Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
“A,” Boston Gazette articles by, 281, 283n2, 298, 299n4, 311n4
Acadia (modern New Brunswick)
contested borders of, 304
separation from Massachusetts, 241n4, 249n2, 302–4, 308
Active (ship), 375, 484, 486, 487, 491
Adams, John
as “Candidus,” on significance of committee of correspondence, 199n1
on death of A. Oliver, 472n5
feudal tenure argument of, regarding parliamentary authority, 169, 172
jealousy of TH, 170
A. Nickerson defended in piracy trial by, 111n1
on P. Oliver being warned not to attend Superior Court, 490n3
opinion of TH, 5–6
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 143, 160, 169, 170, 172n3, 175
portrait by Charles Wilson Peale (c. 1791–1794), 170
on W. Story, 165n4
W. Story, knowledge of circumstances of, 54, 55n11
veto of election to General Court (May 1773), 208n3
Whately letters controversy and, 170, 279, 285n1, 366, 480, 481n1
Adams, Samuel
Boston, General Court returning to meeting in, 2
Boston Committee of Correspondence, formation of, 103n1
Boston Gazette articles by “A” attributed by TH to, 298, 299n4, 311n4
Boston resolutions objecting to TH’s characterization of town and, 193n2
crown salaries, objections to, 1, 95, 151n15, 435
Dartmouth’s arrest order for, 477
dismissal of petition to remove TH and, 492n3
impeachment efforts against chief justice Peter Oliver, 16
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 143, 160, 175, 262
relationship between Great Britain and colonies, TH on views regarding, 297–98, 299n3
removal of governor, intentions regarding, 236, 239n1
as representative for Boston, 378n6
Stamp Act riots, commemoration of (14 Aug.), 273n2, 277
Tea Act/tea ships and, 352, 363, 364n2, 377, 398, 408
Votes and Proceedings (1772), contribution to, 115n1, 117
Whately letters controversy and, 7, 8, 9, 170, 216, 217, 218n2, 225, 232, 236, 239n1, 240, 241nn2, 5, 254n2, 280, 300, 319, 320nn3–4, 366, 372, 480, 481n1
Admiralty. See Gambier, James; Montagu, John; Royal Navy; Sandwich, Lord; specific persons in or seeking admiralty offices
admiralty courts
elimination of Massachusetts provincial vice-admiralty court, consideration of, 255, 256n3
power to commit prisoner to Massachusetts jail, 108–9
special court of admiralty in piracy trial, 111n1
African Americans. See Black Americans; slaves and slavery
alimony, execution for, in divorce case, 106
American Board of Customs Commissioners. See also specific commissioners by name
Castle William, Tea Act disturbances and move to, 389, 390n1, 403
inspector general of customs, dispute with, 373n3
new members of, 51
proposal to tax salaries of, 48n2, 133–34, 135n8
R. Reeve as secretary to, 64, 93, 94
American Indians. See Native Americans
Anabaptist laws in Ashfield, 141, 142n6
anal fistula suffered by TH Jr., 81
Andrews, John, 118n1
Antigua, estates of T. Oliver damaged by hurricane in, 109
Appleton, Nathaniel
Considerations on the Slave Trade (1767), 115n1
Votes and Proceedings (Boston Committee of Correspondence, 1772), contribution to, 115n1
Apthorp, John T., and Hannah Greenleaf, 61, 62n6
Armstrong, Capt. Thomas, 42
Armstrong, William, 306, 307n1
Artillery Sermon of Eli Forbes, 288n1
Ashburton, John Dunning, 1st Baron, 14, 329, 429, 430n2
Ashfield, Baptist community in, 141, 142n6
Ashley, John, Sr.
arrest of Belcher and associates for counterfeiting, 157n1, 191n1
friendship appreciated by TH, 338
letter to (11 Nov. 1773), 338
Atkinson, John, 80
attorney general for Massachusetts. See also Sewall, Jonathan
crown salaries for attorney and solicitor general, 495
A. Savage, kidnapping of, 31–32
plan for Sewall to combine posts of solicitor general and, 86, 88n6
Auchmuty, Robert (vice-admiralty court judge)
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 70, 116, 125n1
Whately letters controversy and, 7–8, 225
Austin, Samuel, 378n6
Bailyn, Bernard, 5
Baldwin, Lucy, later Forbes, 289n9
Barber, Nathaniel, 387n3
Barnstable, Superior Court meetings in, 489, 490n4, 497
Beckford, William, 468n4
Belcher, Gil, arrested as counterfeiter, 156, 157nn1–2, 173n1, 183n2, 191n1, 199n1, 214n2
Bernard, Sir Francis (immediate former governor of Massachusetts)
Boston Port Act, arrival of news of, 493–94
Boston Tea Party, 405
W. Brattle vetoed as councilor by, 475n2
William Browne and, 451
Castle William, conditions at, 74–75, 79, 87, 112–13
Charter, threats to remove, 38n2
collusion with former Salem customs collector, accused of, 78n1
crown salaries for superior court judges, 83, 102, 278n2
Nathan Cushing appointed justice of peace by, 490n5
Dalyrmple considered as possible successor to, 42n2
death of A. Oliver, 448
discussion of letters of, in Privy Council hearing on petition to remove TH and A. Oliver, 429
dismissal of petition to remove TH, 493
eastern Maine, on separation from Massachusetts of, 240
eastern Maine, unrestricted settlement in, 274
exchange of offices between Sewall and Robinson, 86, 88n4, 92–93
failure to write, TH on, 160, 224
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 135n5
Hillsborough’s resignation, 74, 83, 86–87
WSH mentioned by, 87
impeachment attempts against P. Oliver, 448
letters to
23 Aug. 1772, 54–55
25 Aug. 1772, 55–57
7 Oct. 1772, 81
21 Oct. 1772, 84
22–28? Oct. 1772, 86–88
10 Nov. 1772, 102–3
30 Nov. 1772, 112–13
23 Feb. 1773, 160
25 Feb. 1773, 166–67
10 March 1773, 175–76
29 June 1773, 224–27
31 July 1773, 240–41
6 Sept. 1773, 274–75
17 Sept. 1773, 284–85
16 Oct. 1773, 300
1 Jan. 1774, 405
9 March 1774, 448–49
2 May 1774, 493–94
Nether Winchenden, Buckinghamshire (country house), 175, 176n1, 227n7
news obtained by TH from, 510
on nonimportation agreements, 512n4
T. Oliver, recommended as inferior judge of vice-admiralty by, 104, 108
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 160, 175–76, 274
J. Phillips’s appointment as Fort Major of Castle William, 87, 112
publication of letters leading to remand of, 222, 236, 237n1, 253, 254n5, 267n3
rebuking TH for reluctance to appoint crown-appointed Council, 238n4
removal sought by opponents, 217, 221, 225, 512, 513n11
separate agent for House, refusal of grant for, 38n10
solicitor of customs and attorney general, plan for Sewall to combine posts of, 86, 88n6
W. Story and, 56n12, 164, 165–66, 165n3
stroke, recovery from, 50, 53, 54n2
succeeded by TH, 3
J. Turner sending letter to, via TH, 78, 81, 84
Whately letters controversy, 223, 224–25, 227, 240–41, 274, 284–85, 300
Bernard, John (son of F. Bernard)
as customs collector at Salem, 79n2, 81
financial and business troubles of, 81, 86, 88nn2–3, 275n3, 494n4
permission to come to England, 136, 137n7
traveling to Kennebec, 494
biblical references, 100, 101n8, 287, 288n5, 320n8, 445
bilious colic/disorder, 149, 150n5, 440
Black Americans. See also slaves and slavery
Gaspée, witness to destruction of, 63, 64n3, 133
population of Massachusetts, 505
Tea Act consignees, efforts to force resignation of, 344
Board of Trade
New York/Massachusetts border dispute and, 2, 43, 44, 141, 157n3
Ohio River Valley, objections to new colony in, 74, 75
Whately letters controversy and, 14
Body of the Trade, on tea ships, 12, 350, 352n1, 363, 367n1, 368, 371n5, 378n1, 381
Bollan, William
package for S. Danforth from, 50
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 31, 229, 267n3, 298, 464n5
Whately letters controversy and, 267n3
Bolton, Massachusetts, First Church of, 268n1
Boston. See also specific locations within Boston, e.g., Castle William
British troops, hostility to, 400
closure of port following Boston Tea Party, 16–17, 456–57
departure of TH from, 493–99
General Court returning to meeting in, 2, 27, 47
identified by TH as source of disorders in Massachusetts, 361, 363–64, 376
opposition to crown salaries for judges in, 15, 87, 90, 95–115
proposals by TH to change legal status of, 176–77
Quebec post passing through New York and Philadelphia before reaching, 328–29
religious intolerance, TH on history of, 58, 108
tea consignees nervous about appearing in, 425, 433, 434nn2–3, 460
William (tea ship), disposal/sale of rescued tea from shipwreck of, 412, 415
Boston Committee of Correspondence
S. Adams as “Candidus” on significance of, 199n1
aspersions cast by TH on members of, 102, 107–8
challenging right of Parliament to legislate for colonies, 4–5
constitutionality of meeting after recess of General Court, 15, 234–35
formation of, in response to crown salaries issue, 4, 95, 102, 103n1, 435
implications for colonial relationship with British authorities, 200
plan to engage colonies in network of opposition as intent of, 218n6
royal order disallowing sitting of committees during recess, 15
S. Swift serving on, 414n1
on Tea Act/tea ships, 368
towns joining statement of, on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 4, 123, 125, 126n2, 131, 132, 138, 140, 146, 148n1, 153, 154–55, 157, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 171, 435
Votes and Proceedings (1772), 4, 115, 117, 126n2, 131, 153, 171, 193n2, 197, 348n2
Boston Evening Post
closing speech of TH to General Court, article refuting items in, 194n2
on Gaspée Commission, 127n1
resolutions by towns opposing crown salaries for judges printed in, 126n2
W. Story, printing F. Bernard’s letter of recommendation for, 165n3
Boston Gazette
“A,” articles by, 281, 283n2, 298, 299n4, 311n4
Council proceedings on Boston Tea Party published in, 411n4, 426n1
on crown salaries for superior court judges, 84n2
duel between W. Whately and J. Temple reported in, 488n2
on Gaspée Commission, 139n1
on grand jury statement to court (31 Aug. 1773), 273n3
“Junius Americanus” letter, 320n1
“Letter to the King” printed in, 77n1
“E. Ludlow” letter and “A Friend to the Community” article, J. Fenton’s dispute with TH about, 178–83, 189–90
resolutions by towns opposing crown salaries for judges printed in, 126n2
Shelburne letter to F. Bernard printed in, 237n1
on Tea Act and tea ships, 326, 329n1, 331n1, 352n2, 368n2, 390n2
on Virginia Resolves, 199n1
Whately letters, publication of, 232, 245n1
Whately/Temple duel and Franklin’s acknowledgment of role in transmittal of letters published in, 430n1
Boston Harbor. See also Boston Port Act
blocked to stop tea ships leaving, 368, 375, 379, 386, 399, 409
closure of port following Boston Tea Party, 16–17, 456–57
Boston Massacre (1770), 42n2, 396n2, 416
Boston Port Act
closure of port of Boston to merchant shipping by, 17, 457n3
Dartmouth’s letter to TH regarding, 456–57
publication of, in Boston, 17, 493, 495
Boston Tea Party, 12–13, 381–92
advance rumors regarding, 377
American Board of Customs Commissioners taking refuge in Castle William after, 389, 390n1
closure of port of Boston until reimbursement of East India Company for, 16–17, 456–57
Council’s response to, 382, 387, 388, 393–410, 426n1, 461, 492n1
disguise used by perpetrators of, 12, 382, 387
England, reception of news in, 421n2, 460, 461, 471, 494n1
George III’s denunciation of, 456–57, 494n1
grand jurors of Boston involved in, 440
number of chests of tea destroyed in, 405, 407
opening speech of TH to General Court, not mentioned in, 424, 426n1
reward offered for names of perpetrators, 382, 394
value of tea lost in, 392
witnesses departing for England after
interrogatories composed by TH for, 417
letters regarding, 416–23
memorandum of TH on (24 Dec. 1773), 394, 395n3, 396
Boston town meeting
Boston Committee of Correspondence, formation of, 4, 95, 103n1
crown salaries for superior court judges, inquiries regarding, 4, 95, 137n3
crown salary of governor, objections to, 47, 48n2
objections of TH to involvement in colony-wide and imperial issues, 6–7, 184
resolutions objecting to TH’s characterization of town, 6, 184, 192, 193, 193n2, 414n1
tea consignees, efforts to force resignation of, 11, 326, 330–31, 341–49, 358–59
tea ships, TH on lack of jurisdiction to hold meetings on, 361–62
Boston Weekly News-Letter, “Philalethes” publishing in, 288n4, 289n8
Bowdoin, Elizabeth, later Pitts (sister of James), 322n2
Bowdoin, Elizabeth, later Temple (daughter of James), 322n2
Bowdoin, James
Boston resolutions objecting to TH’s characterization of town, 193
Boston Tea Party, Council’s response to, 393
complaints of TH against, 34, 37, 38n7
Council asserting right to copy and print minutes, 395n4, 404, 407
domination of Council by, 439, 443n4
favors shown to J. Temple as son-in-law of, 37, 38n7, 56n3
as moderate and potential ally of TH, 299n2
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 143, 145, 153, 160, 172, 175
as possible successor to TH as governor, 276
on successor to A. Oliver, 55, 56n1
Whately letters controversy and, 9, 240, 241n2, 254n2, 276, 279, 289, 366, 372
Bowers, Jerathmiel, 208n3
Bowler, Metcalf, 262, 263, 264n2
Boyle, John (printer), 268n1, 289n7
Breda, Treaty of, 239, 303, 304, 306
Bridgewater, on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 123
Bridham, Mr., 224
Bristol (ship), 112
British troops
Boston’s hostility to, 400
captain general, rank of, 85
commissions list requested from I. Williams, 239
