Index

    Page references in italics indicate an illustration. “TH” refers to Thomas Hutchinson. “House” used alone refers to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Letters to and from Thomas Hutchinson are indexed by the name of the letter’s recipient or writer. This index is not an exhaustive list of every mention of a name or topic. Researchers are encouraged to make electronic searches of the online edition at www.colonialsociety.org.

    An Act for erecting a Naval Office (1692), 72

    An Act for establishing of a Naval-Office & for ascertaining the Fees (1701), 72–73

    An Act for Preventing Frauds and Regulating Abuses in the Plantation Trade (1696), 73n6

    Adams, John, 160n3

    Adams, Samuel, 101

    Boston Massacre and, 5, 99

    Castle William and

    transfer to royal control, 367, 368n7

    withdrawal of British troops to, 111, 127, 138, 153, 154n1

    as clerk of House of Representatives, 189n7, 245n1

    criticizing TH, 396n2

    Hancock and, 282n5

    in House of Representatives, 218n5, 229, 338

    as patriot leader, 193, 195n10, 281, 283n7, 303, 327, 330, 349, 409

    TH outmaneuvered by, 131

    on TH’s response to House, 338, 338n6

    trials on Boston Massacre killings, pressing to move forward, 149, 150, 152n2, 152n5

    “Vindex” letters, 27, 27n4

    Allen, William, 92, 94n3, 202, 203n3

    American Board of Customs Commissioners, 4–5

    advocating use of troops against unruly Bostonians, 58, 59n1

    alleged participation in Boston Massacre, 111, 113, 115n3, 158n5, 159, 162, 199n4

    Bernard and, 303n2

    departure from Castle, 417, 432

    disclosure of contents of letters from, 347, 347n4

    dispersal of, 163

    establishment of, 80n1

    failure to conduct business, 165

    Hallowell sent to London by, 345n2

    leaking of information on workings of, 94n10

    need to relocate, 324

    safety issues and need to take refuge at Castle Island, 163, 165, 310, 312, 324, 401

    taxes on commissioners’ salaries, 1, 76, 77, 187, 189n6

    writ of assistance for, 70

    See also customs fees; Customs House

    American colonies

    charters and, 400–401, 424n17

    civil officers, election of, 404–5

    councils as local governance, 400–402, 403

    court and legal systems (see courts and law enforcement)

    encouraging division to weaken, 420, 425

    governance methods (proposed by TH), 416, 420–22, 425–26

    independence from Great Britain as aim of, 78, 82, 165, 172, 302, 315, 318, 389 (see also Sons of Liberty)

    Parliament’s right to tax, 2, 48–49, 62, 82, 83n4, 104, 105–6, 125, 176n2, 177, 220, 236n4, 345n6

    reconciliation expected after repeal of some of Townshend duties, 106

    resolve to rebel against Britain, 229, 230, 233, 242, 243n1, 258, 260, 279, 291, 293, 425–26

    trade laws used to control, 420, 421, 425

    use of force against, 420, 425–26

    See also governance of colonies

    Andros, Edmund, 123n9, 260–61, 422, 424n20

    Apthorp, Charles Ward, 226, 227n2

    Ashley, Jonathan, Jr., 49, 50n6

    Aston, Richard, 63, 68n2

    Attucks, Crispus, 104n2, 133n6

    Auchmuty, Robert, 73, 73n9, 119n3, 159, 160n3, 194, 195n13, 239, 241n8, 419, 435, 435n3

    Austin, Thomas, 41, 42n1

    Ballard, John, 312, 312n3

    bankrupt estates, treatment of, 346, 347n1, 421, 424n16

    Barbados, 146

    Barnes, Henry, 294n1

    Barré, Isaac, 35n8, 66, 68nn8–9

    Barrington, William Wildman, 2nd Viscount, 35n11, 198

    Bathurst, Allen, 1st Baron, 63, 68n2

    Battle of Golden Hill (1770), 119n7, 227n6

    Beckford, William, 105, 116, 144n3, 221n1

    Belcher, Andrew, 338, 339n7

    Belcher, Jonathan, 287, 288n3, 339n7

    Bennet, Joseph, 49, 50n7

    Berkeley, Norborne, 4th Baron Botetourt, 35n10

    Bernard, Francis

    appointment of TH as governor

    as advocate for TH, 6, 9, 28n1, 38, 145–46, 190, 190n5, 198, 224, 264, 274, 310, 392

    TH’s declining as embarrassment to, 7, 173, 224–25, 263, 310

    TH’s letter declining delivered to Jackson, 414

    Boston Massacre, reaction to, and instructions on trials, 196–97, 277n2, 296, 313

    Brattle as critic of, 341n2

    on charter forfeiture or reform, 399, 410n4

    Christ Church (Cambridge) and, 390–91

    clashes with Bostonians, 50n4, 239, 257, 289, 290n3, 344, 345n5, 378

    corruption allegations against, 28n4

    departure (August 1, 1769), 1

    General Court and, 2, 24n2

    locations outside of Boston, 387n1

    move to Cambridge, 88, 133n1, 204 (see also General Court)

    prorogation, 84, 223n2

    Goldthwait and, 298n2

    on governorship role and salary, 61n6, 146, 170, 171n1, 172, 274

    land speculation by, 109n4, 146, 147n5, 210n1, 333nn2–3

    law and order, need to restore in Massachusetts, 274

    lawsuits for libel against, 1, 6, 7–9, 28, 29n1, 146, 184, 185nn1–2, 291

    cleared on charges, 6, 116n5, 147, 147n6, 173, 258, 259n5, 275, 286n5, 291, 292n1

    Logan as agent for, 176n6

    Naval Office reversion sought for his son, 374n1

    on Oliver’s salary as lieutenant governor, 167, 168n2, 174n2

    Parliamentary reports by, 163, 164n2, 224

    privacy of official correspondence when governor, 442–43

    refuge at Castle (1765), 368n9

    removal as governor, 2, 24n2, 39n1, 60, 61n2, 85n7, 98n1, 147, 173, 194n2

    on repeal of some of Townshend duties, 104–6, 115, 194n1

    TH’s relationship with, 61n5

    on troops’ withdrawal to Castle William, 99, 314n3

    letters from, 30–36, 38–39, 63–68, 71–73, 74–75, 84–85, 98, 104–6, 115–16, 142–47, 163–64, 167–68, 189–90, 196–99, 224–25, 264–65, 274–75, 279–80, 298–300, 306–7, 313–14, 321, 332–33, 344–45, 390–93, 395–97, 408–10

    letters to, 26–29, 56–57, 60–61, 77, 78–80, 81–84, 92–95, 117–19, 132–33, 145, 150–53, 159–60, 170–71, 175–76, 177n1, 192–95, 205–6, 211–12, 217–18, 233, 238–41, 250–52, 254–55, 256–57, 271, 281–83, 293, 303–4, 310–11, 315–16, 324, 327–29, 337–39, 349–50, 353–54, 366–68, 372–74, 376, 379–81, 416–26, 429, 438–39

    Bernard, Francis, Jr. (“Frank,” son of Francis), 29n8, 39, 39n8, 73n2, 73n7, 93, 94n8, 147n5, 160, 217, 218nn3–4, 372, 374nn1–2, 397n2

    Bernard, John (son of Francis), 57n1, 92, 94n6, 218n4, 368n1, 372, 374n1, 397nn1–2

    Bernard, Lady Amelia (wife of Francis), 60, 175, 194, 195n14, 196, 205, 217, 218n4, 256, 259, 282, 304, 304n4, 311, 311n5, 344, 349, 372, 391

    Bethune, George, 132, 133n7, 194n6

    Bethune, Nathaniel, 194n6

    Black Prince (ship), piracy of, 41

    Blackett, Edward, 143, 144n4

    Bliss, Jonathan, 49, 50n6

    “The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in Kings Street in Boston” (Revere), 113

    Board of Trade, 76, 167, 243, 265n6, 281, 333

    Body of the Trade, 3, 7, 53n1, 191, 206nn6–7, 368n10

    Boies, James, 69, 69n1

    Bollan, William, 59, 59n1, 82, 83n6, 115, 116n3, 158n2, 169, 223n2, 379, 433n1

    on Sons of Liberty and unrest in Boston, 300–303, 301n2, 304n1, 306

    Boston

    disorderly behavior in, 269, 274, 289, 296, 334 (see also mobs)

    harbor ships (see British troops)

    history of madness in, 346–47

    lawsuit for libel/slander against, 1, 6, 7–9, 28, 29n1, 116n5, 146, 147, 147n6, 173, 184, 185nn1–2, 258, 259n5, 275, 286n5, 291, 292n1

    locals seeking to make independent decisions, 242

    lowest class in rule of, 258, 315, 316–17

    mob rule in, 140–41, 150, 154, 404, 409

    mood after Boston Massacre, 132, 267, 269, 287, 289–90

    Pope’s Day (5 November) celebration in, 432, 432n3

    reduced volatility in, 284, 300–309, 301n2

    town meetings (see town meetings)

    troops in (see British troops; Castle William)

