Illustrations

Frontispiece. Detail of the New England coast from Dr. John Mitchell’s map of the “British and French Dominions in North America…,” 1755. American Philosophical Society

1. Mayflower II with her shallop after her Atlantic crossing in 1957. William A. Baker

2. Two-masted bark (left) of the mid-seventeenth century. Prins Hendrik Museum, Rotterdam

3. “Boat-ship” of the seventeenth century, from a view of Amsterdam. Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Brussels

4. The 30-ton pinnace Virginia of Sagadahoc, built in 1607–1608. Water-color by John F. Leavitt. Peabody Museum of Salem

5a. Pinnace similar to Dove, 1633, which landed the first settlers in Maryland in 1634. After a plaster ceiling decoration in Hook House, Wiltshire, England. William A. Baker

5b. Another pinnace similar to Dove. After Waghenaer. William A. Baker

6. Ship-rigged pinnace Black Pynnes, circa 1586. After Lant. William A. Baker

7. Modern reconstruction of the 40-ton trading ketch Adventure of about 1670. William A. Baker

8. Section of the White Hills Map of New England, 1677, showing local craft of the period. Massachusetts Historical Society

9. The ship William and John, circa 1670. British Library

10. Detail of anchored shallops fishing off the Isles of Shoals, circa 1680. Harvard University

11. Detail of shallops under sail, circa 1680. Harvard University

12. Modern reconstruction of a medium-sized sloop, circa 1680. William A. Baker

13. Detail of an oil overmantel painting, Richmond County, Virginia, circa 1715, showing a brigantine of the period. Winterthur Museum

14. Detail of John Bonner’s Map of Boston, 1722, with local shipping. Massachusetts Historical Society

15. Left-hand section of “A South East View of ye Great Town of Boston in New England in America,” by William Burgis, 1743. American Antiquarian Society.

16. Middle section of “A South East View of ye Great Town of Boston in New England in America,” by William Burgis, 1743. American Antiquarian Society.

17. Right-hand section of “A South East View of ye Great Town of Boston in New England in America,” by William Burgis, 1743. American Antiquarian Society.

18. Sloop anchored off Boston Light, mezzotint by William Burgis, 1729. Mariners Museum

19. Letter of marque ship Bethel, 1748. Massachusetts Historical Society

20. Shipping sketches by Ashley Bowen (1728–1813) of Marblehead. Marblehead Historical Society

21. Shipping sketches by Ashley Bowen (1728–1813) of Marblehead. Marblehead Historical Society

22. Shipping sketches by Ashley Bowen (1728–1813) of Marblehead. Marblehead Historical Society

23. Shipping sketches by Ashley Bowen (1728–1813) of Marblehead. Marblehead Historical Society

24. Shipping sketches by Ashley Bowen (1728–1813) of Marblehead. Marblehead Historical Society

25. Salem schooner Baltick, 1765. Peabody Museum of Salem

26. Shipping off Cape Poge and Gay Head, from The Atlantic Neptune. Loring Collection, Peabody Museum of Salem

27. Shipping off Sandy Point, Nomansland, and Sankaty Head, from The Atlantic Neptune. Loring Collection, Peabody Museum of Salem

28. Shipping off Boston Harbor, from The Atlantic Neptune. Augustus P. Loring

29. Shipping off Boston Harbor, from The Atlantic Neptune. Augustus P. Loring

30. Shipping off Boston Harbor, from The Atlantic Neptune. Augustus P. Loring

31. Detail of pen and watercolor view of Fort William and Mary, Piscataqua River, 1705. Key letter “S” identifies Province Galley. British Library

32. Boston Harbor in New-England, circa 1689, from The English Pilot, The Fourth Book. British Library

33. “A Draught of Boston Harbour by Capt Cyprian Southake Made by Augustine Fitzhugh,” 1694. British Library

34. (Upper) Cartouche from Cyprian Southack’s 1694 manuscript map of Boston Harbor. (Lower) Cartouches from Southack’s “A New Chart of the English Empire in North America,” 1717. John Carter Brown Library