exchange of garrison troops at Castle William, 42
New York citizens habituated to presence of, 400
tea ships and, 375
West Indies, departure of 14th Regiment for, 42
Whately letters controversy and, 227n3, 228, 229n3, 242
Brookline Committee of Correspondence on Tea Act/tea ships, 368, 375
Brown, John (perpetrator of destruction of Gaspée), 64n3
Brown, Mr. (in border dispute between New York and Massachusetts), 130
Browne, William, 451, 452n1, 468n1, 474, 475n4, 498n1
Burch, Mrs. (wife), and daughter, 427, 452
Burch, William
Clarkes dining with, in Roxbury, 433, 434n3
lieutenant governorship, proposed for, 451–52, 467, 474
A. Oliver speaking with admiral at, 82
traveling to England, 403, 404n4, 427, 451–52
Burke, Edmund, 333n2
Callehan, Capt., 499
Cambridge
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 126n2, 153
Council meeting with TH on Boston Tea Party in, 394
Tea Act/tea ships, committee of correspondence on, 368, 375
Camden, Lord, 145, 511, 512nn6–7
Canada. See also Acadia; Nova Scotia; Quebec
cession of, TH on consequences stemming from, 377
consultations on disposition of affairs in, 80
Fort Pownall and, 94
Quebec Act (1774), 80n2
“Candidus” (Samuel Adams), 199n1
canere surdis, 133, 135n9, 400
Caribbean. See West Indies
Caribs on St. Vincent, rebellion of, 42n1
Carleton, Sir Guy, 1st Baron Dorchester (governor of Canada), 80, 292, 293, 294n3
Castle William
American Board of Customs Commissioners taking refuge in, 389, 390n1, 403
barracks, need to rebuild, 112
departure from Boston, TH residing at prior to, 17, 347, 493, 497
exchange of garrison troops at, 42
governor’s control of, 76n4, 83, 85, 112–13
J. Phillips appointed Fort Major of, 48, 75, 79, 83, 85, 87, 112, 127
powder and arms, House inquiries concerning supply of, 462, 464n4
questions of Lord Dartmouth/answers of TH about, 506
royal control, transfer to (1770), 76n4
salvaged cargo of tea ship running aground brought to, 13
shortage of funding and staff for, 75–76, 80, 87, 112
tea consignees taking refuge in, 12, 350, 352, 354, 359, 363, 366, 367, 369, 379, 386, 398, 408, 434nn2–3, 460, 469
tea ships, order to prevent departure of, 375
William (tea ship), disposal/sale of rescued tea from shipwreck of, 412, 415
Catholics and Catholicism, 57, 77n1, 177n3, 197–98
Champion & Dickinson (mercantile firm), 465, 466n1
Chappaquiddick, Martha’s Vineyard, Wampanoags’ claim to, 258, 259n1
Charleston, South Carolina, landing of tea in, 407n2, 421, 422n3
Charlestown
adapting Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 153
Tea Act/tea ships, committee of correspondence on, 375
Charter
constitution of government, questions and answers about, 503
multiple sessions of legislature in, TH’s objections to, 35, 37, 38n8
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 5
threats to remove, 35, 36, 38n2, 38n5
Chatham, Lord (William Pitt the Elder)
on Dissenters’ bill, 52n5
factions in British politics and, 510, 511, 512nn2–3, 6
on parliamentary authority, 145, 172
as possible successor to Hillsborough as secretary of state, 46
Chaunc[e]y, Charles, 268n1, 355, 472n6, 480, 481n1, 513n9
Cheever, Ezekiel, 387n3
Chevy Chase (phrase), 237, 238n3
Christmas, 448
Church, Benjamin
tea consignees, efforts to force resignation of, 387n3
Votes and Proceedings (1772), contribution to, 115n1
Church of England, 267
circular letters
on birth of prince, 203
questions for colonial governors from Lord Dartmouth, 10, 281, 283n1, 292
questions for colonial governors from Lord Dartmouth, answers of TH to, 500–514
Clarke, Isaac Winslow (son of Richard), 366n2, 367, 368n1, 433, 434n3, 448, 449n1, 460, 469
Clarke, Jonathan (Jack; son of Richard)
Castle William, with other tea consignees in, 366
dining in Roxbury with W. Burch, 433, 434n3
letters sent via, 29, 30n1, 444, 469, 478, 480n1
letters to
19 Feb. 1774, 444
30 March 1774, 469
power of attorney given by Richard Clarke to two sons, 367, 368n1
return from England with details of Tea Act, 11, 341, 345, 346n2, 358, 360n2, 385
sailing for England after Boston Tea Party and rescue of William’s cargo, 422, 423n1, 442, 443n10
securing tea from shipwrecked William, 388, 389, 389n2, 390n5, 411, 413n3
Clarke, Mary, later Oliver (sister of Richard), 444n2
Clarke, Richard
Castle William, with other tea consignees in, 366, 448, 449n1, 460, 469
John Singleton Copley as son-in-law of, 352n2, 353
in Copley’s portrait of Copley family (c. 1777), 353
dining in Roxbury with W. Burch, 433, 434n3
dining with TH in Milton, 469
power of attorney given to two sons, 367, 368n1
Richard Clarke & Sons as tea consignee, 330, 330n2, 341, 352, 354, 355, 369, 384–86, 399n1
tea consignees at warehouse of, efforts to force resignation of, 11, 326, 327–28, 341, 344–45, 358, 384–85, 387n3, 397, 399n1
Clarke, Susanna, later Copley (daughter of Richard), 353
clergy, dismissals of, in New England, 267, 268n1
climate. See weather/climate
Cockle, James, 79n1
Cockpit, Whitehall (London), 14
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), 477
coffee houses, 471
Colden, Cadwalader (lieutenant governor of New York), 487n3
commerce. See trade and commerce
Committee on Plantations, 322n7
committees of correspondence. See also Boston Committee of Correspondence
expectations of TH regarding spread of, 199
George III’s disapprobation of, 323, 412, 413n2, 424, 426n1
illegality of, TH on, 379
implications for colonial relationship with British authorities, 200
invitation of all continental assemblies to form, 164, 218n6, 265
in New York, 264n2
post office in America by act of Parliament, opposition to establishment of, 463
resolutions of Boston town meeting against TH circulated to, 184
Tea Act, opposition to, 327, 329n1, 354, 368–80, 389, 400, 403
towns in Massachusetts invited to form, 4, 123, 125, 126n2, 162, 200
unconstitutionality of meeting in recess of assemblies, TH on, 4, 15, 234–35, 424, 462–63
Virginia Resolves on, 10, 197–205, 262, 264n1
Company of Cadets (Massachusetts militia), 355n4, 472n5
Congregationalists, 58, 267, 268n1
congress. See Continental Congress
Connecticut
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 263
views on parliamentary power in, 211
consent
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, arguments against, 4, 5, 143
for separation/joining of colonies, 240
constitution. See Charter
constitutional issues
committees of correspondence meeting during recess of assemblies, 4, 15, 234–35, 424, 462–63
parliamentary authority (See parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies)
Continental Congress
fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 10, 262–68, 281–82, 313–16, 443n1, 458, 462
Stamp Act Congress (1765), 10, 219, 220n4, 264n3
Conway, Henry Seymour, 85
Cooper, Dr. Samuel, 289, 290n2, 297, 299n2, 366, 472n6, 480, 481n1, 513n9
Cooper, William, 378n6
Copley, John Singleton
as mediator for tea consignees, 352n2, 353, 360
portrait of the Copley Family (c. 1777), 353
portrait of Thomas Gage (c. 1768), 436
portrait of Peter Oliver (c. 1758), 436
portrait of Duncan Stewart (1767), 86
as son-in-law of Richard Clarke, 352n2, 353
Copley, Susanna Clarke (wife of John Singleton), 353
Coram, Thomas, 304, 305n10, 317n1
corporations, Massachusetts law designating towns as, 162, 171
Coulson, Capt. Thomas, 444
beliefs of TH about cooperation of, 27, 29n2
on Boston Tea Party, 382, 387, 388, 393–410, 426n1, 461, 492n1
J. Bowdoin’s domination of, TH on, 439, 443n4
crown-appointed, TH rebuked by F. Bernard for reluctance to appoint, 238n4
crown salary of governor, refusal to respond to House’s message on, 31, 67
divorce and remarriage proceedings, as court in, 106, 269, 270, 323
House of Lords, analogy with, 15
impeachment efforts against chief justice Peter Oliver, 15–16, 443n3, 447–57, 492
inability to meet without presence of governor, TH asserting, 439n5
lieutenant governor, candidates for, 474, 475n2
minutes, asserting right to copies and printing of, 394–95, 404, 407
obligation/lack of obligation of governor to call for sitting of, 447
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 142, 143–51, 143n2, 152, 153, 169–77
seditious material, on publication of, 76–77, 87
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 31, 33, 38, 39n10, 40–41, 48n2, 147, 148n2, 229, 298, 464n5
tea ships, refusal to act regarding, 11–13, 341–49, 350, 352, 359, 361, 362n1, 367, 369, 376, 380, 385–86, 390n2, 397, 401
veto power of governor over, when acting as court, 106, 110, 147, 269, 270, 323, 412, 413n1, 503, 509n9
wills and administrations, court cases involving, 323
counterfeiting
as capital crime in New York but not Massachusetts, 183n3
Massachusetts counterfeiters arrested, tried, and executed in New York, 7, 129–30, 156–57, 173n1, 183, 191n1, 198–99n1, 247
craft guilds (livery companies) of London, 97, 161
criminal justice. See justice system
Crosse, John, death in North Carolina of, 279, 280n1
crown salaries
for attorney and solicitor general, 495
failure of TH to appreciate colonial objections to, 1–2, 95
funding of, 48n2
General Court’s failure to provide for salaries and imposition of, 1, 95
grand jury’s refusal of, 272, 273n3, 277
Hillsborough’s letter confirming approval of, 48–49, 102
crown salaries for superior court judges
“A,” Boston Gazette article by, 283n2
arrangement of, 1, 3–4, 6, 15, 47–48, 48n4, 53, 58, 64, 65, 69, 75
Boston Committee of Correspondence, formation of, 4, 95, 102, 103n1, 435
colonial opposition to, 15, 87, 90, 95–115, 435–46
concession proposed by ministry on, 206, 215
date of commencement of judges’ salaries, 102, 148, 158, 282, 283n3
General Court’s offer of salaries, 15, 102, 158, 206, 215, 462, 464n5
House demanding judges’ rejection of, 435, 437–38
House’s petition to king protesting, 2, 6, 184, 185, 187n1, 206, 215
impeachment attempt against P. Oliver over, 15–16, 436, 439n3, 447–57, 461–62, 463n3, 464, 492
lack of official instruction regarding, TH complaining of, 102, 251
P. Oliver’s acceptance of, 15, 435–46
P. Oliver’s prediction regarding, 150, 151n14
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 4, 115, 158, 171, 185, 435
public reaction in England to controversy over, TH’s efforts to manage, 34n1
refusal to serve on jury due to, 272, 273n3, 277
rejection/acceptance by judges, 15, 151n14, 159n2, 435–46, 462
royal commissions, need for, 277, 278n2
secrecy about/rumors of, 6, 65, 84, 87, 95, 137n3
as supplements to General Court salaries, 52, 53n4
Tea Act opposition distracting TH from, 418
towns joining Boston’s opposition to, 4, 123–24, 126n2, 435
crown salary for governor
Boston town meeting on TH’s acceptance of, 47, 48n2
concession proposed by ministry on, 206, 215
General Court’s denunciation of TH’s acceptance of, 2, 27–42, 67
House’s message to Council on, 31, 89–90
“E. Ludlow” letter about, 178–83
New York, border dispute with, and, 142n5
remonstrance sent to king regarding, 2, 6, 27, 59, 206, 215
“The Wicked Statesman or Traitor to His Country in the Hour of Death” (1774), TH caricatured as, 406
Cumberland, Duke of, 85n2
Cushing, Thomas (Speaker of the House)
on committees of correspondence, 200
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 263
crown salaries of superior court judges, petition to king protesting, 185
B. Franklin and, 165n4, 200, 201n1, 241, 242n4, 278n2, 290n2, 324, 336n3
on intent of Boston Committee of Correspondence, 218n6
A. Lee’s letter to, 470
letter of recommendation for W. Story to B. Franklin, 165n4
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, debate over, 162, 163–64, 165n1, 200, 253–54, 255n7
private letters read in House, as means of radical discussion, 439, 443n2
relationship between Great Britain and colonies, TH on views regarding, 297
as representative for Boston, 378n6
Tea Act/tea ships and, 364n2
Whately letters controversy and, 187n4, 216, 227n6, 336n3, 367n1, 480, 481n1
Cushing, William, 443n7, 490n5, 498n1
customs duties
avoidance of, proposed measures against, 58–59
removal of Custom House from Boston, 456–57
rules about declaration, unloading, and payment of duties on cargo, 12, 350, 355n2, 379, 398
customs officers. See also American Board of Customs Commissioners
appointment of J. Temple as surveyor general of customs, 38n7, 56n3, 62
dismissal of J. Temple as surveyor general of customs, 14, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
solicitor of customs, plan for Sewall to combine posts of attorney general and, 86, 88n6
Dalrymple, Capt. William
departure with 11th Regiment from Castle William, 42, 112
effective cooperation with TH, 42n2
letter to (16 Sept. 1773), 279–80
as possible successor to Bernard, 42n2
Whately letters controversy, 279–80
Danforth, Samuel, 50, 51n3, 200, 201n2
Danforth, Thomas, 200, 201n2, 215, 216n3
Dartmouth (tea ship), 12, 350, 354, 362n1, 368n2, 369, 371nn8–9, 375, 386, 396, 398
Dartmouth, Lord (William Legge, 2nd Earl)
“A,” Boston Gazette articles by, 281, 283n2
arrest order for J. Hancock and S. Adams, 477
Boston Tea Party, 271, 381–83, 387n1, 390–91, 394–95, 417, 456–57
British troops, on use of, 420, 461