    “View of Boston the Capital of New England” (Des Barres), 126–27

    Boston Evening-Post

    Council’s and House’s addresses and messages in, 271n3, 282n1

    reward for persons who threatened Barnes, 294n1

    on tea duties, 176n2

    Boston Gazette

    on Boston Massacre, 189, 198, 199nn3–4

    on customs commissioners’ failure to hold meetings, 283n13

    on Jackson, 210n5

    on letters from London calming unrest, 301n2

    on Machias grant of township, 332, 333n2

    on nonimportation agreement, 42n3, 176n2, 227n1

    Paxton ridiculed in, 283n14

    TH’s House address misstated in, 337, 338nn5–6

    “Vindex” letters in, 27, 27n4

    Boston Massacre (5 March 1770), 99–110

    aftermath, 163–73

    casualties of, 99, 102, 103, 104n2, 123n3, 132, 133nn5–7

    colonists’ continued unrest and desire for revenge after, 132, 182

    disputed facts of, 159, 161, 169, 169n1, 189–90, 198, 202, 301, 318, 434, 437, 438, 439n1, 440–41

    A Fair Account of the Late Disturbances at Boston in New England (pamphlet), 113, 115n2, 199n3, 362n1, 374n3, 377, 378

    Gage’s opinion on events of, 128, 129n2, 155–56, 162n2, 273, 374

    indictments issued, 149, 153n8, 157, 158n4, 159, 162, 185, 253n1

    lynching as possibility for those charged, 190, 264, 273–83, 292n2, 313, 318

    calming of situation, 300–309

    Gage’s advice to remove to Castle William for their safety, 292, 300, 301n1, 306, 306n1, 313, 350n4

    news reaching Britain about, 111–30, 140, 184–90, 263, 278, 278n2, 302n3

    Oliver’s testimony on (see Oliver, Andrew)

    Parliament’s lack of response to, 163, 224–25, 281

    Privy Council inquiry, 8, 296, 298, 306, 362, 374, 394n2

    self-defense of troops, 125, 128, 155, 439

    A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in Boston, 5, 10, 111, 141, 142n2, 158n2, 160n2, 199n3, 302n3, 377, 434, 438n3, 439n4, 439nn1–2, 441n1, 443n7

    TH recounting to Bernard, 117–19, 302n3

    TH recounting to Hillsborough, 120–22, 140, 184, 302n3

    trials following, 7–8, 9–10, 349 (see also Preston, Thomas)

    Bernard’s advice on, 313

    Gage’s fears over, 155–56, 413

    Hillsborough’s order to stay sentencing, 184–85, 251, 252n12, 263, 266, 284, 285, 286n4, 290n1, 313, 323, 372, 441n3

    pressure to proceed, 136, 137n8, 149–62, 177, 253n1, 359

    Quincy as prosecutor, 151, 159, 185

    soldiers’ trial (separate from Preston), 439

    TH declining to preside, 329n7

    TH delaying, 149, 165, 170, 171n4, 177, 182, 203, 216, 251, 252, 253n2, 258, 259n4, 263, 264, 273, 284, 289, 318, 326, 434

    witnesses and depositions on, 111, 115n3, 140, 141, 142nn2–3, 156, 158n2, 301, 362, 362n1, 374, 375n2, 413, 433, 437, 438, 438n3, 440–41 (see also Preston, Thomas)

    Bourgatte, Charles, 115n3, 160n5, 199n4

    Bowdoin, James

    on Boston Massacre committee, 141, 142n2, 158n2, 159, 162, 162n4, 169n1, 302n3, 438, 439n2, 442–43

    Brattle and, 341n2

    Castle William transfer, opposition to, 427–28

    as Chair of Town’s Committee, 323

    disputing mob attacks on commissioners, 282n3, 312

    in House of Representatives, 217, 218n5, 229, 281, 290n7, 327, 328

    in Massachusetts Council, 271, 271n3, 330, 331, 381n1

    Oliver’s deposition and, 443n7

    proroguing Council from acting on address of, 328, 328n1

    as Son of Liberty challenging British rule, 211, 283n9, 290n3

    Temple’s relationship to, 290n3, 290n5, 329n6, 381n2

    Bowers, Jerathmiel, 192, 195n9, 250, 259n1

    Boylston, Nicholas, 189n11, 194n6, 240, 241n20

    Boylston, Thomas, 23n4, 194n6

    Brattle, William, 271, 341n2, 379, 381n1, 433, 433n3

    Bridgham, Ebenezer, 194, 195n14, 205, 279

    Bridgham, James, 194, 195n14

    Britain. See British troops; George III; House of Commons; House of Lords; Parliament

    British troops

    14th Regiment, 4, 13, 99, 100, 102, 121–22, 134, 165n2, 182, 339, 352, 370, 442

    29th Regiment, 4, 12, 14, 99, 102, 121–22, 134, 139, 165n2, 170, 182, 199, 203, 211, 215, 216, 232, 237, 442

    additional troops coming to Boston, if need for, 181, 183, 198, 215, 266, 339

    insults to, 183, 183n1, 195, 196n2

    lack of royal instructions for conduct in colonies, 225n5

    Massachusetts Council’s advice not sought on aid of, 285

    protecting importers, 94n5

    removal of troops from province, 133, 135, 136, 163, 165, 165n2, 170, 182, 182n1, 199, 211, 212n6

    ships in Boston harbor, 164–65, 267, 272, 280, 285, 286n3, 296, 302, 303, 303n6, 308, 358, 406, 427, 429, 431

    TH considering himself without authority to order troop withdrawal, 8, 111, 119, 134, 136, 139, 153, 161

    See also Boston Massacre; Castle William

    Brock, John, 380, 381n9

    Browne, John, 239

    Burbeck [Burbank], William, 360–61, 361n2, 380, 381n9, 383, 417, 423n6

    Burch, William, 93, 158n5, 159, 165, 165n3, 187, 194, 248, 282, 283n10, 289, 290n4, 324

    Burgoyne, John, 204n1

    Caldwell, Benjamin, 102, 104n6, 119, 119n6, 121, 139, 154n2, 236, 236n6, 343, 343n1, 394, 394n1, 443n6

    Caldwell, James, 104n2, 133n6

    Cambridge as location of General Court and House of Representatives meetings. See General Court; Harvard College; House of Representatives

    Camden, Charles Pratt, 1st Earl, 30, 44, 46, 66–67, 68n6, 68n11, 144n1, 220, 221n2

    Canadian border with Maine, 109n4, 245n2

    Carolinas, nonimportation agreement and, 93

    Carr, Maurice, 102, 104n4, 118, 121, 139, 154n2, 443n6

    Carr, Patrick, 123n3, 133nn5–6

    Castle William

    arrangements at, 427–33

    Bowdoin reading letter aloud at Council, 427–28

    Council making inquiries about, 427–28, 430

    no provisions made by legislature, 331n5

    supplies of ammunition, 437

    treating as exchange of garrison, 428, 431–32

    Bernard taking refuge at (1765), 368n9

    Gage’s advice on, 339, 380

    governor’s office at, 417

    habeas corpus writ to move Boston Massacre prisoners from Boston jail to Castle, 264, 265n4

    TH lacking authority for, 300, 301, 306, 349, 350n4, 374n4

    merchants, customs commissioners, and their families taking refuge in, 163, 165, 267, 267n3, 282, 289, 290n4, 303n2, 310, 312, 324, 355, 376

    departure from, 417, 432

    provincial store and storekeeper at, 398, 398n1, 413, 413n1, 414n1, 417, 423n6, 432

    transfer to royal control, 9, 296–97, 299, 330n2, 340n1, 342n2, 351–71, 384–85, 387, 424n18

    Adams’s reaction to, 367

    commander of Castle, 370–71, 371n1

    Dalrymple, coordination with, 351, 352, 356, 358, 363, 366–67, 370–71, 375, 381n10

    dismissed garrison, provision for, 359n2, 360–61, 361n1, 363, 380, 383, 384

    House asking if governor still in command of, 428

    secrecy of and without knowledge of patriots, 351, 359n2, 360, 375, 387, 401, 403, 405, 417

    TH’s satisfaction at his accomplishment of, 415

    troop withdrawal to (after Boston Massacre), 4, 8, 26, 54, 99–110, 111, 118, 121, 122, 123n3, 128, 129n2, 134–36, 137n9, 138n3, 139, 153, 154n2, 155, 157, 195, 198, 200

    Bernard on legality of removing troops to, 314n3

    contention over and TH acceding to demand for, 4, 8, 26, 99–110, 111, 121, 123n3, 128, 129n2, 131, 153, 155, 157, 170, 172, 181, 182, 198, 200, 296

    Hillsborough approving TH actions, 284

    TH considering himself without authority to order, 8, 111, 119, 134, 136, 138n3, 139, 153, 161, 314n3

    troops at the ready to be kept at, 266, 280, 304, 351, 352, 358, 406

    Charles I (king of England), 357n3

    Charles II (king of England), 261, 262n6, 328n5

    Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of, 2, 30–32, 35n5, 35n7, 66–67, 68n7, 82, 83n4, 144n1, 220, 221n2, 236, 236n4

