Index

Academies, dissenting, xv–xvi, xviii

Acid, 159; liquors, 101; salts, 49; taste, 177

Agaric, 142

Agate, 115

Agricola, Georgius, 118 n

Agriculture, 74, 75; draining of bogs, 70; improvement of land, 116; and physics, 3, 5

Air, 47–52; cause of earthquakes, 98; cause of variety in temper of, 27; changes in, 28, 29, 137; condensed, 181; conveyance into mines, 118; home of birds, 197; home of spirits of brutes, 189; humidity, 41, 47, 53; in lungs, 131, 192; medium of light, 155, 156, 160; medium of sound, 87, 163, 164–169, 172, 173, 188; navigation of, 191; surrounding the earth, 20, 21, 40, 47–48 (see also Atmosphere); tenuity, 38; three regions of, 47–49, 100; transmutation of water into, 41; vacuities in, 39; weight, 49, 50–52, 76, 86; wholesomeness, 52, 86, 168

Air pump, xvi, xxxi; experiments, 43, 48 n, 50

Alabaster, 115

Alchemists, on the soul of metals, 120–121

Alchemy, 121, 123, 125, 201

Ale, difference from beer, 56

Alkali, 55

Allen, James (d 1710), xxii

Alloys, in gold coins, 119; in silver, 122

Alum, a middle mineral, 125; use in coloring water, 125; in dyeing, 159

Amber, electrical property, 76

American Antiquarian Society, xxxiii n, xxxiv, xxxv

Amethyst, as preventive of drunkenness, 114

Amulets, 174

Anatomists, 132; on nerves of sense, 178; on parts of the human body, 198; on seminal organs, 143; on time of the pulse, 192

Anatomy, 4, 126 n; of the brain, 152; of the ear, 166–167; of the eye, 152–153

Andros, Sir Edmund, xxii

Angles of incidence and reflection, 48–49, 84, 109, 157, 166, 167

Animal secretion, 128

Animal soul, 144, 145–146, 149, 180, 181, 187 n, 188–190, 196 n, 197, 199

Animal spirits, 44, 52, 114, 129, 135, 138, 170, 171, 174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 187, 189, 192, 194

Animals, 40, 53, 83, 86, 98, 149–151, 152–205; distinction from plants, 135; division into man and brute, 7, 10, 79, 126, 127, 149, 196–198; growth, 134–138; procreation, 143–148

Antimony, use in manufacture of bell metal, 122, 124, 125

Antiperistasis, 47, 48 n, 49, 81, 83, 85

Ants, 196

Apogees, 23

Apples, 140

Apricots, 140

Aqua fortis, use in dissolving metal, 122

Aqua regis, use in dissolving and testing gold, 119, 121

Aquinas, St. Thomas, xxxvi n, 185 n

Architecture, relation to music, 171, 172, 201–202

Aristotelians, xxxvi–xxxix; on cold, 42; on sand, 38

Aristotle, xxxvi, xxxvi n, xxxvii; definitions: of color, 158; of efficient, 16; of external place, 16; of light, 155; ignorance of tides, 62; on intelligences of heavenly orbs, 21, 25; logic, 10 n; pronouncement on heavenly body, 20; on mixed body, 78; on regions of air, 48 n; on souls of brutes, 188; system of the world, 21–22; writings relevant to Morton’s discussion, 7 n, 9 n, 20 n, 36 n, 42 n, 61 n, 73 n, 78 n, 81 n, 94 n, 100 n, 108 n, 126 n, 134 n, 149 n, 152 n, 163 n, 174 n, 180 n, 187 n, 194 n, 196 n

Arithmetic. See Mathematics

Arsenic, 125; steams, 87, 125

Asafœtida, 175

Ash tree, source of manna, 105; use in musical instruments, 164, 166

Astrology, 28–30, 35

Astronomy, 28 n, 33; advance in, 20, 23, 93; astronomical time, 217; use of eclipses in, 34–35. See also Earth; Moon; Sun, etc.