Catholic priest, Penobscots’ request for, 197–98
circular letter of 2 Feb. 1773 on birth of prince, 203
circular letter of questions for colonial governors, 10, 281, 283n1, 292
circular letter of questions for colonial governors, answers of TH to, 281, 283n1, 292
J. Clarke delivering letters between TH and, 469, 478, 480n1
on closure of port of Boston, 456–57
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 315–16, 462
Council asserting right to copy and print minutes, 394–95
crown salaries for superior court judges and, 6, 96–97, 158, 185, 282, 357, 437–42, 462
crown salary of governor, on General Court’s petition regarding, 67
de Berdt estate, settlement of, 147, 148n2, 204, 205n6
dismissal of petition to remove TH over Whately letters, 432, 455, 473, 482–92
East India Company directors’ letter on Boston Tea Party forwarded to, 387n1, 432
eastern Maine, claim of Massachusetts on, 246, 295n3, 301–11, 316–17
eastern Maine, report on, 68, 90, 105–6
employment sought for WSH via, 258–59, 260, 365, 366, 465–66
England, TH permission to travel to, 212, 222, 226, 246, 257, 323, 342, 356, 363, 440–41, 446
estimate of rateable male polls sent to, 292–93
Eli Forbes letter forwarded to, 284, 311
Fort Pownall, report on, 93–94
B. Franklin and, 200, 206, 215, 216n1, 255, 271, 278, 289, 290n3
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 71, 117, 124–25, 128, 139, 142, 144
General Court, reconvening and prorogation of, 424, 461–62, 485
Hillsborough succeeded by, 3, 68n1, 74, 75, 79, 82, 85, 86–87, 89, 100, 189
Hinsdale, titles to land in, 68, 90, 141
impeachment attempts against P. Oliver, 449–50, 461–62, 463n3
“Junius Americanus” letter addressed to, 320n2
letters from
2 Sept. 1772, 67–69
4 Sept. 1772, 71
9 Dec. 1772, 118–21
6 Jan. 1773, 136–37
3 Feb. 1773, 146–48
3 March 1773, 168
10 April 1773, 195–96
2 June 1773, 208–10
perhaps mid-June 1773, 215–16
4 Aug. 1773 (1), 247–48
4 Aug. 1773 (2), 248–49
17 Aug. 1773, 257
28 Oct. 1773, 323
1 Dec. 1773, 356
early Dec. 1773, 357
8 Jan. 1774, 419–21
5 Feb. 1774, 432
9 March 1774 (1), 455
9 March 1774 (2), 456–57
9 April 1774 (1), 478
9 April 1774 (2), 478–80
letters to
23 Oct. 1772 (1), 89
23 Oct. 1772 (2), 89–91
27 Oct. 1772, 93–94
30 Oct. 1772, 96
3 Nov. 1772, 96–97
13 Nov. 1772, 105–7
26 Nov. 1772, 110–11
22 Dec. 1772, 124–25
30 Dec. 1772, 128–29
7 Jan. 1773, 138–39
22 Jan. 1773, 142–43
1 Feb. 1773, 144–45
22 Feb. 1773, 157–60
9 March 1773, 174–75
20 March 1773, 185–87
17 April 1773, 197–99
25 April 1773, 203–5
1 June 1773, 206–8
early June 1773 (not sent), 210–12
12 June 1773, 213–14
26 June 1773, 221–22
2 July 1773, 227–29
10 July 1773, 234–35
7 Aug. 1773, 250–51
2 Sept. 1773 (not sent), 270
6 Sept. 1773 (not sent), 272–73
16 Sept. 1773, 281–83
1 Oct. 1773, 292–94
8 Oct. 1773, 294–95
9 Oct. 1773, 297–99
no date (not sent), 302–5
16 Oct. 1773 (1), 306–7
16 Oct. 1773 (2), 308–10
16 Oct. 1773 (3), 311
19 Oct. 1773, 315–16
26 Oct. 1773, 316–17
4 Nov. 1773, 327–30
6 Nov. 1773, 330–31
15 Nov. 1773, 342–43
2 Dec. 1773 (1), 358–60
2 Dec. 1773 (2), 361–62
10 Dec. 1773, 374
14 Dec. 1773, 375–78
15 Dec. 1773, 379–80
17 Dec. 1773, 381–82
18 Dec. 1773, 383
20 Dec. 1773, 388–89
21 Dec. 1773, 390–91
24 Dec. 1773, 394–95
4 Jan. 1774, 412–13
6 Jan. 1774, 417
18 Jan. 1774, 424–26
14 Feb. 1774, 437–39
17 Feb. 1774, 439–43
3 March 1774, 446
9 March 1774, 449–50
9 March 1774 (1), 449–50
9 March 1774 (2), 451–52
21 March 1774, 461–64
29 March 1774, 467–68
30 March 1774, 470
4 April 1774, 474–75
25 April 1774, 485
17 May 1774, 499
lieutenant governor, deliberations of TH on replacement for, 451–52, 467–68, 474
as Lord Privy Seal (from 1775), 271
Maine borders with Nova Scotia, 10
J. Malcolm, tarring and feathering of, 424–26
New York, settlement of border dispute with, 186–87, 207, 213–14, 247, 256, 294, 394
Nickerson murder on the high seas, charges in, 203, 209, 250
A. Oliver, informed of death of, 446, 451
opinion of TH on, as replacement for Hillsborough, 74, 86–87, 89, 100, 121
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, debate over, 6, 90–91, 118–20, 125, 136, 137n4, 138, 142, 144, 146–47, 157–58, 168, 169, 174, 185–86, 195–96, 250, 251n1, 255
piracy trial, payment for charges in, 110–11
portrait by Nathaniel Hone (1777), 271
powder and arms, House inquiries about, 462
praise for TH at replacement by Gage, 476, 478–79, 496, 499
private letter on state of province from TH to, 297–99
Province House, repairs to, 89, 158, 282
public opinion on, as secretary of state, 189
rebuking TH for initiating constitutional debate with General Court, 6, 38n6, 168n1, 195–96, 203–4, 205n5, 206–16, 250, 251n1, 255, 269, 271, 278n2
relationship with TH, 195
removal of TH, petition for, 16, 221, 227, 432, 455, 473, 482–92
resignation as secretary of state (1775), 271
separate agents for House and Council, 147, 229, 298
state of province, private comments from TH on, 297–99, 441–42, 499
on taxation of salaries for royal officials, 147, 204
tea trade/Tea Act/tea ships, 13, 94, 327–31, 342, 358–62, 374–80, 412–13, 418, 419–21, 432, 450, 456–57, 461
temporary replacement of TH by Gage, 16–17, 476–81
veto power of governor over Council, when acting as court, 412, 413n1
Wampanoags’ claim to Chappaquiddick, Martha’s Vineyard, 258, 259n1
Whately letters controversy, 221–22, 227–29, 231, 246–51, 257, 281, 289, 294, 311, 320n2, 324, 335, 356, 420, 473
de Berdt, Dennys, death and estate of, 147, 148n2, 204, 205n6, 229, 512, 513n11
de Mon[t]s, Pierre Dugua, 308, 310n1
decens et rectum, 238
Declaratory Act, 4
Delphi, oracle at, 149, 150–51nn8–9
deputy postmaster general for colonies
Franklin’s dismissal as, 14, 428, 432, 464n6, 483n1, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
interest of TH in post of, 212, 226
disease. See health and illness
distilling technology, 200
divorce and remarriage proceedings, 106, 269, 270, 272, 323, 412, 413n1, 509n9
Dockyards etc. Protection Act (1772), 135n6
Dolphin (ship), 363, 365, 366, 367, 369, 388, 396
Dominion of New England, 240, 241n3
Dorchester, Sir Guy Carleton, 1st Baron (governor of Canada), 80, 292, 293, 294n3
Dorchester Committee of Correspondence on Tea Act/tea ships, 368, 375
Draper, J. and Richard (printers), 286, 289n7, 305n7, 389
drinking problem of J. Otis Jr., 102
duces, 514
Duchess of Gordon (ship), 427
Dudingston, Lt. William
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 62, 133
lawsuits over customs seizures by, 66n3, 139n1
Dudley, Joseph (former governor of Massachusetts), 474, 475n6
duel between William Whately and John Temple, 13, 428, 429, 430n1, 471, 472n2, 482, 487–88
Duguid, Capt., 132
Dummer, Jeremiah, 309–10, 310n2
Dunbar, Col. David, 303, 305n7, 305n10, 317n1
Dunning, John, 1st Baron Ashburton, 14, 329, 429, 430n2
Dutch. See Holland
East India Company
closure of port of Boston over Boston Tea Party, 16–17, 456–57
consignees of, 10, 11, 326–33, 460
disposal of tea, uncertainty about, 460
funds of TH in warrants of, 486
lack of popular pity for, 383
letters to directors of
19 March 1774, 460
Tea Act and government efforts to assist, 10, 202n1, 209, 210n1, 341, 384–86 (See also Tea Act)
tea duty, rumors regarding payment of, 328
Eastern Country (east of Penobscot River). See Maine
Eaton, Joshua, 288, 289n7, 312, 313n2
Edes & Gill (printers), 115n1, 176n2, 179, 180nn1–2, 189, 232, 364n3
Effingham, Col. Thomas Howard, Earl of, 31, 43
Eleanor (tea ship), 355n3, 368n2
Erving, Anne, 86
Erving, John, Jr., 55, 56n1, 56n7
ex abundanti cautela, 317
Fair Account, Maseres as possible author of, 411n1
Falkland Islands, Spanish seizure of, 3
Falmouth (now Portland, Maine), 31–32, 424–25, 426n2
Faneuil, Benjamin, Jr., 330, 330n2, 366n2, 369, 384, 386, 448, 449n1, 460
Faneuil, Peter, 330n2
Faneuil Hall, meeting about tea ships in, 368
felix quem facient aliena pericula camtusu, 513, 514n1
felones de se, 445
Fenton, John
dispute with TH, 178–83, 189–90
letter to (11 March 1773), 180
letters from
11 March 1773, 179
12 March 1773, 181
14 March 1773, 181–82
J. Temple, as brother-in-law of, 178
feudal tenure argument against parliamentary authority, 169, 172
First Church, Bolton, Massachusetts, 268n1
Fitzroy, Augustus Henry, 3rd Duke of Grafton, 261, 430n2, 511, 512n6
Fleet, John and Thomas (printers), 193, 268n5, 389
floor cloth requested by TH, 466
Flucker, Thomas
as candidate for lieutenant governor, 55, 56n6, 467, 468n3, 474, 475n5
as candidate for New England Company commissioners, 511
Maine, landholdings in, 54n8, 87, 88n9
Maine, report to Dartmouth on, 90
mentioned in TH correspondence with Bernard, 54
Folger, Mr., 325
Forbes, Eli
Artillery Sermon of, 288n1
Dartmouth, Forbes letter of forwarded to, 284, 311
letter from (26 Sept. 1773), 286–89
letter to (16 Oct. 1773), 312–13
request that TH burn his letters, 288, 311
Some Short Account of the Life and Character of the Reverend Joshua Eaton of Spencer (1773), 288, 289n7, 311, 312n2
Whately letters controversy and, 286–89, 311–12
Forbes, Lucy Baldwin, 289n9
Fort Pentagoet, Maine, 303, 305n4
Fort Pownall, Maine, disrepair of, 93–94
Fortune (ship), 450n4
France
Acadia and Nova Scotia, British conquest of, 249, 302–3, 306, 308, 309
rumors of war with, 377
Fran[c]klin, Michael (lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia), 62n3, 93
Franklin, Benjamin
censure from House, defending against, 242, 243n3
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 313, 315, 315n1, 443n1
T. Cushing and, 165n4, 200, 201n1, 241, 242n4, 278n2, 290n2, 324, 336n3
Dartmouth and, 200, 206, 215, 216n1, 255, 271, 278, 289, 290n3
deputy postmaster general for colonies, dismissal as, 14, 428, 432, 464n6, 483n1, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
Michael Francklin mistaken for, 62
Grand Ohio Company, as investor in, 47n3
history of Pennsylvania attributed by TH to, 242, 243n3
insurrection and disturbance, warning against, 200, 201n1
A. Lee acting as House agent in absence of, 470
letter to House obtained by TH, 313, 315, 315n1
loss of deputy postmaster general job, 14
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, debate over, 255n7
petition of General Council to remove TH and Andrew Oliver, hearing on, 14, 16, 421n2, 428, 432
petition of House to king protesting crown salaries for judges and, 184, 185, 187n1, 206
portrait by David Martin (1767), 291
private letters read in House, as means of radical discussion, 439, 443nn1–2
private mail service, proposal for, 464n6
Privy Council’s rough treatment of, 14, 16
publication of notice that he alone transmitted Whately letters to Boston, 428, 429, 430n1, 481n2
rebuke of TH by Dartmouth communicated to, 278n2
relationship with TH, 484
remonstrance on crown salaries delivered to king by, 2, 6, 27, 53, 59
separate agent of House, salary grant and, 31, 33, 38, 39n10, 40–41, 229, 298, 464n5, 484
W. Story, letter of recommendation from T. Cushing for, 165n4
tea duty, hoping for repeal of, 201n1
tea ships, relations involved in controversy over, 364n1
Whately letters controversy and, 7–9, 13–14, 187n4, 216, 227n6, 242, 243n4, 254n3, 280n5, 290nn1–3, 320n5, 324, 336n3, 349n1, 366, 372, 428, 429, 430n1, 472n2, 480, 481nn1–2
W. Whately’s chancery suit against, 13, 472n2
Frazier, Nathan, 396
French language, use of, 49, 179, 285, 471
“A Friend to the Community” article, 178–83, 189–90
Frone, Mr., 480
Gage, Thomas
arrival to relieve TH, 493
William Browne as superior court judge under, 452n1, 468n1
Castle William, shortage of funding and staff for, 75–76, 80
Dartmouth’s order to arrest J. Hancock and S. Adams, 477
dismissal of petition to remove TH, 429, 482, 484
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 79, 127
Hillsborough, resignation of, 75, 79, 83, 85
letters from
5 Oct. 1772, 79–80
21 Oct. 1772, 85
2 Feb. 1774, 429
letters to
24 Sept. 1772, 75–76
12 Oct. 1772, 83–84
28 Dec. 1772, 127–28
7 March 1773, 171–72
7 Sept. 1773, 275–76
24 April 1774, 484
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 171–72
J. Phillips’s appointment as Fort Major of Castle William, 75, 79, 83, 84, 112, 127
portrait by John Singleton Copley (c. 1768), 477
Salem, raid for contraband weapons in (1775), 113n2
on Tea Act, tea ships, and Boston Tea Party, 430
temporarily replacing TH as governor, 16–17, 476–81, 496
Whately letters controversy, 275–76, 429, 484
Gambier, James
introducing TH’s son to, 61
letter to unknown addressee of 27 Oct. 1773 possibly intended for, 321n8
letters to
29 Aug. 1772, 61–63
19 Feb. 1773, 153–54
2 Aug. 1773, 242–43
2 Jan. 1774, 407
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 153–54
on J. Phillips’s appointment as Fort Major of Castle William, 75
on successor to A. Oliver, 55
Tea Act, tea ships, and Boston Tea Party, 407
Whately letters controversy, 242–43
Gambier, Jenny (goddaughter of TH), 154
Gambier, Mrs. (wife), and Gambier children, 62, 154
Gaspée (ship)
Dockyards etc. Protection Act (1772), 135n6
expenses of commissioners investigating, 489, 490n10
Henry VIII (king of England), applicability of treason statute of, 116, 133, 135n5
responses to destruction of, 3, 57–73, 79