    Chauncy, Charles, 23n4, 205, 206n2, 207, 250, 251n1

    Christ Church (Cambridge), 390–91, 391n1

    chronology of 1770 (January–October), 11–15

    Civil List, expenditures on, 98, 164, 164n2, 183n3

    Clavering, Thomas, 143, 144n4

    Cockle, James, 345n5

    Colden, Cadwallader, 147n7, 247, 269, 270n5, 271, 308–9, 315, 316n1, 379, 382

    letter to, 253–54

    Collier, George, 344, 345n3

    colonies. See American colonies; governance of colonies

    Committee of the Town. See town meetings (Boston)

    Connecticut, 323n3, 334

    Cooper, Grey, 344, 345n4

    Cooper, Samuel, 21, 23n4, 205, 206n2, 233, 379, 381n6, 409

    Cooper, William, 150, 152n2, 193, 195n10, 281, 283n7, 349

    Copley, John Singleton, 21, 101, 151, 320, 436

    Copy of the Complaint of the House of Representatives of Massachuset’s-Bay, against Sir Francis Bernard, 147n6, 194n2

    correspondence’s slow pace, 263–72

    Cotton, John, 338, 339n9, 393, 396–97, 397n1, 397n3, 439n3

    courts and law enforcement

    colony laws, differences among, 406

    common law, 403, 406

    English courts compared to colonial courts, 403, 407n2, 407n6

    equity, 403

    grand jurors, 404

    justices of the peace, 404

    petit jurors, 404

    reconciling provincial statutes with English common law, 406, 407n5, 416, 420–21, 424n15

    removal of justices and sheriffs, 425

    sheriffs, 404

    writs of error, 406

    See also Superior Court

    Cromwell, Henry, 425, 426n1

    Cromwell, Oliver, 411, 412n3

    Currency Act (1751), 79, 80n9

    Cushing, Charles, 245n3

    Cushing, John, 137n8, 149, 253n1, 350

    Cushing, Thomas, 175, 176n3, 177, 186, 192, 218n5, 219, 229, 251, 252n11, 327, 328n5

    Cust, John, 63, 68n3

    customs enforcement. See American Board of Customs Commissioners

    customs fees

    lawsuits over excessive fees, 1, 77n3, 217, 218n3, 423n9

    merchants’ campaign to limit, 50n3, 73, 73n1

    Rhode Island and, 167–68, 168n4

    Customs House, 70, 86

    Boston Massacre accomplices supposed to fire from, 111, 113, 115n3, 149, 159, 439n1

    Boston Massacre scuffle with British troops at, 99, 155

    excessive fees (see customs fees)

    Dalrymple, William

    Boston Massacre and

    in fear of mob reaction to trial, 278

    reaction to, 4–5, 100, 102–3, 374

    report on, 111, 115n2, 190n1, 202, 302n3, 312n1, 394

    testifying on behalf of Oliver’s account of, 394n1

    Castle William (see also Castle William)

    control of, 9, 351, 359n2, 360–61, 375

    provincial store and storekeeper at, 398, 398n1, 413, 413n1

    removal of troops to Castle William, participation in decision making for, 54, 99, 100–103, 118, 121, 122, 128, 134–36, 137n9, 138n3, 139, 153, 154n2, 155, 199

    supplies of ammunition, 437

    as commander-in-chief of British forces at Boston, 20n2, 117

    at Council meeting censuring Oliver, 443n6

    Gage ordering to move regiment to Fort William, 339, 342

    Main Guard and, 20

    possibility of becoming governor to succeed Bernard, 137n4

    public disclosure of letters from, 379, 382

    on reinforcement troops coming, 45, 181

    removal of troops from province and, 133, 135, 136, 199, 215

    stationing troops to protect importers, 94n5

    Temple and, 28

    letter to, 100

    Dana, Richard, 123n2, 159, 160n6, 162n3, 235n2, 241n13, 419, 423n11

    Dance-Holland, Nathaniel, 65

    Danforth, Samuel, 205, 206n3

    Day, Benjamin, 357, 357n1, 369

    DeBerdt, Dennys, 85, 85n7, 98, 98n2, 379

    DeBlois, Gilbert, 116n1, 192, 194n3, 436

    DeBlois, Lewis, 115, 116n1

    DeBlois, Stephen, 116n1

    DeLancey, Oliver, 226, 227n3

    Denbigh, William Feilding, 6th Earl, 66, 68n10

    Des Barres, Joseph F. W., 126–27

    Dexter, Samuel, 5, 104n7, 138

    A Dialogue between Sir George Cornwell . . . and Mr. Flint (Temple and Fenton), 29n5

    Dickinson, John: Letters from a Farmer, 345n6

    Dorr, Harbottle, 27n4, 227n1, 301n2, 319n2, 338n6

    Draper, Richard, 338, 338n6

    Drowne, Samuel, 438, 439n1

    Drummond, Lord (Thomas Lundin), 232, 233n2

    Dunmore, John Murray, 4th Earl, 256, 256n2, 259, 311n5, 344, 345n1

    Dunning, John, 1st Baron Ashburton, 35n14

    duties. See taxes and duties; Townshend duties

    East India Company, 62, 80n3, 105

    Edes & Gill, 58, 93, 137n9, 141, 142n2, 205, 226, 327, 338

    Eliot, John, 22n3

    Erving, George, 283n6

    Erving, John, Jr., 283n6, 329n6, 381n2

    Erving, John, Sr., 80n4, 82–83, 94n4, 162n4, 205, 206n3, 241n3, 271n3, 283n6, 290n7, 315–16, 316n6, 328, 329n6, 330, 379, 381n2

    A Fair Account of the Late Disturbances at Boston in New England (pamphlet), 113, 114, 115n2, 199n3, 362n1, 374n3, 377, 378

    Falkland Islands, 412

    Faneuil Hall (Boston), 47, 145, 250

    Fenton, John, 28n3, 29n5, 283n14

    Flucker, Thomas, 23n4, 28, 125, 209, 210n2, 250, 251n8, 330, 443, 443n7

    in opposition to patriots, 125n2

    satirized in A Dialogue, 29n5

    as secretary of the province, 9, 331n2, 337, 338n4, 392, 410, 412

    Fort Hill (Boston), 251, 252n13, 256, 260–61, 304, 313, 321, 321n2, 416, 422, 424nn19–20, 426, 427, 429

    Fort Pownall, 109n2, 280n1, 297, 299, 304, 368n2

    France, possibility of war with, 107–9, 405, 413

    Franklin, Benjamin, 109n4, 210n1, 212n1, 235, 236n2, 236n5

    The Fruits of Arbitrary Power (Pelham), 112

    Gage, Thomas

    advice to TH on how to deal with local unrest, 5, 119, 260, 272, 285, 291–92, 301n1, 306, 306n1

    Boston Massacre and trial, 128, 162n2, 273, 374

    advice to remove those charged to Castle William for their safety, 276, 292, 300, 301n1, 306, 306n1, 313, 350n4

    Hillsborough’s instructions to, 263

    Preston and, 155, 413

    on Boston’s treatment of troops, 45

    Castle William (see also Castle William)

    advice on taking royal control of, 356, 358–62, 363, 370–71, 371n1, 375, 380, 381n10, 384, 417, 431–32

    prison, establishment of, 373

    removal of troops to, after Boston Massacre, 9, 99, 128, 131, 134–36, 161, 200

    troops at the ready to be kept at, 266, 280, 292, 342

    Fort Hill and, 429

    Hood and, 272

    lawsuits for libel against, 1, 7, 29n1, 184, 185n1, 275, 286n5, 291, 292n1

    regiments under control of, 4–5, 100, 119n4, 122

    reinforcements of troops from, 181, 183, 184, 185, 284, 339

    on Rogers’s death, 348

    letters from, 42–43, 71, 117, 128–29, 155–56, 169, 182, 199, 203–4, 215–16, 237–38, 268, 291–92, 306, 339–40, 348, 356, 370–71, 374–75, 385, 398, 430

    letters to, 20, 29, 52–53, 90–91, 97, 102–4, 134–37, 161–62, 172–73, 180–81, 183, 200, 216–17, 221–22, 252–53, 272, 275–78, 301–2, 308–9, 323, 342, 358–62, 375, 383, 413–14, 437–38

    See also military caps/badges, order for

    Gambier, James, 343, 343n5, 344, 413, 441

    Gardner, Andrew, 304n1

    General Court (Massachusetts)

    Bernard and, 24n2

    locations outside of Boston, 387n1

    move to Cambridge, 88, 133n1, 204

    prorogation, 2–3, 84, 223n2

    removal from governorship (see Bernard, Francis, removal as governor)