35. Cyprian Southack’s manuscript map of Spanish River, Cape Breton Island, circa 1720. Public Record Office, London

36. Cyprian Southack’s 1720 map of “The Harbour and Islands of Canso Part of the Boundaries of Nova Scotia.” Public Record Office, London

37. Detail of world chart by Gerolamo da Verrazzano, 1529, showing the New England coast. Harvard University

38. Detail of Ribero world map, 1529, showing the New England coast. Harvard University

39. Map of the Caribbean and East Coast of North America by Alonso de Santa Cruz, circa 1567. Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid

40. Detail showing the New England coast, from the map of North America and the North Atlantic by Diogo Homem, 1558. British Museum

41. Port St. Louis (Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts) from Champlain’s Voyages, Paris, 1632. John Carter Brown Library

42. Port Fortuné (Stage Harbor, near Chatham, Massachusetts) from Champlain’s Voyages, Paris, 1632. John Carter Brown Library

43. Manuscript map by Champlain, “Description des costs…de la nouvelle france…,” 1607. Library of Congress

44. Captain John Smith’s map of New England, 1614, published in 1616. Harvard University

45. Detail of a map of Chesapeake Bay to Penobscot Bay by Adriaen Block, 1614. The Hague, Algemeen Rijksarchief

46. Detail of a map of New Belgium and New England from W. J. Blaeu’s Novus Atlas, Amsterdam, 1640

47. Detail of the New England coast from the N. J. Visscher copy of Jansson. New York Public Library

48. Detail from “A New Map of New England,” by John Thornton et al., London, circa 1685. John Carter Brown Library

49. Detail of “A Large Draught of New England New York and Long Island by John Thornton,” from The English Pilot, The Fourth Book, 1706. Library of Congress

50. Detail of a “Correct Map of the Sea Coast of New England,” 1731, from The English Pilot, The Fourth Book. Peabody Museum of Salem

51. Detail of a “Map of the Coast of New England from Staten Island to the Island of Breton…Capt Cyprian Southack,” from The English Pilot, The Fourth Book. Peabody Museum of Salem

52. Detail of the Massachusetts coast from Cyprian Southack’s New England Coasting Pilot, circa 1730–1734. Harvard University

53. Nathaniel Blackmore’s “Plaine Chart of the Coasts on the Province of Nova Scotia et L’Accadia,” 1714/15. Public Record Office, London

54. Map of New England by Dr. William Douglass, circa 1752. Harvard University

55. Detail of Thomas Jefferys’ “A Map of the most inhabited part of New England,” first published in 1755, from the edition of 1775. Peabody Museum of Salem

56. Plan of the Town of Pownall, Kennebeck Purchase, by Thomas Johnson, 1763. Courtesy of Dr. J. G. C. Spencer Bernard

57. View of Castle William, Boston Harbor, from The Atlantic Neptune. Peabody Museum of Salem

58. Shore views in the area of Mt. Desert, Maine, from The English Pilot, The Fourth Book. Peabody Museum of Salem

59. A view of Charleston, South Carolina, early state. From Volume V of The Atlantic Neptune. Loring Collection, Peabody Museum of Salem

60. Unique first-state view of “Boston taken from the Harbor.” From Volume III of The Atlantic Neptune. Augustus P. Loring

61. Third-state view of Boston. From Volume III of The Atlantic Neptune. Augustus P. Loring

62. A view of Charleston, South Carolina, late state. From Volume V of The Atlantic Neptune. Loring Collection, Peabody Museum of Salem

63. John Hancock. Oil by John Singleton Copley, 1765. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, deposited by the City of Boston

64. Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, circa 1775. Oil attributed to Gilbert Stuart. Redwood Library and Athenaeum

65. Nathaniel Hurd’s engraved label for Joseph Palmer & Company. American Antiquarian Society

66. Nathaniel Hurd’s engraved label for Nicholas Brown & Company. John Carter Brown Library

67. Newport in the 1740s. Lithograph by J. P. Newell, 1864, based on a contemporary overmantel painting. The Rhode Island Historical Society

68. One of the earliest known renderings of a sperm whale, this drawing was made by Robert Treat Paine in his logbook of a whaling voyage on the sloop Seaflower in 1754. Massachusetts Historical Society