Rhode Island authorities’ handling of, 116, 117, 127, 132–33, 134n3, 135nn5, 7
royal commission of inquiry on, 3, 71, 116–30, 132–33, 135n5, 142, 143n1, 144, 490nn9–10
General Court. See also Council; House of Representatives; parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies
beliefs of TH about cooperation of, 27, 29n2
border dispute with New York and, 142n5, 223
Boston, return to meeting in, 2, 27, 47
Boston Committee of Correspondence, defending constitutionality of, 15
closing messages of TH to, 144, 194n2
crown salaries for superior court judges and, 15, 102, 158, 206, 215, 462, 464n5
disenfranchisement of towns acting beyond their jurisdiction, TH proposing, 377
dismissal of petition to remove TH over Whately letters, 428–34, 455, 482–92, 493
eastern Maine, settlements in, 27, 28, 30, 54n10, 69n6, 87, 128
governor’s crown salary, denunciation of, 2, 27–42, 53, 67
impeachment efforts against chief justice Peter Oliver, 15–16, 447–57, 461, 463n3, 492
January-March session (1773), 5, 131, 169, 174, 182
January-March session (1774), 15–16, 282, 424, 426n1, 435, 437, 438n1, 447, 449, 461–62, 471
May elections (1773), 207, 208nn2–3, 282
May elections (1774), 494
May-July session (1772), 2
May-July session (1773), 8, 199, 206, 227
May-July session (1774), 485
multiple sessions, objections to, 35, 37, 38n8
new printing of laws vetoed by TH, 185
opening messages of TH to, 5, 131–43, 424, 426n1, 437, 438n1
Province House, refusal to grant funds for repair of, 30, 32n3, 35, 41, 67, 68n4, 89, 158–59, 160n5, 282
remonstrance on crown salaries sent to king by, 2, 6, 27, 52, 58, 206, 215
removal of TH and A. Oliver, petition for, 14–15, 16, 221, 222n1, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232–45, 255–56, 428–34
royal instructions of 1771, resistance to, 30, 32n2
royal order disallowing sitting of committees during recess, 15
salaries of government officials, failures to provide for, 1, 95
salaries offered to superior court judges by, 15, 102, 158, 206
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 31, 33, 38, 39n10, 40–41, 48n2, 147, 148n2, 229, 298, 464n5, 484
Superior Court, vote to postpone meeting of, 438, 439n4
veto of elected members by TH, 207, 208n3
Whately letters controversy and, 7–8
George I (king of England), 61n5
George III (king of England)
on Boston Tea Party, 456–57, 494n1
circular letter of Lord Dartmouth on birth of prince, 203
committees of correspondence, disapprobation of, 323, 412, 413n2, 424, 426n1
conduct of TH, approbation of, 478, 479
England, TH seeking/receiving permission to travel to, 342, 370
General Court’s petition to, for removal of TH and A. Oliver, 8, 14–15, 16, 221, 222n1, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232–45, 255–56
House’s petition to king protesting crown salaries for superior court judges, 2, 6, 184, 185, 187n1, 206, 215
Massachusetts Spy, letter to the king printed by, 76–77, 87, 164, 165n2
New York, settlement of border dispute with, 247
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, approbation of TH’s handling of debate on, 136, 186, 187n5
remonstrance on crown salaries sent by General Court to, 2, 6, 27, 52, 58, 206, 215
Whately letters controversy, TH hoping for disapprobation of, 244, 253, 356
Goddard, William, 464n7
J. Bernard and, 86, 88n3, 274, 275n1, 494n4
on conditions in Maine, 87, 105, 106, 107n1
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 106, 107n5
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of, 261, 430n2, 511, 512n6
grand juries
Boston Tea Party, grand jurors of Boston involved in, 440
Worcester, refusal of grand jurors to serve at, 498
Gray, Harrison, 208n2, 252n2, 259n2
Great Controversy. See parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies
Green, Mr. (friend of TH), 410
Greenleaf, Joseph, 102, 103n3, 115n1
Greenleaf, Stephen, 352n3
Greenough, John, 411, 412, 413n3
Grenville, George, 7, 216, 510, 512n1, 512n3
Griffin’s Wharf
Boston Tea Party at, 12, 381, 399, 405
tea ships tied up at, 12, 350, 368
Griswold, Matthew, 513n9
Guilford, 2nd Earl of. See North, Lord
Gustav III (king of Sweden), 85n1
Halifax
arrival of troops from, 42, 233
elimination of vice-admiralty court in, TH on, 102–3
forwarding of letters for, 460, 464
residence during winter season, undesirability of, 93
salary of governor of, 296
Hall, Capt. James
delivering letter from Dartmouth to TH, 478
tea ship Dartmouth and, 12, 350, 352, 355n1, 369, 370, 371n8, 375, 396, 398, 417
Hallowell, Robert, letter to TH from Richard Harrison and (4 Jan. 1774), 415
Hancock, John
Boston, General Court returning to meeting in, 2
as commander of Company of Cadets, 355n4, 472n5
Dartmouth’s arrest order for, 477
at funeral of A. Oliver, 472n5
New York, border dispute with, 7
as representative for Boston, 378n6
as selectman of Boston, 378n6
Stamp Act riots, commemoration of (14 Aug.), 273n2, 277
Tea Act/tea ships and, 352, 355n4, 363–64, 398
William Turner Sr. and, 418, 419n3
Whately letters controversy and, 8, 234n2, 254n3, 280n4, 300, 319, 320n3
Harrison, Joseph, 51n4
Harrison, Richard Acklom
as collector of customs, 51n4
letter to TH from Robert Hallowell and (4 Jan. 1774), 415
letters delivered by, 53
oath of allegiance and supremacy administered to, 50
Harvard College, commencement at, 179
Hawley, Gideon, 402
Hawley, Maj. Joseph
New York, border dispute with, 7
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 143, 160, 175
resolutions denouncing TH’s acceptance of crown salary drafted by, 2, 27
Whately letters controversy and, 254n2, 280n2
Hayley (ship), 396
health and illness
anal fistula suffered by TH Jr., 82
Apthorps, death at sea of, 62, 63n6
bad cold suffered by WSH, 73
bilious colic/disorder, 149, 150n5, 440
fever, death of T. Whately from, 50
horse, P. Oliver’s fall from, 513, 514n2
ipecac to induce vomiting, 81
W. Logan, sickness of, 449
lung disorder of J. Dunning, 430n2
measles, TH’s grandchildren suffering from, 123
mental instability of J. Otis Jr., 102
A. Oliver, death of, 16, 435, 444, 448, 452, 453, 459, 464, 471, 483, 487
A. Oliver, poor health of, 55, 189, 433, 440–41, 444, 445
Mary Sanford Oliver, illness and death of, 189
P. Oliver on illness suffered by TH, 149–51
smallpox, 130, 440, 443n7, 467
Margaret Spooner, illness and death of, 81, 189
stroke, recovery of F. Bernard from, 50, 53, 54n2
E. Trowbridge’s illness and infirmity limiting attendance at Superior Court, 440, 443n7
Henderson, Joseph, 387n3
Henry VIII (king of England)
murder and piracy on high seas, statute allowing for transportation to England for trial on, 203, 205n4, 209
treason statute of, 116, 133, 135n5
Hewes [Hughes], George Robert Twelves, 423, 425, 426n3
hic labor hic opus, 188
Hillsborough, Lord
American trees/shrubs, offer of TH to supply, 92
on Castle William, 113
Charter, threats to remove, 38n2
crown salaries, for attorney and solicitor general, 495
crown salaries, for superior court judges, 48–49, 65, 69, 102, 278n2, 495
crown salaries, objections of General Court to, 30, 31, 47
Dartmouth as successor to, 3, 68n1, 74, 75, 79, 82, 85, 86–87, 89, 100, 189
divorce cases, on court proceedings of governor and council in, 106, 107n6, 270n1
eastern Maine, inspection of timber in, 28
eastern Maine, unauthorized settlement in, 30
exchange of troops of Castle Garrison, 42
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 69–70, 135n5
Hinsdale, titles to land in, 2, 30–31, 43–46, 141n2
letter from (7 Aug. 1772), 47–48
letters to
2 July 1772, 28–29
15 July 1772, 30–33
28 July 1772, 42
31 July 1772, 43–46
30 Aug. 1772, 65
4 Sept. 1772, 69–71
1 Oct. 1772, 76–77
23 Oct. 1772, 92
2 July 1773, 230
17 Sept. 1773, 285
Capt. Linzee recommended to, 69–70
New Hampshire, proposal to annex to Massachusetts, 54
newspapers publishing seditious material sent to, 76–77
Ohio River Valley, opposition to new colony in, 3, 46, 47n3, 74
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, debate over, 195, 226
as patron of TH, 3, 61, 74, 92, 121, 283n2
Province House, disrepair of, 30
reduction in number of superior court judges, proposal for, 69
resignation as secretary of state, 3, 46, 74–94, 100
on separate agents for House and Council, 148n2
son of TH introduced by Gambier to, 61
W. Story and, 57n12, 164, 165n3
Whately letters controversy and, 229n3, 230, 285
Hinsdale
border dispute with New York and titles to land in, 2, 30–31, 43–57, 68, 90, 141, 392
Tryon, grants made by, 31, 43, 44, 68, 69n5
History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (TH, 1778), 1, 8, 249n1, 307n1, 310n2
HMS vessels. See specific names of ships, e.g., Gaspée
Holland
New York, Dutch possession of, 316–17
tea imported from, 58–59, 72–73, 94, 167, 328, 408, 441
Hone, Nathaniel, portrait of Lord Dartmouth by (1777), 271
Hood, Mrs. (wife), and son, 332, 459
Hood, Commodore Samuel
Catherington, Hampshire, home at, 459
discussion of letters of, in Privy Council hearing on petition to remove TH and A. Oliver, 429
England, arrival in, 332
Gambier and, 242
letter from (after 6 Nov. 1773), 332–33
letters to
2 Sept. 1772, 66
12 March 1774, 459
trial charge paid by, 110
Hood, Rev. Samuel (father), 332, 333n3
Hope (ship), 469
Hopkins, Stephen
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 3, 134n3
The Rights of the Colonies Examined (1765), 118n1
Horace, Epistles, 239n3, 341n3
horse, P. Oliver’s fall from, 513, 514n2
Horsmanden, Daniel, 127, 128n2, 234n1
Housatonic? (Mokockhonnock) nation and border dispute with New York, 247
House of Commons
Lord Barrington verbally attacked by Edmund Burke in, 332, 333n2
factionalism in, 510
House of Representatives, analogy with, 15
House of Lords
Council, analogy with, 15
Dissenters’ bill before, 51n5
factionalism in, 510
House of Representatives. See also parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies
beliefs of TH about cooperation of, 27, 29n2
crown salaries, demanding judges’ rejection of, 435, 437–38
crown salaries of superior court for judges, petition to king protesting, 2, 6, 184, 185, 187n1, 206, 215
crown salaries for superior court judges, voting on grant of, 464n5
crown salary of governor, message to Council on, 31, 89–90
House of Commons, analogy with, 15
impeachment efforts against chief justice Peter Oliver, 15–16, 443n3, 444, 447–57, 461, 463n3, 492
A. Lee as agent of, in absence of Franklin, 470
P. Oliver on, as source of TH’s ill health, 149, 150n5
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 5, 142, 143–51, 143n2, 152, 169–78, 269, 270
powder and arms, inquiries concerning supply of, 462, 464n4
private letters read in session of, as means of radical discussion in, 439, 443nn1–2
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 31, 33, 38, 39n10, 40–41, 48n2, 147, 148n2, 229, 298, 464n5, 484
Howard, Henry, 12th Earl of Suffolk, 510, 512n1
Howard, Col. Thomas, Earl of Effingham, 31, 43
Hubbard, Thomas, 208n2
Hughes [Hewes], George Robert Twelves, 423, 425, 426n3
Hunt, Jonathan, and Hinsdale, 49, 50n4
hurricane, Antigua estates of T. Oliver damaged by, 109
Hutchinson, Elisha (son, EH in this text)
concerns of TH about future of, 486
departure from Boston for England with TH, 17, 434n1
England, possibility of accompanying father to, 423, 433
letters to
30 Nov. 1773, 352
27 Jan. 1774, 423
6 Feb. 1774, 433–34
marriage of, 29, 30n1, 98, 390n3
in Middleborough with Peter Oliver, 423n1, 434n2, 448, 460, 489, 490n1
Plymouth in-laws of, 390n3
as tea trade consignee, 327, 330, 330n2, 344, 345, 352, 358, 369, 384–86, 434n2, 452, 460, 466, 489, 490n1
visiting father-in-law George Watson, 490n1
Hutchinson, Foster (brother)
crown salary controversy and fears for safety of family, 440, 443n6
as executor to Hugh Hall, 465
as probate judge, 167n3
salary as associate justice, 4, 41
serving as superior court justice, 498n1
Hutchinson, John Hely, 61n6
Hutchinson, Margaret (Peggy; daughter)
departure from Boston with TH, 17
greetings sent to wife and daughter of William Tryon by, 421, 422n2
greetings sent to wife and daughters of William Smith by, 224
intent of TH to travel to England with, 452
living with TH, 30n1
measles suffered by grandchildren of TH and, 123
mentioned by TH, 98
writing to WSH, 29
Hutchinson, Margaret Sanford (wife), 98n2
Hutchinson, Mary (Polly) Watson (wife of EH), 29, 30n1, 490n1
Hutchinson, Sarah, later Oliver (Sally; daughter of TH, wife of Peter Oliver Jr.), 123, 124n1, 449n1
Hutchinson, Sarah Oliver (Sally; daughter of Andrew Oliver, wife of TH Jr.), 123, 124n1, 454n2
Hutchinson, Thomas (TH in this text), 1–17
America, fondness for, 320
Boston Tea Party, 12–13, 381–92 (See also Boston Tea Party)
Boston town meeting, disagreements with, 6–7
calendar of correspondence (July 1772–May 1774), 515–73
at Castle William prior to departure from Boston, 17, 347, 493, 497
children, desire to provide equally for, 202, 433
chronology (July 1772–June 1774), 19–24
circular letter from Lord Dartmouth with queries for colonial governors, answers to, 500–514
commission as governor, 511, 512n5
concerns about future of tea-consignee sons, 486