    Castle William, change of control of (see Castle William)

    challenging supremacy of Parliament, 1–2, 7–8, 24n2, 132, 163, 172, 173n1, 188, 213, 271, 313, 316, 318, 326, 388, 389, 394n2, 400, 402, 405, 418

    chief justice salary, refusal to pay, 168n3, 187

    convening after Boston Massacre, 133n1, 170

    convening after elections in Cambridge (30 May 1770), 249–62

    day of prayer and humiliation called for, 384, 385n3

    disputing governor’s power, 142, 142n5

    dissolution of, 187–88, 189n10, 192, 193, 195, 200

    elections for (see House of Representatives)

    governor’s salary, refusal to pay, 381n7

    Harvard College, appropriation for use of, 204–12

    internal division over proceeding with business, 314

    Machias Township application (see Machias, township of)

    Naval Office and, 71, 147n5

    proroguing, 2–3, 6, 7, 9, 19–29, 84, 94n7, 223, 261, 285, 304, 304n3, 325–35, 350, 350n7, 357, 363, 364, 367–68

    reconvening (26 September 1770), 378–89

    representation required for obedience to law, 223n2

    secretary of the province and, 423n4

    venue moved from Boston to Cambridge, 3, 6, 7–8, 84, 85n2, 88, 90, 91n4, 93–95, 94n12, 96n1, 96–97n3, 97, 133n1, 195, 200, 200n3, 202, 204–11, 219, 223, 228n1, 240, 257n4, 287, 298

    governor’s right to convene outside of Boston, 396n3, 407

    refusal to conduct business, 7–9, 150, 187, 249–62, 304–5, 313, 315, 399

    Charter forfeiture considered as punishment for, 409, 410n4

    TH’s satisfaction with his handling of, 415

    See also House of Representatives; Massachusetts Council

    George III (king of England)

    Castle William under control of, 266, 296–97

    colonials’ declarations against authority of, 242

    on General Court’s venue change to Cambridge, 329

    instructions to Parliament on nonimportation agreements, 194n5

    insult of Adams’s sedition toward, 327

    kidnap plot against, 304n2

    on possible sentencing and execution of Boston Massacre alleged perpetrators, 184–85

    remonstrance presented to, 143, 144n3, 144n5, 148, 163, 221

    TH’s appointment as governor, 174

    on TH’s handling of Massachusetts Council, 325, 389

    Gerrish, Joseph, 250, 251n6, 259n2

    Gillam, Samuel, 419, 423n12

    Glorious Revolution, 122, 123n9

    Gloucester riot, 189n10, 194n7

    Goffe, Judge. See Trowbridge, Edmund

    Golden Hill, Battle of (1770), 119n7, 227n6

    Goldthwait, Thomas, 109n2, 192, 194n8, 239, 240, 241n9, 244, 279–80, 280n1, 297, 298n2, 299, 328, 364, 366, 368n2, 393

    letter from, 107–9

    letter to, 330–31

    governance of colonies. See American colonies; Parliament; specific Massachusetts bodies and officials

    Gowen, James, 250, 251n3

    Grafton, Augustus Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of, 2, 30, 62, 64, 66, 68nn6–7, 68n11, 76, 84n10, 215n2

    Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, 35n12, 68n6

    Gray, Harrison, 23n4, 205, 206n3, 271, 271n3, 319n2, 320

    Gray, Harrison, Jr., 132, 133n7

    Gray, John, 99, 123n1

    Gray, Samuel, 104n2, 133n6

    Great Britain. See British troops; George III; House of Commons; House of Lords; Parliament

    Green, Hammond, 158n4

    Green, Joseph, 240, 241n18, 241n20

    Greene, Benjamin, 194n6

    Greene, Francis, 194n6, 240, 241n18, 241n20

    Greenleaf, Stephen, Sheriff of Suffolk County, 3, 50, 52, 55, 57–58, 91, 96, 234, 278

    letter to, 277

    Greenwich Hospital, 76, 77n5, 189n5

    Greenwood, Thomas, 158n4

    Grenville, George, 64, 68n8, 105, 116

    Griswold, Matthew, 23n8

    habeas corpus writ, 264, 265n4, 313, 349

    Halifax, Nova Scotia, 119n4, 170, 280

    Hall, Stephen, 381n9

    Hall, Stephen, Jr., 250, 251n3

    Hallowell, Benjamin, Jr., 344, 345n2, 345n5, 392, 393, 393n3, 408, 410, 410n2

    Hallowell, Robert, 393n3

    Hancock, John

    as Adams’s follower, 282n5

    Adams’s portrait commissioned by, 101

    as assembly representative, 218n5, 229, 250, 257

    as influential wealthy patriot merchant, 195n11, 211, 214, 215n1

    nonimportation agreement and, 51, 51n1, 175, 186, 195n11, 219, 315

    ships of, 186, 196n3, 219, 231n3, 374n3

    as Speaker of the House, 176n3, 177, 192, 219

    TH vetoing election of, 250, 257, 259n1, 280n1

    TH’s dislike of, 265

    at town meeting and stirring up populace, 51, 193, 195n10, 206

    Harley, Thomas, 339, 340n2, 343

    Harrison, Joseph, 334

    Harvard College, 204–12, 206n2, 212nn1–2, 230, 231n1, 275

    Hastings, Francis, 10th Earl of Huntington, 36n19

    Hatch, Nathaniel, 394, 394n1

    Hawke, Edward, 338, 393, 396

    Hawley, Joseph, 82, 83n2, 170, 171n3, 288n2

    Hervey, Frederick Augustus, 4th Earl of Bristol, 36n21

    Hillsborough, Lord

    letters to, 23–24, 53–56, 95–97, 120–24, 156–58, 176–77, 179–80, 186–89, 206–8, 223, 230–31, 234–35, 243–45, 246–47, 257–59, 269–70, 285–86, 288–90, 304–5, 316–17, 331–32, 340, 352–53, 363–65

    Hillsborough, Wills Hill, Viscount

    appointment of Oliver as lieutenant governor (see Oliver, Andrew)

    appointment of TH as governor (see also Hutchinson, Thomas for his vacillating about whether to accept appointment)

    delay due to Hillsborough’s travel to Ireland, 321, 392, 414n2

    embarrassment caused by TH declining position, 173, 263, 310

    informing TH of appointment, 173, 174, 263, 265n2, 285, 286n1, 288, 357

    as TH’s advocate for appointment, 6, 38, 145–46, 167, 235

    waiting for TH’s response to news of official appointment, 263, 264, 274, 357n4

    Boston Massacre and

    order to stay sentencing, 7, 184–85, 251, 252n12, 263, 266, 284, 285, 286n4, 290n1, 296, 313, 323, 372, 441n3

    pardon possibility, 362, 372, 375n1, 441, 441n3

    TH conveying acquittal result to, 438–41

    Castle William and (see also Castle William)

    TH worried about reaction to removal of troops to, 131, 161, 284, 351

    transfer to royal control, order for, 351, 356n1

    in disagreement with Chatham and Camden, 30

    as first Commissioner of Treasury Board, 76

    on General Court’s prorogation, 2, 19, 50n1, 94n7, 137n7, 325

    Machias and (see Machias, township of)

    Maine lands (see Maine)

    on mob violence and need for order to be restored in Massachusetts, 7–9, 272, 355

    on moving General Court to Cambridge, 3, 84, 88, 90, 91n4, 93, 94n11, 95, 96n1, 133n1, 204, 228n1, 257n4, 315

    on Preble as Office of Truck Master, 297, 298n2

    as Secretary of State for the Colonies, 342

    TH telling of sons’ noncompliance with nonimportation agreement, 146nn1–2

    letters from, 45–46, 76–77, 110, 147–48, 174, 184–85, 266, 296–98, 325–26, 329–30, 389–90

    letters to, 382, 400–408, 410–12, 431–32

    “Honestus,” 283n13

    Hood, Samuel, 1st Viscount, 7, 119, 122, 184, 185, 197, 205, 268, 285

    Lady Bernard’s transport and, 217, 218n4, 256, 259

    retirement of, 343

    letters to, 58–59, 88–90, 164–65, 166, 195–96, 235–36, 259–60, 267, 267n1, 272, 302–3, 308, 343

    Horace, 410n3

    House of Commons

    Civil List of king and, 183n3

    House of Representatives acting in way similar to, 325

    as possible source of leaked letters from TH, 379, 382

    remonstrance presented to king and, 143

    Townshend duties and, 115

    Wilkes dispute in, 30, 31, 35n2

    House of Lords

    American affairs debate (January 1770), 31

    Civil List of king and, 142–43

    during Cromwell’s Protectorate, 412n3

    newspaper’s printing of proceedings in, 74, 75n5

    relationship to House of Commons, 32, 35n7

    repeal of Townshend duties (see Townshend duties)

    resolutions concerning Nonimportation Agreement, 31

    Wilkes controversy, 31–32, 66

    House of Representatives

    adjournment requested (15 June 1770), 270n3, 288n1

    Bernard’s compliments to TH on dealings with, 395

    Bernard’s removal as governor and, 2, 98n1, 147, 173, 194n2

    Castle William arrangements and, 427–28 (see also Castle William)

    Charter revisions and, 401, 405 (see also Massachusetts Charter)

    internal division over proceeding with business, 331, 379, 382, 384, 417

    list of grievances from, 325

    locations outside of Boston for meetings of, 329, 386, 387n1, 388 (see also General Court)