Atmosphere, 86; extent, 48, 85, 93; relation to trade winds, 94; steams, 49, 50; temper, 104; weight, 51, 52, 59

Atomists, xxxix; on fluids, 38; on matter, 36; on vacuities, 210

Atoms, 15, 18; magnetic, 75–76; not the origin of world, 206

Ayer, Obadiah, xxxiv

Azimuth circle, 92

Bacon, Francis, xxxvii, xxxix, 118, 163 n

Bagpipes, 149

Bailey, John, xxii

Baldwin, Christopher Columbus, xxxiv

Baliano, Giovanni Battista, 215, 215 n

Ball, Sir Peter, 167, 167 n

Barbecuing, 127

Barometers, 51, 52

Barometric pressure, 48 n

Beale, Bartholomew, xxxiii, xxxiii n

Beale, John, 28, 28 n

Beavers, 197

Beer, brewing of, 56; spoiling by thunder, etc., 168; time of fermentation, 82; weight, 60

Bees, 105, 196

Beeswax, 55

Bell metal, 122, 124, 125; springiness, 164

Bellows, use in kindling fire, 43; in ventilating mines, 118

Bible, quoted or alluded to: on animal soul, 188; on astrology, 29–30; on chaos, 13; on confusion of tongues, 32; on Copernican scheme, 24; on dew of youth, 136; on division into heaven and earth, 20; on duration of the earth, 74; on duration of gold, 119; on hailstones, 103; on influence of heavenly bodies, 27, 28; on naming of ships, 82; on privation, 10; on procreation, 143, 144; on the rainbow as the seal of God’s covenant, 109, 111; on the sea, 61; on the soul, 11, 145; on springs, 70; on study of natural philosophy, 4

Biddle, John, xvii

Birch, Thomas, 28 n, 48 n, 167 n

Birdlime, 39

Birds, 21, 23, 182, 210; carnivorous, 127; growth, 136; hibernation, 192 n; imitation of sounds, 205; song, 170

Birthmarks, 144

Blackstone, William, vii n

Blake, James (d 1771), xxxiv

— Samuel (d 1715), xxxiv

Bleeding, use and danger in medicine, 133

Blindness, 9–10; touch a substitute for sight in, 177

Blister, use in medicine, 133

Blome, Richard, xxxviii, xxxviii n, 7 n

Blood, circulation, 45, 131–132, 144, 152, 192–193, 194; composition, 128, 129, 131, 143; distinguishes perfect from imperfect brutes, 196; fermentation, 133; heat of, in animals, 197; similarity to yolk of egg, 147

Bloodstone, medicinal use of, 114

Bodleian Library, xxxiii

Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, 187 n

Boston Public Library, xxxiv

Botany, advance of, 4; subjects treated in, 142. See also Plants; Vegetables, etc.

Boyle, Robert, xii, xxvi, xxviii, xxxix, xxxix n, xl, xl n; on circumference of the earth, 32 n; on cold, 107; on color, 111, 159, 160, on fluids, 36 n; on form, 11; interest in process for sweetening salt water, 71 n; interest in star-shoot, 83 n; letter to, from John Wallis, 213; on mines, 117 n; on the origin of gems, 115, 115 n, 134; on the spring of the air, 164; on time, 17; writings relevant to Morton’s discussion, 32 n, 36 n, 42 n, 43 n, 48 n, 61 n, 73 n, 81 n, 100 n, 108 n, 113 n, 133 n, 152 n, 164 n

Bradstreet, Simon, xxviii

Brahe, Tycho, 20 n; on comet of 1577, 92, 92 n; on magnitude of the moon, 216; on system of the world, 21, 23–24, 25 (fig.)