concerns about WSH, 10, 29, 98, 126, 201, 202, 260–61, 292, 296, 452–53 (See also Hutchinson, William Sanford)
Continental Congress, fears regarding new establishment of, 10, 262–68, 281–82, 313–16, 443n1, 458
crown salaries, failure to appreciate objections to, 1–2, 95 (See also crown salaries)
Dartmouth, relationship with, 195
on Dartmouth as replacement for Hillsborough, 74, 86–87, 89, 100, 121
departure from Boston for England, 16–17, 493–99
dietary overindulgence of, P. Oliver on, 149–51
dismissal of petition to remove, over Whately letters, 428–34, 455, 482–92, 493
eastern Maine, issues with, 10 (See also Maine)
employment and finances post-governorship, concerns about, 220, 223, 225–26, 231, 290
England, possible travel to, 11, 16–17, 175, 212, 222, 226, 246, 257, 323, 324, 341, 356, 363, 365, 367, 370, 392, 416, 422–23, 427, 433, 435, 440–41, 444, 445, 446, 448, 452, 458, 459, 464, 469, 476–81, 483, 484, 486, 491
exercise and amusements, on lack of time for, 153
farewell addresses to, 17
J. Fenton, dispute with, 178–83, 189–90
floor cloth requested by, 466
funds available to, 486
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 3 (See also Gaspée)
handwriting of, 135n10, 241n5, 241n7, 399n4, 409n5, 509n11
Hillsborough as patron of, 3, 61, 74, 92, 121, 283n2
Hillsborough’s resignation as secretary of state, 3, 46, 74–94
Hinsdale, on titles to land in, 2, 30–31, 43–57 (See also Hinsdale)
History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (1778), 1, 8, 249n1, 307n1, 310n2
illness of, P. Oliver on, 149–51
impeachment of chief justice, efforts to block, 15–16, 443n3, 447–57, 461–62, 463n3, 464
on independence of colonies, 1, 5, 10, 60, 122, 131, 265, 320
lieutenant governorship, deliberations regarding, 16, 55–56, 451–52, 458, 467–68, 474, 480
Milton, country house in, 12, 290, 330
multiple sessions of legislature, objections to, 35, 37, 38n8
New York, settlement of border dispute with, 7 (See also New York, border dispute with)
New York governorship, interest in, 486
Original Papers (1769), 511, 513n8
on parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 4–6, 131 (See also parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies)
personal code used by, 362n3
portrait of by Edward Truman (1741), iv
privacy of letters, efforts to ensure, 186, 187n4, 217, 348–49, 417
probate judge, previous employment as, 166, 167n3
public opinion, efforts to influence, 34n1, 73
rebuked by Lord Dartmouth, 6, 38n6, 168n1, 195–96, 203–4, 205n5, 206–16, 250, 251n1, 255, 269, 271, 278n2
on religious toleration, 58, 108
removal of, General Court petition for, 14–15, 16, 221, 222n1, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232–45, 255–56
removal of, Whately letters controversy designed to bring about, 217–18, 223, 236, 239
resignation considered by, 6, 211–12, 220, 223, 225–26, 234
seasickness, proneness to, 427
separate agents for House and Council, refusing grants for, 31, 33, 38, 39n10, 40–41, 48n2, 147, 148n2, 229, 298, 464n5, 484
Stamp Act riots, looting of TH’s house in, 303, 305n5, 421, 422n1
state of province, private comments to Dartmouth on, 297–99, 441–42
superior court judges, efforts to augment salaries of, 3–4, 41, 53, 102, 103, 252
Tea Act, popular opposition to, 10–13 (See also Tea Act)
tea trade, involvement of sons and, in, 72, 167, 202, 327, 330n2, 344, 345, 384
temporary replacement by Gage, 16–17, 476–81
Whately letters controversy, 7–10 (See also Whately letters controversy)
as “The Wicked Statesman or Traitor to His Country in the Hour of Death” (1774), 406
Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr. (Tommy, son; TH Jr. in this text)
anal fistula suffered by, 82
Castle William, taking refuge with other tea consignees in, 366
concerns of TH about future of, 486
judicial appointment of, 259
marriage and children, 124n1
measles suffered by children of, 123
New England Company, TH seeking treasurer position for son at, 453–54, 471
A. Oliver, as executor for, 453, 454n2, 488n4
staying with TH in Milton, 448, 460, 489, 490n2
as tea trade consignee, 327, 330, 330n2, 344, 345, 358, 369, 384–86, 452, 460, 466, 471, 489, 490n2
Hutchinson, Thomas, III (grandson), 124n1
Hutchinson, William Sanford (Billy, son; WSH in this text)
bad cold suffered by, 73
F. Bernard mentioning, 87
concerns of TH regarding, 10, 29, 98, 126, 201, 202, 260–61, 292, 296, 452–53
Edinburgh, studying in, 29, 30n2, 82, 98, 202n2, 258, 260, 434n1
employment sought for/by, 254, 258–61, 265, 296, 365, 370, 465–66, 491, 492
expenses of/need to provide for, 201, 202, 230, 258, 292, 365, 370, 433, 491
failure to write, chided by TH for, 98, 126, 189, 201, 260, 296, 365, 491
handwriting of, TH’s complaint about, 261
letters to
4 July 1772, 29–30
3 Nov. 1772, 98
22 Dec. 1772, 126
23 March 1773, 189
20 April 1773, 201–2
21 Aug. 1773, 260–61
8 Oct. 1773, 296
7 Dec. 1773, 365–66
9 March 1774, 452–53
30 April 1774, 491
London, TH on prolonged stay in, 201, 202, 261, 296, 365, 370, 434n1, 452–53, 465–66
merchant, lack of disposition as, 258, 260, 365
A. Oliver mentioning, 51
W. Palmer and, 73
as possible private secretary to TH, 296, 365
travel plans of, 201, 202, 261, 296, 365, 370, 452–53
Whately letters controversy and, 295
idis rebus nunquam per bella peribus, 149, 151n9
illness. See health and illness
independence of colonies
S. Adams’s purported views on, 262
Gage on talk in London about, 430
TH on, 1, 5, 10, 60, 122, 131, 265, 320, 441–42
A. Lee letter as evidence of confederacy regarding, 470
private letter on state of province from TH to Dartmouth regarding, 297–99
Indians. See Native Americans
Ingersol, David, Jr., 130, 157n1, 191n1
intercolonial congress. See Continental Congress
Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts), 477
ipecac taken to induce vomiting, 82
Ireland
American colonies compared, 254
British troops sent to America from, 233
supreme legislative authority in, 60
“Irish,” derogatory use of, 193, 194n1
Iroquois, TH providing information to W. Robertson on, 402
Jackson, Richard
death of A. Oliver, 453
eastern Maine, lands in, 220
employment sought for WSH via, 254, 261, 296
letter to unknown addressee of 27 Oct. 1773 possibly addressed to, 321n8
letters to
8 Dec. 1772, 115
23 Feb. 1773, 161
21 June 1773, 219–20
12 Aug. 1773, 252–55
2 Jan. 1774, 408–9
9 March 1774, 453–54
New England Company, TH seeking treasurer position for son at, 453–54
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 161, 188n1, 219–20, 252, 253–54
Tea Act, tea ships, and Boston Tea Party, 408–9
Votes and Proceedings (1772) sent to, 4, 115
Whately letters controversy, 251–52
Jamaica, Spanish cession of, 316
Jeffries, David, 387n2
Johnson, Mr., 93
Johnson, Sir William, 47n3, 402n2
Johnson, William Samuel, 262, 263, 264, 264n3
Johonnot, Gabriel, 387n3
“Junius Americanus,” letters from, 55, 56n9, 57n12, 319, 320n2
jure/jus post limini, 249, 303, 306, 308, 316
jury, refusal to serve on, due to crown salaries of superior court for judges, 272, 273n3, 277
justice system. See also admiralty court; counterfeiting; Superior Court; superior court judges
Boston Tea Party, grand jurors of Boston involved in, 440
Council acting as court, veto power of governor over, 106, 110, 147, 269, 270, 323, 412, 413n1, 503, 509n9
crimes committed against laws of New York outside boundaries of state, right to try, 191, 192n2, 207, 213, 247
divorce and remarriage proceedings, 106, 269, 270, 272, 323
fees of lawyers and sheriffs in actions at law, combinations against payment of, 441
Gaspée (ship), royal commission of inquiry on, 116–30
Nickerson case (piracy/murder on the high seas), 110–11, 123, 124n2, 147, 148n3, 203, 209, 250, 251n2
payment of charges, conflict over, 110
probate judge for Essex, W. Story seeking job as, 164, 166
wills and administrations, court cases involving, 323, 412, 413n1
Worcester, refusal of grand jurors to serve at, 498
Keeler, Capt. Robert, 118n1
King William’s War, 304n4
Kingfisher (ship), 375, 460, 464
Kirkland, Samuel, 402n2
Labaree, Benjamin, 348n1
Lane, Mr./Lane, Son & Frazier, 86, 88n2, 103, 365
Latin, use of, 53, 70, 82, 102, 106, 133, 135, 140n6, 149, 188, 219, 238, 239, 249, 254, 299, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308, 316, 317, 320, 321, 340, 347, 357, 400, 445, 513, 514. See also specific Latin terms and phrases
Laurie (ship), 124
Legge, William, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth. See Dartmouth, Lord
Leslie, Col. Alexander
Castle William, command of garrison at, 112, 113n2
lieutenant governorship proposed to, 451
Salem, raid for contraband weapons in (1775), 113n2
tea consignees received at Castle William by, 359, 370
tea ships, order to prevent departure of, 375, 386, 399
Letters Sent to Great Britain (printed version of Whately letters, 1773), 8–9, 225, 232–45, 252–53, 279–80, 284, 288n3, 322n5
Liberty men/Liberty people. See Sons of Liberty
Liberty riot (1768), 51n7, 373n3
Liberty Tree, 11, 22, 326, 329, 330n3, 344, 367, 384, 397
lieutenant governorship. See also Oliver, Andrew
deliberations of TH regarding, 16, 55–56, 451–52, 458, 467–68, 474, 480
salary for, 55, 56n4, 474, 475n3
line of peace between New York and Massachusetts, 156, 157n3
Linzee, Capt. Robert, 64n3, 66, 68–69
livery companies (craft guilds) of London, 97, 161
Livingston, Janet, later Smith, 224
Livingston, Robert R., 182, 183n1
Livius, Peter
account of TH regarding, 99–100
boasting of intimacy with TH, 113
conflict with J. Wentworth, 65n4, 99, 100, 101n1, 113–14, 321–22
financial troubles of, 99–100
letter from (3 Aug. 1772), 46–47
letter of introduction to WSH from TH, 114n1
letter of introduction to J. Pownall provided by TH, 65n4, 100
New Hampshire, information about, 64
newspaper article on, 100, 101n7
political views of, J. Wentworth on, 113–14
Lloyd, Henry, 72–73
Locke, John
bust in Franklin portrait, 291
A Letter on Toleration (1689), 58
Logan, Walter, 449
London
independence of colonies, Gage on talk about in, 430
livery companies (craft guilds) in, 97, 161
objections of TH to prolonged stay of WSH in, 201, 202, 261, 296, 365, 370, 434n1
printers’ crisis (1771), 104n3
reconsideration by TH of prolonged stay of WSH in, 452–53, 465–66
London Chronicle, 13, 430n1, 472n2
London Public Advertiser, 13, 14, 57n12, 320n2, 428, 430n1
London St. James Chronicle, 77n1
Lords of Trade, 156, 192, 207, 308–9
Loring, Joseph, 370, 371n7, 382, 415
“E. Ludlow” letter, 178–83, 189–90
lumber. See timber
Lyman, Isaac, letter to (16 July 1773), 237–38
Lyttleton, George, 5th Baron Lyttleton, 510, 512n2
Mackay, Col. Alexander
departure of, 42n2
letter to (23 Feb. 1773), 161–62
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 161–62
Mackensy, Andrew, 396
mail. See post/post office
Maine (Sagadahoc; Eastern Country; country east of Penobscot River)
claim of Massachusetts to, 91n2, 105–6, 107n3, 246, 248–49, 295n3, 301–11, 316–17, 508n1
Dartmouth requesting report on, 68, 90, 105–6
early settlement in, 303–4, 305n7, 305n10
Fort Pownall, disrepair of, 93–94
French temporarily taking Pemaquid, 308
garrison at Port Royal, early establishment of, 306
hemp, grant to raise, 306, 309
illegal lumbering of royally reserved timber in, 10, 105, 107n2, 136, 306–7, 309
incorporation into Massachusetts, 240, 241n4
R. Jackson’s lands in, 220
proposal to remove eastern Maine from Massachusetts control, 105–6, 136, 137n5, 240
proposal to trade eastern Maine for Connecticut River Valley territory, 10, 49, 50n2, 53
Quebec and Maine, proposal for new road between, 292, 293, 328
representative sent to London to confirm grants to people settled in Eastern Country, 128
responsibility of Massachusetts to defend Port Royal and Pemaquid, 303, 304n3
royal reservation of mast trees in, 10, 248, 249n1, 302–3, 306, 309
surveyor of king’s woods, problems faced by, 28, 136, 137n6
unrestricted settlement in Eastern Country, 27, 28, 30, 54n10, 69n6, 87, 105–6, 274, 509n6
Whately letters controversy, response to, 240
Malcolm, John, tarring and feathering of, 15, 424–27
Mansfield, Lord, 51
Mapewontaquash (unidentified), 513, 514n3
Marblehead adapting Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 146, 148n1, 153
Marshall, Thomas, 378n6
Martin, David, portrait of Franklin by (1767), 291
Maryland, committees of correspondence in, 463
Maseres, Francis
letter to (3 Jan. 1774), 410–11
Tea Act, colonial opposition to, 410
tracts composed by, 410, 411nn1–2
Massachusetts. See also Charter; General Court; New York, border dispute with; specific towns
Acadia (modern New Brunswick), as part of/separation from, 241n4, 249n2, 302–4, 308
agriculture and manufacturing, questions and answers about, 505
boundaries/boundary disputes, questions and answers about, 501
Catholics entering province, law on, 197–98
civil offices in, questions and answers about, 507–8
constitution of government, questions and answers about, 503
corporations, law designating towns as, 162, 171
geography, soil, and climate, questions and answers about, 500
Maine, claim to, 91n2, 105–6, 107n3, 246, 248–49, 295n3, 316–17, 508n1