    Oliver’s censure and, 433

    possibility of returning to Boston for meetings, 395

    proroguing of, 258, 274, 317, 318, 328n1, 331, 352

    refusal to conduct business outside of Boston, 7, 8, 156, 256–58, 259n3, 261, 269, 281, 285, 288n1, 304, 314, 315, 319, 325–28, 328n3, 368n12, 369, 379, 388, 389, 407, 415 (see also General Court, venue moved to Cambridge)

    remonstrance to Council against proceeding to conduct business, 408

    remonstrance against sitting in Cambridge, 6, 250

    remonstrance against TH, 189n10

    rescinding of circular letter by, 327, 328n4, 337–38

    resolutions of opposition from, 19, 269

    return to conducting business (October 1770), 416, 417, 440

    session resumed (25 July 1770), 8, 304n3, 389

    session resumed (26 September 1770), 350, 368n11, 378, 382

    Town Meeting, instructions from, 229–49

    Howard, Simeon, 23n4

    Hubbard, Thomas, 137n9, 192, 194n8, 205, 206n3, 271, 271n3, 319n2

    Hulton, Henry, 158n5, 159, 165, 165n3, 187, 194, 195n13, 282, 283n8, 283n10, 289, 290nn4–5, 312

    Hume-Campbell, Patrick, 3rd Earl of Marchmont, 143, 144n2

    Humphrey, James, 250, 251n3

    Hutchinson, Elisha (son), 2–3, 40, 53n3, 56, 56n2, 57n2, 58, 218, 218n1, 322, 323n2

    See also nonimportation agreement, TH’s sons, persecution for noncompliance

    Hutchinson, Foster (brother), 338n4, 367, 368n8, 393, 393n5

    Hutchinson, Thomas (“TH” in this index), iv

    appointment as governor (14 April 1770), 6, 8, 173

    commission payment/salary, 163, 167, 288n4, 302, 303n3, 310–14, 314n4, 315, 321, 321n1, 350, 386, 406, 410

    public announcement of, 392, 409, 410, 412

    rumors of coming appointment, 216n3, 236n2

    Silliman congratulating on, 322

    starting date of, 321, 413, 413n2

    TH expected to succeed Bernard, 222

    TH expressing thanks to Hillsborough for, 406

    Whately congratulating on, 388

    Bernard’s support for (see Bernard, Francis)

    Boston Massacre and (see Boston Massacre)

    Castle William and (see Castle William)

    Charter reforms and (see Massachusetts Charter)

    as chief justice, 60, 176n4

    salary, 39n3, 61n6, 175, 187, 264, 379–80, 381n7

    wanting to resume position as, 6, 264

    as commander-in-chief, 4, 9, 99

    salary of, 187

    Council disputes with (see Massachusetts Council)

    General Court disputes with (see General Court)

    health issues of, 234, 254–55, 255n7, 289

    Hillsborough’s support for (see Hillsborough, Lord)

    House disputes with (see House of Representatives)

    lack of support

    from “friends of government,” 140, 152

    from Parliament (see Parliament)

    as lieutenant governor and acting governor, 60, 61n4, 176n4, 264

    refusal to preside at Boston Massacre trials due to conflict with, 329n7

    salary concerns, 166, 166n2, 167, 176–77, 265n1

    looting of house (1765), 50n5, 133

    nonimportation agreement and (see nonimportation agreement)

    Parliament’s lack of direction to (see Parliament)

    Preston trial and (see Boston Massacre; Preston, Thomas)

    public disclosure of letters from, 382, 382n2

    satirized in A Dialogue, 29n5

    vacillating on governorship appointment, 6, 7, 9, 131–48, 388

    appointment made without awareness of, 7, 133n4, 163, 173, 284, 291, 414

    Bernard and others embarrassed by TH’s wish to withdraw, 7, 173, 224–25, 225n1, 263, 310

    deciding to take appointment after all, 7, 8, 284, 310, 322, 331n3, 414–15

    Hillsborough informing TH of his appointment, 173, 174, 263, 265n2, 285, 286n1, 288, 357, 390n2, 413

    Hillsborough waiting for TH’s response to news of official appointment, 263, 264, 274, 357n4

    London newspapers reporting stop of appointment, 288

    seeking removal of his name from consideration, 6–7, 131, 132, 142, 154, 157, 222, 222n5, 235–36, 254, 255n6, 258, 263, 266n1, 290n2, 291, 295n1, 322

    slow pace of correspondence’s effect, 263–72

    Williams encouraging TH to reconsider, 295

    Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr. (son), 2–3, 40, 53n3, 56, 56n2, 57n2, 58, 218, 218n1, 322, 323n2

    See also nonimportation agreement, TH’s sons, persecution for noncompliance

    imports. See nonimportation agreement; smuggling; taxes and duties; Townshend duties

    Indemnity Act, 80n3

    Insolvent Act, 346, 421

    Jackson, Joseph, 124n12

    Jackson, Richard, 9, 44n3, 109n4, 164, 170–71, 171n7, 175, 176n5, 210, 210n1, 254–55, 265, 265nn5–6, 387n3

    letters from, 43–44, 386–87

    letters to, 153–54, 209–10, 414–15

    Jackson, William, 88

    Jamieson [Jameson], Robert

    letter from, 247–49, 249n1

    Junius (pseud.), 84n10

    Land Bank Act, 79, 80n8, 82

    law and order, restoration of, 7, 24, 78, 81, 93, 163, 196, 234, 269, 274, 280, 287, 388, 396, 399, 416, 419

    Lee, Joseph, 250, 252n9, 391, 391n4

    legislature, colonial. See General Court

    Leonard, George, Jr., 250, 251n3

    “Letter to the King” (1769), 84n10

    Letters from a Farmer (Dickinson), 345n6

    Leveson-Gower, Granville, 1st Marquess of Stafford, 36n22, 333n3

    Liberty riot, 345n2

    lieutenant governor. See Hutchinson, Thomas; Oliver, Andrew

    Lillie, Theophilus, 3, 88–89, 89nn3–4, 92, 94n2

    Linzee, Robert, 303, 303n5, 308

    Little, Woodbridge, 49, 50n7

    Livius, Peter, 347, 347n5

    Livy, 420, 423n13

    Logan, Walter, 176, 176n6, 391n2, 417, 423n2

    Lords of the Admiralty, 41

    Lords of Trade & Plantations, 69

    Lundin, Thomas (Lord Drummond), 232, 233n2

    lynching. See Boston Massacre

    Lynde, Benjamin, 253n1, 328, 329n7, 349

    Macaulay, Catherine, 300–304, 301n2, 304n1

    Machias, township of, 243–44, 245nn1–2, 332, 417, 423n1, 426

    Mackay, Alexander, 42, 105

    letter to, 318

    Main Guard, 20, 20n2, 26, 42, 90, 95, 96n2, 99, 100, 117

    See also Castle Island, removal of troops to

    Maine

    Canadian border and settlements in, 107–8, 109n4, 210n2, 243–44, 245n2, 297, 328, 329n8, 365n3, 393

    land speculation in, 109n4, 146, 210n1

    Manners, John, 3rd Duke of Rutland, 35n13

    Manners, John, Marquis of Granby, 35n12, 68n6

    Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl, 30–32, 34, 36n20, 63, 194n4

    Manufactory House, 186, 189n3, 189n10, 192

    Manwaring, Edward, 115n3, 149, 158n4, 159, 160n6, 161, 439n1

    Marchmont, Lord. See Hume-Campbell, Patrick

    Marshall, William, 41, 42n2

    Massachusetts

    Massachusetts

    charter (see Massachusetts Charter)

    legislative bodies (see General Court; House of Representatives; Massachusetts Council)

    militia, desire to strengthen, 260

    reforming governance structure (see governance of colonies; Massachusetts Charter)

    towns, governance of, 404

    See also headings starting with “Boston”

    Massachusetts Banishment Act (1778), 73n2

    Massachusetts Charter, 8, 78, 82, 135, 231, 313, 314n2

    on appropriate venue of General Court, 94n12, 249, 314, 396n3, 407 (see also General Court)

    forfeiture of, 313, 409, 410n4, 410–11, 424

    power reserved to Crown in, 329

    powers of governor, 60, 61n4, 142n5, 186, 201, 261, 326, 358, 359n2, 360, 363, 366–67, 375, 380

    quo warranto proceedings against, 327, 328n5, 399

    reforms, 150, 152n6, 296, 297, 299, 307, 344–45, 345n6, 381n8, 399–426

    patriots’ view of, 402, 403

    TH’s opinion sent to Bernard (two versions), 399, 416–26

    TH’s opinion sent to Hillsborough (two versions), 400–407

    royal prerogative in conflict with, 282n3

    Massachusetts Constitution. See Massachusetts Charter

    Massachusetts Council

    Boston Massacre

    accounts painting in bad light, 378, 394, 394n1, 442–43

    response to, 99, 100, 102–3, 118, 120–22, 124n12, 185

    Castle William (see also Castle William)

    change of control of, 9, 351, 360, 363–64, 366, 405, 427, 428

    removal of troops to, 4–5, 134–35, 137–38, 138n2, 139, 153

    Charter reforms and, 400–402, 403, 410–11, 416, 419, 424, 426

    creation of privy council, 411, 416, 419, 424, 426

    royally appointed, instead of elected members, 282, 282n3, 299, 314, 314n2, 315, 416

    governor’s disagreement with, 78

    Hillsborough commending TH on his handling of, 325

    Hillsborough’s order to show his majesty’s displeasure with, 329

    internal division over proceeding with business, 314, 319, 319n2

    meeting without governor’s presence, 83, 84n9, 223n2

    nonimportation agreement and, 3, 37, 40, 42, 48, 48n2, 52, 54–55, 57, 228n1, 245

    Oliver censured by, 377, 433, 433n1, 438, 439–40, 443n4

    powers of governor and, 93, 94n12, 115, 186, 201

    proceeding to conduct business and work with TH, 285, 313, 350, 352, 357, 368, 379, 382, 384, 408

    proroguing, 368

    protest against Cambridge as venue, 269, 270n2, 271n3, 415 (see also General Court)

    reforming under charter revisions, 401–2, 410–11

    refusal to conduct business, 281, 326

    TH’s requests for action on mobs and violence, 91, 92–93, 96, 147, 150, 201–2, 234, 355, 419

    Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, 338n6

    Massachusetts General Court. See General Court

    Massachusetts House of Representatives. See House of Representatives

    Massachusetts-New York territory dispute, 25, 25n2, 330, 331n1

    Massachusetts Superior Court. See Superior Court

    Mather, Samuel, 23n4

    Mauduit, Israel, 22nn2–3

    letter to, 20–23

    Maverick, Samuel, 104n2, 123n3, 133n6

    McMasters, James, Patrick, John & Daniel, 267, 267n3, 294, 294n1

    McMasters, Patrick, 312n3, 355n1, 376

    Mein, John, 1, 23n4, 282n5

    Melville, Robert, 147n7

    merchants’ meetings

    Council’s failure to sanction, 40–41, 52, 147

    discord among merchants, 191, 205, 206n6

    to end nonimportation, 240, 241n16

    to extend nonimportation, 1, 23n4, 47n1, 176n2, 177n2

    legality of, 40–41, 48n2, 52, 53–54

    Parliament instructed by king on, 194n5

    in Philadelphia (see Philadelphia)

    in reaction to partial repeal of Townshend duties, 201

    TH’s efforts to disperse, 110n2, 146n1, 148n1, 183n2, 189n4

    TH’s lack of support from other colonial governors for dealing with, 186

    TH’s sons attending, 54, 56–57

    See also Body of the Trade; nonimportation agreement

    Meserve, George, 28, 29n6

    military caps/badges, order for, 212nn4–5, 217n2, 237, 237n2, 238n3, 256, 260, 262n2, 314n5

    military troops. See British troops

    mobs

    attacks on customs commissioners, 282, 283n8, 289, 290n4, 312

    attacks on importers, 3, 46, 52, 88–92, 95, 234, 238, 247, 267n3, 282, 294, 294n1, 355

    attacks on Nathaniel Rogers, 226, 237, 336, 337

    confrontations with British troops, 3–4, 99 (see also Boston Massacre)

    Council’s failure to take action against, 91, 92–93, 96, 147, 150, 201–2, 234, 355, 419

    fabrications alleged about actions of, 282n3, 290nn5–6, 312

    Grand Jury’s failure to take action on, 355

    London mob attacking Harley, 339, 343

    maintaining order, need for, 299 (see also law and order, restoration of)

    sheriff and justices of peace refusing to suppress, 91

    uprising of militia likely in reaction to Boston Massacre, 99, 103, 118, 121, 125, 132, 138n2, 153, 202, 326, 381n4, 394n1

    See also tarring and feathering

    Molasses Act, 316

    Molineux, William, 83n5, 281, 283n7, 409

    Manufactory House for textile production and, 186, 189n3, 189n10

    name of Paoli for, 82

    nonimportation agreement and, 46, 47n1, 219, 228, 240, 349

    patriot role of, 193, 195n10

    resistance to British troops’ return to Boston and, 293, 333n1

    return to position as Boston official, 312, 312n3

    Seider’s death and, 88–89, 89n2, 92

    Montagu, George, 4th Duke of Manchester (1737–1788), 36n18

    Montagu, John, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792), 32–33, 35n3

    Montresor, John, 375, 375n2, 383, 413, 429, 430

    Mount Desert Island, 146, 147n5, 333, 333n3

    Munro, John, 158n4, 161

    Murray, James, 111, 277, 330, 343, 343n1, 419, 423n12

    letter to, 273

    Murray, John, 132, 133n3, 327, 328n2, 357

    Mutiny Act. See Quartering Act

    Native Americans, 107–9, 209

    Naval Office, 71–72, 73n1, 147n5, 168n4, 218n1, 374n1, 417, 423n7

    See also customs fees

    Navigation Acts, 72, 73n4

    New England Company, 22n3

    New Hampshire, 175, 191, 281, 282n4, 347n3

    New Spain, 79–80

    New York

    appointment of council in, 419

    civil officers in, 309

    discord with Boston, 309

    Massachusetts boundary dispute, 25, 25n2, 330, 331n1

    nonimportation agreement and, 1, 2, 7, 8, 40, 93, 191, 240, 253, 269, 281, 355, 387

    proposal for general governments of colonies, 78–79, 81–82

    Quartering Act, compliance with, 25, 80n1

    recommencing importation of goods, 314–16, 318, 345, 349, 355, 355n2, 405, 407n4

    New York City, 25

    Newfoundland, 259, 385

    nonimportation agreement

    coercion and enforcement of, 2, 7, 19, 23, 23n4, 40–61, 44n4, 47, 48n2, 53–54, 181, 186, 219, 234, 267n3, 349, 395

    colonies outside of Boston and, 77n2, 191, 253, 281, 355, 405

    committee of inspection and, 3, 40, 48n2, 88, 89n3, 176n2, 436

    confiscation of goods upon reentry to England, 241n5

    continuing in defiance of Parliament, 175, 176n2, 191–204, 316

    decision to end, factions on, 7, 8, 173, 232, 253, 258, 269–70, 315, 349, 387

    doubtful effectiveness of, 175, 345, 349

    Hillsborough’s criticism of, 147, 266

    New York and, 1, 2, 7, 8, 40, 93, 191, 240, 253, 269, 281, 355, 387

    Parliamentary response needed, 2, 7, 19, 84–85, 186, 189n2, 192, 214

    Philadelphia and, 1, 2, 7, 8, 40, 93, 191, 226, 227n5, 238, 240, 241n6, 241n17, 245–46, 246nn2–3, 253, 255

    punishment recommended for instigators of, 349, 408–9

    return of goods to England, 55, 177, 178, 191, 196n3, 201, 214, 219, 230, 232, 233, 238, 266n1, 275n1, 299

    risks of noncompliance with, 1, 3, 40, 176n2, 232, 267n3, 318

    TH’s attempt to stop illegal enforcement, 47, 54–55, 76, 253

    TH’s sons, persecution for not complying with, 2–3, 40–41, 42n4, 53n3, 56, 56n2, 57n2, 58, 89, 90n7, 91, 92, 146n1, 218, 218n1, 287, 322, 323n2, 334

    See also Townshend duties

    North, Frederick, 2nd Earl of Guilford, 62–77, 65

    approval of lieutenant governorship and compensation for position, 38, 146n3, 410

    Bernard and, 75, 344

    on British troops’ removal from Boston, 302

    criticism of handling American colonies, 225n6

    as first lord of the treasury, 39n4, 64, 76, 146n3

    inability to reform colonial governance, 8

    as lord chancellor and leader of House of Commons, 2, 30, 64, 98, 213

    on petition presented by Bollan as agent for Massachusetts, 115–16

    Townshend duties and, 7, 104–5, 116n2, 181, 194n1

    Northcote, James, 197

    Norton, Fletcher, 1st Baron Grantley, 63, 68n4, 85n6, 166, 166n3

    oaths of allegiance, 79, 80n6

    Oliver, Andrew (TH’s brother-in-law)

    advising TH, 104n9, 138n3, 154n2, 252n9

    appointment as lieutenant governor, 9, 38, 39n2, 75, 130n4, 164n5, 167, 174, 283n11, 344, 390n2, 410, 412

    salary, 146, 146n3, 167, 174, 174n2, 176, 177, 187, 392, 410

    Bernard and, 85, 164, 164n5

    Boston Massacre events and Council meeting recounted by, 5, 111, 114, 115n3, 137n9, 199n3, 302n3, 374n3, 377, 378, 381n4, 394n1, 433, 433n2, 442, 443n7

    censured by Council, 377, 433n1, 439–40, 442, 443nn3–4

    meeting with customs commissioners, 115, 115n4

    Proceedings of His Majesties Council Relative to the Deposition of Andrew Oliver, Esq., 394n1, 439n3

    report to Britain on Council meeting of day following Boston Massacre, 190n1

    Stamp Act riots and, 29n6, 39n5

    on TH’s authority to order troop withdrawal to Castle William, 111, 137n9, 138, 138n3