mines, questions and answers about, 505
murder on the high seas, law on jurisdiction over, 209, 210n4
New Hampshire, boundary dispute with, 501, 508n3
new printing of laws vetoed by TH, 185
Nova Scotia, as part of/separation from, 240, 241n4, 249n2, 302–4, 306, 308
old stone wall, government compared to, 410
population of, Black and white, 505–6
Port Royal and Pemaquid in Maine, responsibility to defend, 303, 304n3
private comments on state of province from TH to Dartmouth, 297–99, 441–42, 499
proposal to annex New Hampshire, 54
proposal to remove eastern Maine from control of, 105–6, 136, 137n5, 301–11
revenue and expenses, questions and answers about, 507
rivers and harbors of, questions and answers about, 502–3
size and extent, questions and answers about, 501–2
territory west of Great Lakes, claim to, 223, 224n4
trade and commerce, questions and answers about, 503–4
trade restraints with colonies acknowledging authority of Parliament proposed by TH, 176
Massachusetts Banishment Act (1778), 419nn2–3
Massachusetts Gazette, 47
Massachusetts Spy
on duel between W. Whately and J. Temple, 472n22
A. Oliver and W. Molineux, report on exchange between, 273n3
Plymouth corresponding letter in, 389
seditious material published in, 76–77, 121n2, 164, 165n2
I. Thomas as printer of, 406
Mauduit, Israel
Boston Tea Party, 397–99
clergy, dismissals of, in New England, 267
on factions in British politics, 510–11
as leading Dissenter in London, 52n5, 60n1
letters to
11 April 1770, 510–13
27 Aug. 1772, 58–61
20 Feb. 1773, 154–55
23 Aug. 1773, 266–68
29 Sept. 1773, 289–90
7 Dec. 1773, 366–67
28 Dec. 1773, 397–99
31 March 1774, 471–72
on New England Company commissioners, 511, 513n9
A. Oliver, corresponding with, 50
Original Papers (1769) by TH sent to, 511, 513n8
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 154–55, 256–67
petition of General Council to remove TH and Andrew Oliver, hearings on, 14
Tea Act/tea ships, 366
A. Wedderburn requested to defend TH before Privy Council by, 483n1
Whately letters controversy, 266–67, 289–90, 366, 471, 483n1
measles, TH’s grandchildren suffering from, 123
medical issues. See health and illness
mental instability of J. Otis Jr., 102
Mercury (ship), 117, 118n1, 457
Meserve, George, 114
Middleborough
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 123, 124n4
EH staying with Peter Oliver in, 423n1, 434n2, 448, 460, 489, 490n1
Mifflin, Thomas, 10, 326, 329n1, 409n2
military. See British troops; Castle William; Royal Navy
militia
Company of Cadets, 355n4, 472n5
questions of Lord Dartmouth/answers of TH about, 506
Salem, militia affairs at, 486
Milton
cherries and strawberries in season at, 29
country house of TH in, 12, 290, 330, 381, 382, 388, 398, 448, 466, 469
EH and new wife at, 29
TH Jr. staying with TH in, 448, 460, 489, 490n2
Minerva (passenger ship), 17
mines and mining in Massachusetts, 505
mittimus, 109
Moffat, Thomas, 7, 227n3, 275n1, 333
Mokockhonnock (Housatonic?) nation and border dispute with New York, 247
Molineux, William
on Boston Committee of Correspondence, 102, 103n3
jury, refusal to serve on, in crown salaries controversy, 272, 273n3, 277
possibly mentioned in letter to F. Maseres, 411n3
tea consignees, efforts to force resignation of, 11, 326, 344, 387n3, 399n1
Montagu, Capt., 464
Montagu, Edward (brother of Admiral Montagu and cousin of Lord Sandwich)
correspondence with Admiral Montagu, 400
crown salaries for judges, 492
dismissal of petition to remove TH, 492
letters to
27 Oct. 1773, 319–20
28 Dec. 1773, 400–401
20 April 1774, 491–92
P. Oliver, efforts to impeach, 492
Tea Act, tea ships, and Boston Tea Party, 400–401
Whately letters controversy, 319, 492
Montagu, John, 4th Earl of Sandwich. See Sandwich, Lord
Montagu, Admiral John (cousin of Edward Montagu and Lord Sandwich)
blocking Boston Harbor to stop tea ships leaving, 368, 375, 379, 386, 399, 409
on Boston Tea Party, 392
correspondence with Edward Montagu, 400
escort for tea ships, Tryon of New York requesting, 337, 339
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 66, 116, 117, 132, 133, 142, 144
Hillsborough, awaiting official notice of resignation of, 82, 83
letter for J. Hall, captain of Dartmouth, to, 398
Capt. Linzee, on lawsuits against, 70
piracy trial, responsibility for charges in, 110
praise of TH in letter from unknown correspondent to, 121
promotion of sons of, 320
return to England, 320, 459, 492
seizures by, 62
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et, 403, 404n2
Morning Chronicle (London), 488n2
murder/piracy on the high seas (Nickerson case), 110–11, 123, 124n2, 147, 148n3, 203, 209, 250, 251n2
Murray, Col. John, 289n7
Muscongus Patent, 305n7, 317n1
Nancy (tea ship), 378n5, 407n2
Native Americans
Barnstable, as home of Mashpee and Nauset bands, 489, 490n4
border dispute with New York and Mokockhonnock (Housatonic?) nation, 247, 248n2
Catholic priest, Penobscots’ request for, 197–98
Fort Pownall, trading at, 94
land purchased from, 509n6
Mapewontaquash (unidentified), 513, 514n3
New England Company missionizing among, 51n5 (See also New England Company)
questions of Lord Dartmouth/answers of TH about, 506
rebellion of Caribs on St. Vincent, 42n1
W. Robertson supplied by TH with information about, 402
tea party perpetrators dressed as, 12, 450
Wampanoags’ claim to Chappaquiddick, Martha’s Vineyard, 258, 259n1
weather/climate, national personality affected by, 403
natural rights arguments against parliamentary authority, 5, 143, 252
Navy. See Royal Navy
Nether Winchenden, Buckinghamshire (country house of F. Bernard), 175, 176n1, 227n7
Netherlands. See Holland
New Brunswick. See Acadia
New Canaan, in border dispute with New York, 247
New England Company (Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England or SPGNE)
TH seeking treasurer position for TH Jr. at, 453–54, 471
I. Mauduit’s involvement with, 51n5, 511, 513n9
missionary efforts among Native Americans, 51n5
A. Oliver as treasurer of, 453, 454n5, 471
possible American commissioners for, 511, 513n9
W. Robertson, TH seeking information from missionaries for, 402
New Hampshire
border dispute with New York and titles to land in Hinsdale, 2, 30–31, 43–57, 141
committees of correspondence in, 463
lack of knowledge of TH regarding, 64
Massachusetts, boundary dispute with, 501, 508n3
proposal to annex to Massachusetts, 54
N. Rogers as candidate for secretary of, 511, 513n10
New Plimouth Company, land titles derived from, 509n6
New York
British troops, citizens habituated to presence of, 400
committee of correspondence established by, 264n2
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 263
Dutch possession of, 316–17
governorship, TH’s interest in, 486
salary of governor of, 296
Tea Act, colonial opposition to, 11, 13, 337–41, 342, 370, 371n6, 376, 378n5, 388, 389, 390n2, 400, 401n5, 407, 408, 412, 418, 432
views on parliamentary power in, 211
Whately letters controversy, response to, 240
New York, border disputes
absence of vote of thanks for TH for settlement of, 223, 324
air line or horizontal line, 193–94
circular letter from Lord Dartmouth and answers from TH concerning, 501
claim of New York Assembly on all territory north of Connecticut and west of Connecticut River, 2, 7, 129, 142n4, 156, 157n2, 182
counterfeiters from Massachusetts arrested, tried, and executed in New York, 7, 129–30, 156–57, 173n1, 183, 191n1, 198–99n1, 247
crimes committed against laws of New York outside boundaries of state, right to try, 191, 192n2, 207, 213, 247
crown salary of governor and, 142n5
extradition of counterfeiters, New York’s application for, 157n1, 191n1
Hinsdale and other towns, titles to land in, 2, 30–31, 43–57, 68, 90, 141, 213–14, 247, 294, 392
history of dispute laid out by TH to Hillsborough, 43–45
iron ore throwing off surveying line, 394
Native Americans affected by, 247, 248n2
proposals to trade eastern Maine for Connecticut River Valley territory, 10, 49, 50n2, 54
Report of the Committee of Council for New York, 191, 192n2, 213
settlement of, 7, 173, 182–83, 186–87, 191, 207, 213–14, 223–24, 246, 247, 292, 324
surveying and marking of, 294, 394
territory west of Great Lakes, claim of Massachusetts to, 223, 224n4
I. Williams on, 193–94
New York City
charter, as pattern for Boston, 176–77
Quebec post passing through, before reaching Boston, 328–29
Newburyport adapting Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 153
Newcastle, Duke of, 512n2
Newell, Timothy, 378n6
Newport Mercury, 335n1
Nicholson, Francis, 249, 303, 304, 305n6, 306, 308
Nickerson, Ansell, tried for piracy/murder on the high seas, 110–11, 123, 124n2, 147, 148n3, 203, 209, 250, 251n2
Nicoll (ship), 132
No. 4 (fort on upper Connecticut River), 328–29, 330n6
Nobletown, in border dispute with New York, 213–14, 214n3, 247, 294
nonimportation crisis, 95, 115n1, 229n3, 511, 512n4
North, Lord (Frederick Lord North, 2nd Earl of Guilford)
Boston Port Act, passage of, 16, 457n3, 493, 494n1
Boston Tea Party and, 271
on crown salaries for superior court judges, 65n1
employment sought for WSH via, 260–61
factions in British politics and consolidation of power, 511, 512n1, 512n3, 512n6
letter to (20 Aug. 1773), 260
Sewall/Robinson/Francklin exchange proposal, reaction to, 93
North End Caucus, 11, 165n4, 326
Nova Scotia
conquest of, 249, 302–3, 306, 308
Maine borders with, 10
Massachusetts, as part of/separation from, 240, 241n4, 249n2, 302–4, 306, 308
Nunc dimittis, 320
oaths
of allegiance and supremacy, 50, 59
to observe Acts of Parliament, proposed by TH, 59
renouncing allegiance to Stuart dynasty, 177
Observations upon the Congregational Plan of Church Government (1773), 268n1
Ohio River Valley, proposals for new colony in, 3, 46, 47n3, 73, 74, 84, 392
Old South Meeting House, Body of the Trade meeting at, 352n1, 354, 381
Oliver, Andrew (lieutenant governor of Massachusetts)
on agents’ salaries, 33
death of (3 March 1774), 16, 435, 444, 448, 452, 453, 459, 464, 471, 483, 487
dismissal of petition to remove TH and, A. Oliver over Whately letters, 428–34, 455, 482–92
J. Gambier and, 62
on General Court’s denunciation of governor’s crown salary, 33
on Hillsborough’s resignation and appointment of Dartmouth, 82
Junius Americanus letters and, 55, 56n9
letters from
17 July 1772, 33–34
18 Aug. 1772, 50–51
11 Oct. 1772, 82
P. Livius and, 99
W. Molineux and, 273n3
New England Company, as treasurer of, 453, 454n5, 471
poor health of, 55, 189, 433, 440–41, 444, 445
portrait by John Singleton Copley (c. 1758), 436
removal of TH and, General Court petition for, 14–15, 16, 221, 222n1, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232–45, 255–56, 420, 421n2
replacement for, deliberations of TH on, 16, 55–56, 451–52
salary of, 475n3
Tea Act, colonial opposition to, 345, 348n1, 352, 358, 367, 385
Whately letters controversy and, 7, 8, 187n4, 217, 221, 225, 227n3, 242, 247, 254n4, 267, 279, 318, 319, 320nn2, 7, 325, 336, 356, 372, 421n2, 429, 487
Oliver, Daniel (son of Andrew), 453, 454n2, 488n4
Oliver, Elizabeth, later Watson (daughter of Peter Sr.), 30n1
Oliver, Margaret (granddaughter of TH), 123, 124n1
Oliver, Margaret, later Spooner (daughter of Andrew), 82, 189
Oliver, Mary Clarke (wife of Peter), 444n2
Oliver, Mary Sanford (wife of Andrew), death of, 189
Oliver, Peter, Jr. (son of Peter Sr.), 124n1
Oliver, Peter, Sr. (chief justice)
acceptance of crown salary by, 15, 435–46
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 123
on Boston Tea Party, 389
on crown salaries for judges, 4, 150, 151nn14–15, 282, 435
on departure of TH from Boston, 497–98
difficulties attending Superior Court, 440, 445, 447, 489, 497–98
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 71, 116, 125n1, 139, 489, 490nn9–10
on governorship of TH, 513
EH and wife staying with, after Boston Tea Party, 423n1, 434n2
impeachment efforts against, 15–16, 436, 439n3, 443n3, 444, 445, 447–57, 461–62, 463n3, 464, 492
on independence of colonies, 150, 151n15
letters from
9 June 1770, 513–14
16 Dec. 1772, 123–24
8 Feb. 1773, 149–51
20 Dec. 1773, 389–90
25 April 1774, 489–90
15 May 1774, 497–98
on measles suffered by grandchildren of TH, 123
T. Preston, adjournment of trial of, 513, 514n2
Whately letters controversy and, 216
wine intended for, 423
Oliver, Dr. Peter (son of Andrew)
on governorship of TH, 513, 514n3
on WSH, 82n5
Oliver, Richard, 104n3, 467, 468n4
Oliver, Sarah, later Hutchinson (Sally; daughter of Andrew, wife of TH Jr.), 123, 124n1, 454n2
Oliver, Sarah Hutchinson (Sally; daughter of TH, wife of Peter Oliver Jr.), 123, 124n1, 449n1
Oliver, Thomas
as cousin to Richard Oliver, 104n3, 467, 468n4
estates in Antigua damaged by hurricane, 109
recommended by TH for lieutenant governor, 467
recommended to Lord Sandwich as inferior judge of vice-admiralty, 104, 108
return to England as lieutenant governor, 201n2
Oliver, Thomas (grandson of TH), 123, 124n1
Oneidas, S. Kirkland as missionary to, 402n2
Orenay (Penobscot), 199n2
Original Papers (TH, 1769), 511, 513n8
Otis, James, Jr.
Boston Committee of Correspondence, as chairman of, 102, 103n2
caning by J. Robinson, 86, 88n5
drinking problem of, 102
mental instability of, 102
Votes and Proceedings (1772), contribution to, 115n1, 117
Paine, Robert Treat, 490n3
Palmer, Charlton, letter to (25 April 1774), 486–87
Palmer, William
fees for TH’s commission as governor, payment of, 512n6
Hugh Hall, transfer of funds of, 465, 466n1
hemp, speculation in, 167
WSH and, 73, 202, 365, 370, 465–66
letters to
21 July 1772, 34
11 Sept. 1772, 72–73
25 Feb. 1773, 167
21 April 1773, 202
9 Dec. 1773, 369–71
22 March 1774, 465–66
public opinion, efforts of TH to influence, 73
pulpit cloth sent by, 73
Tea Act/tea ships crisis and, 369–70
tea trade and, 72–73, 167, 202, 384
Parker, Capt., 465
Parker, William, 99, 101n3, 463, 465
Parliament. See also House of Commons; House of Lords
American commission, TH’s ideas about appointment of, 199–200
closure of port of Boston, 456–57
inability of colonies to have representation in, TH on, 340
F. Maseres, Considerations on the Expediency of Admitting Representatives from the American Colonies into the British House of Commons (1770), 411n2
post office in America by act of, opposition to establishment of, 463
taxation without representation in, 122, 204, 210–11
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 4–6
Chatham’s doctrine and, 145, 172
consent/contract arguments against, 4, 5, 143
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 262–68, 313–16
crown salaries controversy and, 4, 115, 158, 171, 185, 435
T. Cushing on, 200
Dartmouth’s pronouncement on, 118–20
divided sovereignty as logical absurdity for TH, 131, 237, 312
feudal tenure argument of J. Adams against, 169, 172
“A Friend to the Community” article about, 178–83
Gaspée, objections to royal commission of inquiry on, 117
George III’s approbation of TH’s handling of debate on, 136, 186, 187n5
identified as source of disorder in colonies, 59–60, 90–91, 115, 117, 119, 121–22, 137n4, 186
independence of colonies and, 262
A. Lee letter cautioning against denial of supremacy of, 470
means of halting dispute about, TH on, 176–77, 185–86, 188
natural rights arguments against, 5, 143, 252
negative consequences of denial of, TH on, 253–64
new printing of province laws vetoed by TH and, 185
oath to observe, proposed by TH, 59
opening speech of TH viewed as forcing House to make public declaration on, 269, 270, 272, 274
opening statement of TH to General Court on, 131–43
origins and range of colonial views on, TH presenting, 210–11
penalty proposed for denial of, 53, 59, 63–64, 119
plan to engage colonies in confederacy against, 218
plans to invite all continental assemblies to address, 164
prevention of dispute about, TH speculating on, 177
private letter on state of province from TH to Dartmouth regarding, 297–99
protestations of TH about engaging in debate regarding, 218, 219–20, 226, 269, 270, 272, 274
rebuke of TH by Dartmouth for instigating constitutional debate on, 6, 38n6, 168n1, 195–96, 203–4, 205n5, 206–16, 250, 251n1, 255, 269, 271, 278n2
rejoinders of Council and House to TH’s statements on, 142, 143–51, 143n2, 169–77
replies of TH to Council and House rejoinders on, 144, 145, 145n2, 152–68, 169
The Speeches of His Excellency Governor Hutchinson . . . with the Answers of His Majesty’s Council and the House of Representatives Respectively (1773), 175, 176n2
towns joining Boston statement on, 4, 123, 125, 126n2, 131, 132, 138, 140, 146, 148n1, 153, 154–55, 157, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 171
Votes and Proceedings (1772) on, 4, 115, 117, 126n2, 131, 153, 171, 193n2, 197
Whately letters controversy and, 218, 219–20, 226, 228, 229, 252–54, 298
Paxton, Charles
J. Gambier and, 62
W. Story, support for, 57n12
Whately letters controversy and, 7, 227n3
Peale, Charles Wilson, portrait of John Adams (c. 1791–1794), 170
Pemaquid, Maine, 303, 304n3, 308
Pemberton, Ebenezer, Jr., 471, 472n6
Pennsylvania. See also Philadelphia
committees of correspondence in, 327, 463
history of, attributed by TH to B. Franklin, 242, 243n3
origins of tea imported to, 58
Pennsylvania Gazette, 464n7
Petty, William, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, 51n5, 512n3
Philadelphia
Quebec post passing through before reaching Boston, 328–29
E. Richardson in, 426n5
Tea Act/tea ships, opposition to, 13, 388, 396, 401, 407, 408, 412, 432
Whately letters controversy, response to, 241
“Philalethes” letters of J. Sewall, 284, 286, 288, 289n8
Phillips, Major John
appointment as Fort Major of Castle William, 48, 75, 79, 83, 85, 87, 112, 127
financial distress of, 69
Phillips, William, 208n3, 363, 364n2, 378n6, 398
Phips, Sir William, 304, 306, 308, 309
pirates and piracy, 109, 110–11, 147, 203, 208, 250
Pitt, William, the Elder. See Chatham, Lord
Pitts, Elizabeth Bowdoin, 322n2
Pitts, John, 378n6
Plymouth
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 123, 126n2, 146, 148n1, 153, 168
P. Oliver unable to visit, 489, 497–98
Tea Act, opposition to, 389, 390nn3–4
Plympton, on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 123
Polly (tea ship), 407n2
Port Royal, Maine, 303, 304n3, 306, 308
post/post office
delays in mail deliveries, 61, 126–27, 448, 459
Franklin’s dismissal as deputy postmaster general for colonies, 14, 428, 432, 464n6, 483n1, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
interest of TH in post of deputy postmaster general for colonies, 212, 226
opposition to establishment of in America by act of Parliament, 463
private mail service, Franklin’s proposal for, 464n6
Quebec post passing through New York and Philadelphia before reaching Boston, 328–29
G. Rome, tampering with letter to, 481
Potter, Simeon, 64n3, 133, 134n4
Povey, Thomas (former lieutenant governor), 475n6
Powell, Jeremiah, 475n2
Powell, William, 115n1
Pownall, John
advising WSH, 261
Boston Port Act, arrival in Boston of news of, 495
Boston resolutions objecting to TH’s characterization of town, 192, 193n2
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 262–65, 314
crown salaries for judges, formation of Boston Committee of Correspondence due to, 107–8
crown salary of governor, General Court’s denunciation of, 35–41
Dartmouth mentioning private letter to TH from, 478, 480n2
employment for WSH, TH seeking, 265
England, TH considering travel to, 422–23
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 63–64, 117, 126–27, 132–33
on health of F. Bernard, 53
R. Jackson and, 115
letters to
21 July 1772 (two versions, one not sent), 34–41
29 Aug. 1772, 63–65
13 Nov. 1772, 107–8
8 Dec. 1772, 117–18
22 Dec. 1772, 126–27
4 Jan. 1773, 132–35
7 Jan. 1773, 140
1 Feb. 1773, 145
24 Feb. 1773, 163–66
27 March 1773, 192–93
19 April 1773, 199–201
3 July 1773, 231
2 Aug. 1773, 244–45
16 Aug. 1773, 255–56
21 Aug. 1773 (not sent), 263–64
23 Aug. 1773, 264–65
8 Sept. 1773, 277–78
18 Oct. 1773 (not sent), 313–15
26 Nov. 1773, 348–49
28 Nov. 1773, 351
7 Jan. 1774, 418–19
24 Jan. 1774, 422–23
2 May 1774, 495
mentioned in letter to F. Bernard, 224
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies, 63–64, 132, 136, 140, 145, 163–64, 255
on J. Phillips’s appointment as Fort Major of Castle William, 75
public auction (vendue) bill, 192
S. Quincy, warrant for, as solicitor general, 495
reasons for TH writing to, 34
W. Story, efforts to find job for, 164
superior court judges, crown salaries for, 64
Tea Act and tea ships, 351, 422–23
Votes and Proceedings (1772) sent by TH to, 117
Whately letters controversy, 231, 244–45, 255–56, 277, 348–49
Pownall, Thomas (former governor of Massachusetts)
construction of Fort Pownall by, 93
letter to (23 Feb. 1773), 163
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 163
as possible replacement for TH, 290n3, 324
Whately letters controversy and, 14, 280n5
Prebble, Jedidiah, Jr., 86, 88n3
Preston, Capt. Thomas, adjournment of trial of, 513, 514n2
Pretenders, oath renouncing allegiance to, 177
primus inter pares, 106, 107n6
principius placuisse viris, 340, 341n3
printers’ crisis (1771), 104n3
printing and publishing. See also specific publications and individual printers by name
Boston Tea Party, Council’s response to, 393, 411n4, 426n1
Council asserting right to copy and print minutes, 394–95, 404, 407
of debate between TH and General Court on parliamentary authority, 175, 176n2
B. Franklin publishing notice that he alone transmitted Whately letters to Boston, 428, 429, 430n1
“letter to the king,” treason charges for, 76–77, 87, 164, 165n2
“E. Ludlow” letter and “A Friend to the Community” article, J. Fenton’s dispute with TH about, 178–83, 189–90
new printing of province laws vetoed by TH, 185
privacy of letters, TH’s efforts to ensure, 186, 187n4, 217
public opinion, efforts of TH to influence, 34n1, 73
seditious material, handling of publication of, 76–77, 87, 119
W. Story, private letters concerning, 55, 56–57nn11–12
W. Story, threatening TH with publication of letters, 165, 166, 166n5
Tea Act/tea ships, broadside on, 363–64
J. Temple suspected by TH of providing information to newspapers, 154, 162
of Whately letters, 8–9, 225, 232–45, 252–53, 279–80, 284
privacy of letters, TH’s efforts to ensure, 186, 187n4, 217, 348–49, 417
Privy Council
Boston Tea Party and, 14
on court proceedings of governor and Council in divorce cases, 106, 269, 270, 412, 413n1
Franklin’s rough treatment by, 14, 16
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 3
minutes of, 394–95
Ohio River Valley colony, approval of, 3
petition of General Council to remove TH and Andrew Oliver, hearing on, 14, 16, 420, 421n2, 428–34, 473, 482–92
Proctor, Edward, 387n3
prope urbem prope mortem, 513, 514n1
Province House
notifications posted on gate of, 327
state of disrepair of, 30, 32n3, 35, 41, 66, 67n4, 89, 158, 160n5, 282
proximus ardet, 71
public auction (vendue) bill, 192
public opinion
on Dartmouth as secretary of state, 189
efforts of TH to influence, 34n1, 73
on Hillsborough’s resignation, 84, 100
quamdiu se bene gesserint, 299, 357
Quebec Act (1774), 80n2
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 111n1, 115n1
Quincy, Samuel, 495
religion. See also specific denominations
biblical references in letters, 100, 101n8, 287, 288n5, 320n8, 445
dismissals of clergy in New England, 267, 268n1, 391n2
Revenue Act (1764; Sugar Act), 299n1
Reynolds, Joshua, portrait of Alexander Wedderburn (c. 1785), 431
Rhode Island. See also Gaspée
Continental Congress, fears of TH regarding new establishment of, 263
George Rome jailed for contempt in, 274, 275n1, 333–36, 372
Virginia resolves, positive response to, 264n2
Richardson, Ebenezer, pardon and freeing of, 425, 426n5
Robertson, William
letter to (28 Dec. 1773), 402
Native Americans, TH providing information about, 402
watching over WSH in Edinburgh, 201, 202n2, 258
Robin Hood, 448
Robinson, John
exchange of offices with J. Sewall, 62, 86, 88n4, 92–93, 102–3
letter to (25 Oct. 1772), 92–93
possibly seeking appointment in South Carolina, 62
Robinson, Samuel (representative of Hinsdale grantees), 44, 46n3
Robson, Mr., 240
Rockingham, Lord (Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis), 510, 512n3
Rogers, Nathaniel (nephew of TH)
as candidate for secretary of New Hampshire, 511, 513n10
Whately letters controversy and, 7, 225, 227n3
Roman Catholics and Roman Catholicism, 58, 77n1, 177n3, 197–98
Rome, George
complaints about popular government and difficulty collecting debts in Rhode Island, 333
Dartmouth on situation of, 420
jailed for contempt by Rhode Island Assembly, 274, 275n1, 333–36, 372
letter from (before 8 Nov. 1773), 334–35
letters to
9 Nov. 1773, 335–36
2 April 1774, 473
18 April 1774, 481
suspected opening of letter to, 481
Whately letters controversy and, 7, 227n3, 274, 275n1, 333–36, 372, 473
Romney (ship), 227n3, 331n1, 332
Ropes, Nathaniel, 443n7, 467, 498n1
Rotch, Francis, and tea ship Dartmouth, 12, 352n3, 355n1, 368n2, 371n9, 375–76, 378n3, 379, 381–82, 386–87, 398, 417
Rotch, Joseph, and Sons, 350, 352n1, 370n, 371n9
Rowe, John, 354, 355n2, 367, 368n2, 398, 491
Roxbury
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 4, 126n2, 146, 148n1, 168
Clarkes dining with W. Burch in, 433, 434n3
Tea Act/tea ships, committee of correspondence on, 368, 375
Royal Navy
bills drawn on commissioners of, 486
mast trees in Maine set aside for, 10, 105, 107n2
Royal Society, 411n1
Russell, Chambers, 472n5
Russell, Judge, 108
Ryswick, Treaty of, 303, 304n4, 308, 309
Sagadahoc. See Maine
Saint-Castin, Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie, 3rd Baron de, 304n4, 308
Salem
on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 168
customs collectors at, 79nn1–2, 81
militia affairs at, 486
raid for contraband weapons in (1775), 113n2
salus populi, 304, 305n11, 307
Sanders, Thomas, 208n2
Sandwich, Lord (John Montagu, 4th Earl)
Gaspée, destruction of/commission of inquiry into, 66
letter to (12 Nov. 1772), 104
T. Oliver recommended to, as inferior judge of vice-admiralty, 104, 108
Sewall/Robinson/Francklin exchange proposal, reaction to, 93
Sanford, Grizzel (sister-in-law of TH), 98
Savage, Arthur, kidnapping of, 31–32
Savage, Samuel Phillips, 379, 380n1
“Scaevola” letter of Thomas Mifflin, 326, 329n1
Scammell, Thomas, 28, 29n3, 137n6
Scollay, John, 378n6
Scott, Capt. James, 86, 348, 363, 365, 366, 367, 369, 388, 396
Sessions, Darius (deputy governor of Rhode Island), 132, 134n3
Sewall, Jonathan
exchange of offices with J. Robinson, 62, 86, 88n4, 92–93, 102–3
J. Fenton dispute with TH and, 180, 189–90
P. Oliver and, 489
as pastor of Old South Church, 399n3
“Philalethes” letters in support of TH over Whately letters controversy, 284, 286, 288, 289n8
Tea Act, tea ships, and Boston Tea Party, 352, 399
Shaw, Nathaniel, Jr., 118n1
Shelburne, Lord (William Petty, 2nd Earl), 51n5, 237n1, 510, 512n3
sickness. See health and illness
slaves and slavery, 51n6, 115n1
smallpox, 130, 440, 443n7, 467
Smith, Janet Livingston, 224
Smith, Mr. (deliverer of letter from WSH), 201
Smith, Nathan, patented floor cloths of, 466n3
Smith, Richard (merchant), 81n1
Smith, William, Jr.