    letters from, 394, 433

    Oliver, Daniel, 241n14

    Oliver, Peter, 179, 180n1, 250, 251n8, 253n1, 349, 350n6, 438

    letters from, 341, 435

    Oliver, Thomas, 282, 283n11, 391, 391n3

    Otis, James, 119n7, 199n4, 217, 239, 347n4, 418

    Paine, Robert Treat, 151, 435, 435n3

    Palmer, William, 167, 168n1, 254, 256, 303n3, 386, 387n3, 414

    letter from, 172

    letter to, 218

    Paoli, Pascal, 82, 83n5

    paper manufacturing, 69

    Parker, William, 347n1, 347n3, 353–54, 424n16

    letter to, 346–47

    Parliament

    Boston Massacre, failure to respond to, 163, 224–25, 281

    challenges to authority of (see General Court; nonimportation agreement)

    cognizance of proceedings in Massachusetts, 404–5

    elections for, 74, 183

    inaction by and failure to assert supremacy of, 7, 30–35, 77, 78–83, 84, 92–94, 140, 165, 175, 213, 214, 215n2, 218, 219, 221, 221n2, 224–25, 229, 231, 234, 242–43, 254, 261, 302, 308, 319, 416, 419–20

    king’s request for quashing nonimportation agreements, 194n5

    measures to control colonies, 45, 264, 286, 296, 318, 386

    ministry’s conduct, criticism of, 219n1

    proroguing, 318

    punishment of officials who obstruct governmental business, 409

    supremacy of, 344–45, 345n6, 388, 395, 400, 402, 407n5, 418 (see also General Court for challenging)

    taxing power of, 2, 48–49, 62, 82, 83n4, 104, 105–6, 125, 176n2, 177, 220, 236n4, 345n6

    Paxton, Charles, 158n5, 165, 187, 194, 248, 283nn14–15, 394, 394n1

    Payne, Edward, 102, 104n2, 132, 133n7

    Pelham, Charles, 28, 29n8, 372

    Pelham, Henry, 112

    Pemberton, Benjamin, 72, 73n7, 147n5, 373, 374n2

    Pemberton, Ebenezer, 226, 227n7

    Pemberton, Samuel, 141, 142n3

    penal code, 80, 80n11

    Penn, John, 246, 246n1, 253, 271, 315, 316n1

    letter to, 245–46

    Pennsylvania

    importation of goods recommenced in, 326

    nonimportation agreement and, 93, 281

    Quartering Act, compliance with, 25

    See also Philadelphia

    Penobscot, settlements east of. See Maine

    Percy, Hugh, 1st Duke of Northumberland, 35n15

    Petty, William, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, 198, 199n2, 286n2

    Philadelphia

    Committee of Merchants, 245–46

    nonimportation agreement and, 1, 2, 7, 8, 40, 93, 191, 227n5, 238, 240, 241n6, 241n17, 245–46, 246nn2–3, 253, 255

    recommencement of importation, consideration of, 314, 315, 317, 345, 349, 355, 368n10

    Phillips, Andrew Faneuil, 227n1

    Phillips, John, 360, 361n1, 366, 368n5, 380, 381n9

    Phillips, William, 250, 252n10, 315

    Phillips, William, Sr., 23n4, 40, 42n4, 51, 51n1, 56, 193, 195n10, 214, 215n1

    letter to (and to People Assembled at Faneuil Hall), 47–48

    Phips, David, 391, 391n2, 391n4, 422

    Pickman, Benjamin, Sr., 28, 28n4

    Pitts, James, 93, 94n9, 138, 160n4, 170–71, 171n6, 210, 210n4, 241n3, 271n3, 281, 283n7, 283n9, 290n5, 312, 366, 368n6, 381n3

    Pond, Eliphalet, 239, 241n15

    Pope’s Day celebration (5 November), 432, 432n3

    Porteous, John, 190, 190n3

    Porter, John, 282, 283nn12–13, 289, 290n6, 312

    Pownall, John, 83, 84n8, 105, 109n4, 164, 164n3, 235, 236n2, 256, 313

    letter from, 412

    letters to, 36–37, 41–42, 53n1, 59, 69, 140–42, 178, 214–15, 232–33, 260–62, 294, 319, 355, 384–85, 442–43

    Pownall, Thomas, 203n1, 210n1, 225n5, 233n1, 275n1, 279, 299, 300, 427, 428, 439, 441

    on Sons of Liberty and Boston unrest, 301n2, 301–3, 304n1, 306

    letter to, 219–20

    praemunire, statute of, 404, 416, 418, 423n10

    Preble, John, 279, 280n3, 298n2, 365n4, 366, 368n2

    Preston, Thomas

    account of Boston Massacre by, 190n1, 199n3, 273, 302, 302n3, 312n1, 377

    London Public Advertiser publishing, 278, 278n2

    charged with giving order to fire at Boston Massacre, 117, 119n1, 120, 159, 161, 318

    in danger of mob justice (lynching), 190, 264, 273–83, 292n2, 351, 427

    calming of situation, 300

    fate predetermined, 409

    Gage’s view of actions of, 155, 413

    habeas corpus writ considered to move from Boston jail to Castle, 264, 265n4

    TH lacking authority for such move, 300, 301, 306, 349, 350n4, 374n4

    indictment against, 149, 153n8

    trial of, 6, 7, 8, 9–10, 137n8, 151, 165, 172, 177, 180, 182, 184, 196, 203, 251, 349, 359, 361, 365, 434–43 (see also Boston Massacre, trials following)

    acquittal, 434, 435

    adjournment prior to finish, 437

    DeBlois as juror, 436

    defense attorneys, 160n3, 241n8, 435n3

    delay (see Boston Massacre)

    Drowne not appearing as witness, 439n1

    execution of sentence to be delayed (see Boston Massacre)

    jury verdict, 435

    pardon possibility, 362, 372, 375n1, 441, 441n3

    worries over response to guilty verdict, 372–76, 374n5, 375n1

    Pride, Thomas, 357n3

    Privy Council

    Bernard cleared on charges, 6, 116n5, 147, 147n6, 194n2

    Boston Massacre inquiry, 8, 296, 298, 306, 362, 374, 394n2

    complaint to remove Bernard and, 39n1

    land grants in colonies by, 333n3

    nonimportation agreement and, 37n2

    recommendations for Parliament to take action against Boston, 326

    probate and estate administration

    bankrupt estates, treatment of, 346, 347n1, 424n16

    call for more counties to ease hardship in, 353–54

    standardization of colonial law on, 406

    Proceedings of His Majesties Council Relative to the Deposition of Andrew Oliver, Esq., 394n1, 439n3

    Provincial Act, 71–72

    provincial store and storekeeper at Castle William, 398, 398n1, 413, 413n1, 414n1, 417, 423n6, 432

    public disclosure of letters exchanged between government officials, 379, 382, 382n2, 433n4

    punishment

    of government opponents, 416, 418

    of mob rule at town meetings, 404

    of nonimportation agreement instigators, 349

    See also praemunire, statute of

    Quartering Act (1765), 25, 25n1, 78, 80n1, 81, 83n1, 158n6, 232

    Quincy, Edmund, IV, 337, 338n2

    Quincy, Josiah, 41, 42n1, 118, 119n2

    Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 151, 160n3, 229, 231n1, 235n2, 239, 241n11, 243n1, 337, 338n2

    Quincy, Samuel, 151, 153n8

    quo warranto proceedings, 327, 328n5, 399

    Rawle, William, 237, 238n3, 256, 260, 262n2

    regiments of British troops. See British troops

    Revenue Acts, 2, 37, 37n4, 40, 44, 48, 54, 79, 96

    Revere, Paul, 112, 113

    Rhode Island

    boycott against, 282n4

    Customs House fees and, 167, 168n4

    governorship of, 60, 225n3

    nonimportation, Newport merchants and, 175, 191, 228, 228nn2–3, 253, 281

    Richards, Owen, 234, 235n1, 241n1, 294n1, 300n1

    Richardson, Ebenezer, 3, 88, 89, 89n4, 91n7, 92, 95n13

    conviction of, 266n1, 343

    indictment against, 149

    postponement of sentencing, 179

    trial of, 6, 149, 179–83, 203, 253n1

    Riot Act, 4, 423n12

    riots. See mobs; Stamp Act riots

    Robertson, James, 232, 233n2

    Robinson, John

    Boston Massacre and, 5, 7, 111, 115nn2–3, 159, 160n4, 362n1

    brawl with Otis, 119n7, 347n4

    as customs commissioner, 324n1

    travel to London with letters and news of Boston Massacre, 7, 119, 132, 184, 189, 190n1, 200, 200n2, 255, 255n8, 303n4, 347, 347n4

    letter from, 114–15

    letter to, 312

    Rogers, Elizabeth, 337, 338n1

    Rogers, Lydia Hutchinson, 341n1

    Rogers, Nathaniel (TH’s nephew)

    death of, 9, 336–37, 340–43, 348, 390, 390n2, 392, 409

    move to New York to avoid attacks in Boston, 234, 237, 238, 255

    on nonimportation agreement, 47n1, 88, 92, 94n5, 226, 227n1

    persecution upon return to Boston, 336, 337, 348

    on removal of troops to Castle William, 129

    as secretary of the province, 9, 129–30, 130n4, 146, 167, 174, 336, 342, 390n2

    Sons of Liberty burning in effigy, 226, 227n1, 237, 336

    TH feeling personally close to, 337, 343

    letter from, 46–47, 129–30, 226–27

    Rogers, Sarah (Sally), 341, 341n1

    Rowe, John, 193, 195n11, 214, 215n1

    royal commission to inquire into North American affairs, 261, 262n6, 281, 283n7, 287, 316n4, 396n1, 420, 423n14, 424