letter to (28 June 1773), 223–24
New York, settlement of border dispute with, 223–24
Whately letters controversy and, 223
Smith & Atkinson (mercantile firm), 81
smuggling, 10, 31, 62, 72–73, 293, 475n2, 504
Smythe, Frederick, Jr., 116, 127, 128n2, 489, 490n9
Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England. See New England Company
Some Short Account of the Life and Character of the Reverend Joshua Eaton of Spencer (Forbes, 1773), 288, 289n7, 311, 312n2
Somerset Case, 51n6
Sons of Liberty (Liberty men, Liberty people), 60, 63, 83, 93, 100, 122, 272, 327, 361, 367, 369, 397, 408, 414n1
South Carolina, opposition to Tea Act in, 407n2, 421, 422n3
Speaker of the House. See Cushing, Thomas
The Speeches of His Excellency Governor Hutchinson . . . with the Answers of His Majesty’s Council and the House of Representatives Respectively (1773), 175, 176n2
Spencer-Town, in border dispute with New York, 247
SPGNE (Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England). See New England Company
Spooner, John, Jr., 82n2
Spooner, Margaret Oliver, 82, 189
Springfield, proposal of TH that Quebec post go through, 328–29
St. Asaph, bishop of, 267, 268n5
St. Christophers, French cession of, 316
Stamp Act (1765), 90, 114, 122, 200, 210, 211, 288n1, 297, 299n1, 340, 363, 366, 383, 397
Stamp Act Congress (1765), 10, 219, 220n4, 264n3
Stamp Act riots, 56n4, 56n11, 303, 305n5, 333, 421, 422n1, 475n3
commemoration of (14 Aug.), 272, 273n2, 277
resignation of stamp distributors (1765), 10
Statford, the oracle, 513, 514n4
Steuart, Charles, 51
Stewart, Duncan, 51, 52, 86, 88n7, 92, 93n2
Stirling, 1st Earl, 90
Story, William
character and efforts to find job for, TH on, 164–66
financial problems of, 56n11, 165, 166, 274
letters of recommendation for, 164, 165nn3–4
North End Caucus, membership in, 165n4
probate judge for Essex, seeking job as, 164, 166
publication of letters regarding circumstances of, 55, 56–57nn11–12
Stamp Act riot, losses in, 56–57nn11–12, 165
threatening TH with publication of letters, 165, 166, 166n5, 319
Whately letters controversy and, 9, 275n2, 318, 319, 321, 325, 336, 349, 372, 488n3
stroke, recovery of F. Bernard from, 50, 54, 55n2
Stuart dynasty, oath renouncing allegiance to, 177
Suffolk, Henry Howard, 12th Earl of, 510, 512n1
Sugar Act (1764; Revenue Act), 299n1
Superior Court
difficulties of judges in attending, 440, 443n7, 445, 447, 489, 497–98
General Court vote to postpone meeting of, 438, 439n4
A. Savage, kidnapping of, 31–32
superior court judges. See also crown salaries for superior court judges
efforts of TH to augment salaries of, 3–4, 41, 53, 102, 103, 252
intimidation efforts against, TH on, 272
pleasure/good behavior, conflict about service at, 174, 299, 357
power to remove, 447
proposal to reduce number of, 69
surveyor general of customs
appointment of J. Temple as, 38n7, 56n3, 62
dismissal of J. Temple as, 14, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
surveyor of the woods
interest of TH in post of, 212, 226
problems faced by, 28, 136, 137n6
Swedish Revolution of 1772, 85
Swift, Samuel, letter to (4 Jan. 1774), 414
Syms, Capt., 72, 199, 205, 317, 321
Tailer, William (former lieutenant governor), 475n6
Talbot (servant of TH?), 352
tarring and feathering
tea consignees fearing, 359, 369
Taunton, on Boston statement challenging authority of Parliament, 123
taxation
crown salaries, funding of, 48n2
estimate of rateable male polls, 292–93
parliamentary representation and, 122, 204
of salaries for royal officials, 32n2, 48n2, 133–34, 135n8, 147, 204, 229
Tea Act, 10–13, 337–416. See also Boston Tea Party; specific tea ships
arrival in New England of details about, 11, 341, 345
arrivals, interceptions, and refusals of tea ships, 12–13, 350–80, 388
Boston, tea consignees nervous about appearing in, 425, 433, 434nn2–3, 460
Boston Harbor blocked to stop tea ships leaving, 368, 375, 379, 386, 399, 409
Castle William, tea consignees taking refuge in, 12, 350, 352, 354, 359, 363, 366, 367, 369, 379, 386, 398, 408, 434nn2–3, 460, 469
colonial opposition to, 10–12, 337–416
committees of correspondence acting on, 327, 329n1, 354, 368–80, 389, 400, 403
consignees, efforts to force resignation of, 10–12, 326–33, 341–49, 354, 358–59, 369, 376, 384–85, 397, 408, 419
Council’s refusal to act regarding, 11–13, 341–49, 350, 352, 359, 361, 362n1, 367, 369, 376, 380, 385–86, 390n2, 397
demands for return of tea to England, 12, 352, 354, 367, 368–80, 385–86, 397–98, 408–9
destruction of non-East India Company tea arriving in Boston, 450
dispersal of meeting ordered by TH, 350, 352, 355, 359, 370, 375, 399, 400–401
England, decision of TH to forgo travel to, 11, 16
final disposal of tea, uncertainty about, 460
independence of colonies, as tipping point for, 430
nervousness of consignees about appearing in Boston, 425, 433, 434nn2–3
New York’s opposition to, 11, 13, 337–41, 342, 370, 371n6, 376, 378n5, 388, 389, 390n2, 400, 401n5, 407, 408, 412, 418, 432
Philadelphia’s opposition to, 13, 388, 396, 401, 407, 408, 412, 432
reception in England of news of opposition to, TH waiting to hear about, 460, 461, 471
repeal of, 489
reshipping of tea not allowed by TH, 12, 13, 381–82, 386–87, 398–99, 403, 404, 405, 408–9, 414, 421
rules about declaration, unloading, and payment of duties on tea, 12, 350, 355n2, 379, 398
South Carolina’s opposition to, 407n2
Stamp Act crisis compared to, 340, 363, 366, 382, 397
towns’ lack of jurisdiction to hold meetings on, TH fulminating against, 361–62, 377
tea trade
agreement not to import tea (1774), 115n1
customs duties on, 58–59, 72, 201n1, 328
Holland, importation from, 58–59, 72–73, 94, 167, 328, 408, 441
involvement of TH and sons in, 72, 167, 202, 327, 330n2, 344, 345, 384
pricing of English tea, 72, 202
repeal of tea duty, B. Franklin hoping for, 201n1
Temple, Elizabeth Bowdoin, 322n2
Temple, John
appointment as surveyor general of customs, 38n7, 56n3, 62
correspondence between TH and T. Whately due to, 9, 55, 57n13
dismissed as surveyor general of customs, 14, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
duel with William Whately, 13, 428, 429, 430n1, 471, 472n2, 482, 487–88
J. Fenton as brother-in-law of, 178
newspapers, suspected by TH of providing information to, 154, 162
as possible successor to TH as governor, 276n2
as son-in-law of John Bowdoin, 37, 38n7, 56n3, 322n2
Whately letters controversy and, 9, 13–14, 267n2, 290n1, 318, 319, 320n5, 321, 335–36, 349n1, 372
Temple, Lord (Richard Grenville Temple, 2nd Earl), 510, 512nn2–3
Tétouan, Morocco, ships with cargo from, 293, 294n2
Thirty-Nine Articles, relief for Dissenters from subscribing to, 51n5
Thomas, P. D. G., 215nn1–2
Thompson, Robert, 50, 51n2, 82, 217, 218n5, 267, 453, 454n1
timber
illegal lumbering of royally reserved trees in Maine, 10, 105, 107n2, 136, 306–7, 309
inspector of king’s timber, financial issues of, 28
royal reservation of mast trees in Maine, 10, 248, 249n1, 302–3, 306, 309
Torrey, Deacon John, 389, 390n4
Townshend, Charles, 95
trade and commerce. See also American Board of Customs Commissioners; Board of Trade; Tea Act; tea trade; specific entries at customs
colonies acknowledging authority of Parliament for restraint of, proposed by TH, 176
Lords of Trade, 156, 192, 207, 308–9
questions of Lord Dartmouth/answers of TH about, 503–5
smuggling/illegal, 10, 31, 61, 72–73, 293, 475n2, 504
treason
Henry VIII (king of England), statute of, 116, 133, 135n5
letter to the king printed by Massachusetts Spy as, 76–77, 87, 164, 165n2
Nickerson murder on the high seas, charges in, 203
Trecothick & Apthorp (mercantile firm), 465, 466n1
trees and shrubs, 92. See also timber
Trowbridge, Edmund
ability of Superior Court to sit, refusal to comment on, 497–98
date of commencement of crown salaries for judges, 149n1
illness and infirmity limiting attendance at court, 440, 443n7
rejection of crown salary by, 15, 435, 439n2, 440, 443n5
Worcester grand jurors and, 498n2
Truman, Edward, portrait of TH by (1741), iv
Tryon, Mrs. (wife), and Margaret Wake (daughter), 421, 422n2, 465
Tryon, William (as governor of New York)
burning of house of, 418, 419n5, 421, 464, 465n1
counterfeiters from Massachusetts arrested, tried, and executed in New York, 156–57, 173n1, 191n1, 198–99n1, 247
England, plans of TH to go to, 427, 464
England, traveling to, 465, 486, 487n3
Hinsdale, titles to land in, 31, 43, 44, 68, 69n5, 392n4
TH interested in succeeding, 486
impeachment attempts against P. Oliver, 464
letter from (8 March 1773), 173
letters to
20 Feb. 1773, 156–57
18 March 1773, 182–83
25 March 1773, 191–92
6 July 1773, 233–34
10 Sept. 1773, 278
11 Nov. 1773, 339
21 Nov. 1773, 344–46
1 Dec. 1773, 354–55
15 Jan. 1774, 421–22
2 Feb. 1774, 427
21 March 1774, 464–65
New York/Massachusetts border dispute and, 2, 7, 173, 182–83, 186–87, 191, 213, 247, 294 (See also New York, border dispute with)
Tea Act, colonial opposition to, 11, 13, 337, 339, 342, 344–46, 354–55, 371n6, 390n2, 400, 401n5, 418, 421
Whately letters controversy, 233–34, 278
Tudor, William, 6
Tupper, William, 423
Turner, John
bribe, denial of taking, 78
letter for F. Bernard sent to TH by, 78, 81, 84
letter from (3 Oct. 1772), 78–79
Turner, William (passenger to England/present at tea meetings), 396
Turner, William, Sr., 418, 419n3
Tuscarora, S. Kirkland as missionary to, 402n2
Tyler, Dr. William (passenger to England/present at tea meetings), 396
Tyng, William, 444
unknown persons, letters of TH to
13 Nov. 1772, 108–9
13 Dec. 1772, 121–23
5 Feb. 1773, 148–49
10 March 1773, 176–77
20 March 1773, 188
23 March 1773, 189–90
14 June 1773, 217–18
10 July 1773, 236–37
11 Aug. 1773, 251–52
27 Oct. 1773, 321–22
24 Nov. 1773, 347–48
3 Dec. 1773, 363–64
7 Dec. 1773, 367–68
30 Dec. 1773, 403–4
utile, 514
Utrecht, Treaty of, 304, 305n6, 306, 308
Van Rensselaer family, 213
vendue (public auction) bill, 192
Vermont, border dispute with New York and titles to land now located in, 2, 30–31, 43–57
Virginia/Virginia Resolves
on committees of correspondence, 10, 197–205, 262, 264n1
intercolonial congress, proposing, 262–65
novelty of, TH on, 122
vomiting, ipecac taken to induce, 82
The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders and Other Inhabitants of the Town of Boston (Boston Committee of Correspondence, 1772), 4, 115, 117, 126n2, 131, 153, 171, 193n2, 197, 348n2
Waldo, Samuel, 303, 305n7, 317n1
Walleys, Mr., 229, 284, 285, 289
Wampanoags, claim to Chappaquiddick, Martha’s Vineyard, 258, 259n1
Wanton, Joseph (governor of Rhode Island), 3, 64n3, 116, 125, 127, 139, 489, 490n9
Warren, James, 390n4
Washington, George, 47n3
Watson, Elizabeth Oliver, 30n1
Watson, George, 30n1, 390n3, 489n1
Watson, Mary (Polly), later Hutchinson, 29, 30n1, 490n1
Watson, William, 390n4
Watson-Wentworth, Charles, 2nd Marquis of Rockingham, 510, 512n3
weather/climate
contrary winds, ships detained due to, 96, 112, 203
national personality, climate theory regarding, 403
A. Oliver reporting on mildness of, 50
questions from Dartmouth/answers from TH about, 500
Wedderburn, Alexander
letter to (23 April 1774), 483, 486
petition of General Council to remove TH and A. Oliver, hearings on, 14, 428, 429, 482, 483
portrait by Joshua Reynolds (c. 1785), 431
thanks conveyed from TH to, 482, 483, 486
Welshman, Capt., 396
Wendell, Oliver, 378n6
Wentworth, Benning (former governor of New Hampshire), 101n1
Wentworth, John (governor of New Hampshire)
William Browne and, 451
conflict with P. Livius, 65n4, 99, 100, 101n1, 113–14, 321–22
letter from (4 Dec. 1772), 113–14
letter to (7 Nov. 1772), 99–101
West Indies
Antigua estates of T. Oliver damaged by hurricane, 109
departure of 14th Regiment for, 42
Jamaica, Spanish cession of, 316
St. Christophers, French cession of, 316
St. Vincent, news of conditions in, 127
St. Vincent, rebellion of Caribs on, 42n1
Weymouth, Lord, 74
Whately, Thomas
death of, 50, 51n2, 55, 231, 319, 325
first letter of TH to (1768), 325
not suspected of involvement in distribution of Whately letters, 279
J. Temple and TH’s correspondence with, 9, 55, 57n13
Whately letters addressed to, 7, 187n4, 216, 217, 225
Whately, William
duel with J. Temple, 13, 428, 429, 430n1, 471, 472n2, 482, 487–88
as executor of brother Thomas, 218n5, 320n5, 322n1, 324
B. Franklin, chancery suit against, over Whately letters, 13, 472n2
letters to
25 April 1774, 487–88
A. Oliver’s letter to, in Whately letters, 217, 218n5
procurer of letters, involvement in efforts to discover, 267, 318, 321, 325, 335–36, 372
J. Temple’s access to Whately letters through, 9
Whately letters controversy, 7–10
British troops, request for, 227n3, 228, 229n3, 233, 242
death of T. Whately leading to, 51n2, 231, 319, 325
deputy postmaster general for colonies, Franklin’s dismissal as, 14, 428, 432, 464n6, 493, 494n2
discovery, dispatch, and reading of letters to House, 7–9, 13–14, 187n4, 216–31
dismissal of petition to remove TH and A. Oliver over, 428–34, 455, 473, 482–92, 493
duel between William Whately and John Temple, 13, 428, 429, 430n1, 471, 472n2, 482, 487–88
B. Franklin publishing notice that he alone transmitted letters to Boston, 428, 429, 430n1
George III’s disapprobation of, TH hoping for, 244, 253, 356
London Public Advertiser correspondence on, 13, 14
parliamentary authority to legislate for colonies and, 218, 219–20, 226, 228, 229, 252–54, 298
“Philalethes” letters of J. Sewall on, 284, 286, 288, 289n8
printing of letters (as Letters Sent to Great Britain, 1773), 8–9, 225, 232–45, 252–53, 279–80, 284, 288n3, 322n5
privacy of letters, TH’s efforts to ensure, 186, 187n4, 217, 348–49
protestations of TH about innocuous nature of contents of, 8, 217, 221, 223, 225, 227–28, 230, 233, 236, 275, 312
remonstrance to king regarding, 8
removal of TH and A. Oliver sought based on, 14–15, 16, 217–18, 221, 222n1, 223, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232–45, 255–56, 420, 421n2
responses of other colonies to, TH on, 240, 241, 242, 253
rumors about content of letters, 8, 216, 221, 223, 225, 227–28, 234, 321
speculations of TH about instigators of, 274–83, 318–25, 335–36, 348–49, 366, 372
support for TH regarding, 9, 237, 246–57, 277, 279, 284–90, 300
surveyor general of customs, J. Temple dismissed as, 14, 489, 490n8, 493, 494n2
timing of revelation of, 8
Wheelwright, Nathaniel, 56n11
White, Capt., 92
White Plains, Battle of (1776), 417n1
Whitefield, George, 289n7
Whitworth, John Dean, 417, 418, 419n3
Whitworth, Miles, Sr., 417n1
“The Wicked Statesman or Traitor to His Country in the Hour of Death” (1774), TH caricatured as, 406
Wilkes, John, and Wilkes controversy, 50, 512nn6–7
William (tea ship)
amount of tea recovered from, 392, 412
Jonathan Clarke securing tea from, 388, 389, 389n2, 390n5, 411, 413n3
disposal/sale of tea from, 411, 412, 415, 421
prevention of looting and securing of tea cargo, 411, 412
shipwreck on Cape Cod, 371n7, 387, 411–15
William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (younger brother of George III), 84
William III of Orange (king of England), 240
Williams, Col. Israel
Boston resolutions objecting to TH’s characterization of town, 193
commissions list requested from, 239
departure of TH from Boston, 496–97
exchange of Maine lands with New York, proposal for, 49
friendship with TH, 496, 497n1
General Court sessions missed by, 141, 142n5
Hinsdale, title to lands in, 141, 392
letters to
8 Jan. 1773, 141–42
7 April 1773, 193–94
20 July 1773, 239
30 Oct. 1773, 324
23 Dec. 1773, 391–92
23 Feb. 1774, 445
12 April 1774, 480–81
14 May 1774, 496–97
lieutenant governorship, deliberations of TH regarding, 480
New York, border dispute with, 141, 193–94, 392
Tea Act, opposition to, and Boston Tea Party, 391–92
Whately letters controversy, 239, 324, 480
J. Worthington and, 496, 497n3
Williams, John (inspector general of customs), 373nn3, 7
Williams, John (on American Board of Customs Commissioners), 51
Williams, Jonathan, Jr., 364n1, 366, 367n1, 372, 373n3
Williams, Jonathan, Sr., 353, 364n1, 367n1, 373n3
Williams, Richard, 486
Williams, Stephen
complaints of TH about unpopularity to, 339–40
letter to (13 Nov. 1773), 339–41
mentioned in letter to I. Williams, 497
Williamson, Hugh., 396
wills and administrations, court cases involving, 41n31, 323, 412, 509n9
Winslow, Edward, 390n3
Winslow, Mr., funeral of, 489
Winthrop, John, 390n2
witchcraft trials in New England, TH referring to, 239
wood. See timber
Woodbridge, Timothy
on counterfeiters from Massachusetts arrested, tried, and executed in New York, 129–30, 157n1, 191
letter from (2 Jan. 1773), 129–30
lieutenant governor, as candidate for, 475n2
Worthington, John
Hinsdale, title to lands in, 49
letter to (17 Aug. 1772), 49–50
York, Duke of, 316