    Royall, Isaac, 205, 206n3

    Ruddock, John, 89, 90n6, 93, 95n13, 142n3, 240, 419, 423n11

    Ruggles, Timothy, 132, 133n2, 150, 152n3, 239, 241n14, 250, 251n7, 327, 328n2, 330, 344, 345n4, 357

    Russell, James, 104n7, 271, 271n3, 319n2

    St. George’s Fields Massacre (1768), 94n3, 203n3, 423n12

    Salisbury, William, 361, 361n3, 380, 417, 423n7

    Sanders, Thomas, Jr., 250, 251n5, 259n2

    Savage, Arthur, 87n1

    letter from, 86–87

    Savage, Samuel Phillips, 87n1

    Sayre, Stephen, 304, 304n1, 379

    Sears, Isaac, 226, 227n3, 227n6

    Seider, Christopher, death and funeral of, 3, 6, 88–98, 90n5, 91n7, 94nn2–3, 99, 149, 179, 199n4, 228n1, 266n1

    Sewall, Jonathan, 73, 73n9, 152, 153n8, 253n1

    Sheafe, Edward, 194n8

    A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in Boston, 5, 10, 111, 141, 142n2, 158n2, 160n2, 199n3, 302n3, 377, 434, 438n3, 439n4, 439nn1–2, 441n1, 443n7

    Silliman, Ebenezer, 323n3

    letter from, 334–35

    letter to, 322–23

    Smith, James, 236, 236n6, 267, 267n2, 285

    Smith, William, Jr., 80n1, 81, 83n1

    smuggling, 78, 80nn3–4, 81, 299

    Smythe, Sidney Stafford, 63, 68n2

    Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England, 22n3, 23n4

    Society of the Supporters of the Bill of Rights, 83n7, 215n2

    Sons of Liberty, 82, 152, 226, 227n3, 227n6, 247–48, 281, 289, 301, 308, 361n2

    Stamp Act, 39n5, 125, 335, 421, 425

    repeal of, 37n3, 83n4, 105, 236n5

    Stamp Act riots, 29n6, 39n5, 227n7, 368n9

    Stephens, Philip, 342, 342n3, 348, 393

    Stillman, Samuel, 262n1

    Story, William, 339n7, 423nn1–2

    Strong, Simeon, 152n4

    Strong, William, 150

    Superior Court

    Boston Massacre trials, 137n8, 149, 152n2, 177, 253n1, 256, 329n7, 349, 372 (see also Boston Massacre, trials following; Preston, Thomas, trial of)

    Committee of the Town interfering in, 154, 160

    compensation of justices, 187

    filling positions in, 167, 179

    intimidation of justices, 140, 150, 152, 152n2, 152n5, 158n3, 160, 180n1

    Lynde as chief justice, 329n7

    Richardson’s trial in death of Christopher Seider, 179–83

    TH as chief justice (see Hutchinson, Thomas)

    tarring and feathering, 234, 235n1, 241n1, 267n3, 294n1, 300n1

    taxes and duties

    on customs commissioners’ salaries, 1, 76, 77, 187, 189n6

    Parliament’s right to tax the colonists, 2, 48–49, 82, 83n4, 104, 220, 236n4, 345n6, 400, 402

    on tea, 7, 37n3, 62, 78, 80n3, 81, 88, 89n1, 104–5, 173, 181, 182, 191, 228, 236, 237, 315, 415

    See also Townshend duties

    Taylor, John, 88

    Taylor, Nathaniel, 71, 73, 73n2

    tea

    duties on, 7, 37n3, 62, 78, 80n3, 81, 88, 89n1, 104–5, 173, 181, 182, 191, 228, 236, 237, 315, 415

    Silliman offering to sell in Connecticut, 323n3, 334

    Temple, John

    Boston Massacre aftermath and, 157, 241n4

    as customs commissioner, 28, 28n2, 94n10, 210n5, 290n8, 324n1, 344, 345n5

    Fenton and, 28n3, 283n14

    as first British consul-general to the United States, 283n6

    opposition to Bernard, 290n3, 344, 345n5

    Phillips’s commission at Castle William and, 361n1

    on possible governor candidates, 311n3

    relationship to Bowdoin and Pitts, 187, 271, 271n3, 282n2, 290n3, 290n5, 311, 329n6, 381n2

    suspected author of A Dialogue between Sir George Cornwell . . . and Mr. Flint, 29n5

    Winthrop and, 211

    Test Act, 80n6

    Thomas, John, 309

    Thurloe, John, 34, 425, 426n1

    Thurlow, Edward, 1st Baron Thurlow, 36n23

    Thynne, Thomas, 3rd Viscount Weymouth, 67, 68n12

    Todd, Samuel, 49, 50n7, 287, 288n5

    Toovey, Sampson, 28n4

    town meetings (Boston)

    Body of the Trade replacing, 7

    Boston Massacre testimonies collected by, 111

    creation of, 102

    demand for troop withdrawal, 99, 100, 122, 124n12, 134, 138

    Fort Hill sale and, 251

    independence as topic at, 302

    instructions to Boston’s representatives, 229–49

    intimidating justices of Superior Court, 160

    mob rule at, 140–41, 150, 154, 201, 404, 409

    nonimportation and, 246

    restrictions on purpose and attendance, 52, 53n1

    trial of officers and, 156–57

    See also merchants’ meetings

    Townshend, Charles, 80n1, 236n5

    Townshend duties

    distinguishing between internal and external taxation, 236n5

    parliamentary debate of, 104–6, 213

    partial repeal of, 7, 36, 37n3, 39n3, 50n3, 62, 74, 75n3, 80n3, 81, 84, 88, 90, 98, 98n3, 173, 182, 191, 192, 194n1, 195, 201, 213, 387–88

    salary supplement from, 168n3, 381n7

    treason, 55, 102, 124n12, 125, 416, 418

    Treason Act of Henry VIII, 239, 241n13

    Trecothick, Barlow, 323, 441

    Trowbridge, Edmund (also known as Goffe), 137n8, 149, 152, 153n7, 250, 251n8, 252n9, 253n1, 327, 328n5, 349

    Tudor, John, 123n2, 137n9

    Tutte, John, 172, 172n1, 256

    Tyler, Royall, 5, 94n4, 138, 138n2, 205, 206n3, 381n4, 394, 394n1, 442

    Tyng, William, 70nn1–2, 87, 87n4

    letter to, 70

    Unknown

    letter to (9 January 1770), 24–25

    letter to (22 May 1770), 242–43

    letter to (20 October 1770), 427–28

    letter to (no date), 50–51, 125, 137–38, 138n1, 139

    use of force, 420, 423n12

    Van Horn[e], David, 226, 227n7

    “View of Boston the Capital of New England” (Des Barres), 126–27

    Virginia, 281, 282n4

    Waldo, Hannah, 29n5

    Waldo, Samuel, 209, 210n2, 302, 303n2

    Wanton, Joseph, 253

    letter to, 228

    Ward, Artemas, 250, 251n5, 259n2

    Warren, James, 101, 142n2, 175, 176n3

    Warren, Joseph, 141, 150, 152n2, 152n5

    Warren, Mercy Otis, 176n3

    Watts, Samuel, Sr., 129, 130n3

    Wentworth, John, 130, 130n5, 158n5, 165, 337, 338n1, 347n5

    Whately, Thomas

    letters to, 201–3, 387–89

    White, William, 111, 362n1

    Wilkes, John, 2, 30, 35n2, 35n12, 64–67, 68n12, 83n7, 94n3, 221n1, 301n2, 304n2, 340n2

    Williams, Elijah, 152n4

    Williams, Israel, 50nn3–4, 132, 133n2, 152n4

    letters from, 48–50, 287–88, 295

    letter to, 291

    Wilmot, George, 149

    Wilmott, John Eardley, 63, 68n2

    Wilsonn, Robert, 221n1

    letter to, 220–21

    Winthrop, John, 211, 212n1

    Worthington, John, 250, 251n7, 256, 256n3, 327, 328n2, 330, 357n1

    letter from, 369–70

    letter to, 357

    writs of assistance (general search warrants), 70, 86–87

    Yorke, Charles, 30, 35n16, 46, 62, 63, 76, 166, 181

    Young, Thomas, 193, 195n10, 205, 206n6, 239, 241n12, 250, 251n1, 281, 283n7, 312, 312n3, 349, 409