Brain, anatomy of, 152; animal spirits, 174, 183, 187, 194; effect of odors on, 174–175; formation of ideas, 200; making of images, 151; operations hindered by sickness of body, 28; relation of nerves to, 152, 177; seat of common sense, 161, 164; seat of interior senses, 180, 181, 182, 183; temperament, 183, 199

Brandy, use in coloring water, 101

Brass, composition of, 124, 125; instruments of, used by Phoenicians, 123; springiness, 164; use in making pewter, 122; weighing with, a test of gold, 121

Brattle, Thomas (d 1713), 161 n

— William (d 1717), xxiii, xxiv, xxviii

Bread, 174, 180; making, 56–57

Breathing. See Respiration

Brewing, 55, 71

Brimstone, 102, 122, 125

Briony, 136

Britain, origin of name, 123

Brooke, Christopher, xiv

Brown, John (d 1742), xxxv

Browne, Thomas, 52 n

Bunyan, John, xvii n

Burning glass, 43, 157

Burning lances, 85

Burton, Robert, on anatomy, 126 n; on circumference of the earth, 32 n; on “neoterics,” 134 n; on physiology, 174 n; writings relevant to Morton’s discussion, 149 n

Bushell, Thomas, 118, 118 n

Butler, William, 120, 120 n

Byles, Mather (d 1788), xxxv

Cabbage, destruction by vine, 140

Calamine stones, 124, 125

Calamy, Edmund, vii n, xiv, xiv n, xv n, xvii, xvii n

Cambridge Ministerial Association, xxv; issues “Proposals for Recording of Illustrious Providences,” xxvii–xxviii; on spectral evidence, xxvii

Capillary vessels, 45, 131

Cardan, Girolamo, 58 n

Cartesians, xxxvii–xxxix; on animal soul, 149 n, 180 n, 196 n; on effluvia, 161 n; on gravity, 73; on matter, 210; on pineal gland, 199; on vortices, 20 n. See also Descartes

Cassiopeia, new star in, 92

Castor and Pollux, a fiery meteor, 82

Cats, growth of, 136; light reflected by eyes of, 127; unfit for human food, 84

Caverns, water in, 62, 70; wind in, cause of earthquakes, 98, 99

Ceterach, 141

Chaderton, Lawrence, vii n

Chalk, use in improving land, 116

Charleton, Walter, 128, 128 n

Chasm, an appearing meteor, 108, 109

Chemistry, advance in, 4; analytical methods, 83, 142; coloring infusions, 101; matter, 36; metals, 75, 118, 122, 123, 124; odors, 174; vinous spirits, 83

Chrysolite, 115

Chyle, circulation, 194; preparation, 127–130

Chyme, preparation, 130–131; quality, 129

Civet cat, 175

Clamminess, a second quality, 39, 56, 76, 113

Clark, William (d 1684), 81 n

Clarke, Samuel (d 1683), vii n

Cleaveland, Parker, xxxiii

Climate, influence on growth, 136. See also Weather

Clocks, motion of, 14, 16, 149

Clouds, 100; about the sun, 20; appearance of, with burning lances, 85; carriers of rain, 85, 86, 141; cause of darkness, 103–104; cold, 85, 86, 94, 111; Milky Way appears like, 31; parting of, a cause of sound, 164; place, 47, 48, 90, 94; prognosticated by conjunction of moon and Saturn, 28; reflection by, 108–111; source, 96; source of snow, 102–103; source of star-shoot, denied, 84; source of thunderbolt, 87

Cloverseed, 142

Coal, 43, 44, 104

Codling, 139

Cogitation, 181, 200, 201

Coinage, of gold, 119, 121; of copper, 124

Cold, a first quality, 37, 41, 42, 51, 53, 73, 78, 79, 80, 141, 177; cause of gravity, 39; effect on thermometers, 50

Cole, William, 128, 128 n

Color, xxxi; cause of, 158–160; of the eye, 153; of the face, 79; of light, 89; of plants, 142; of the rainbow, 110–112; of the yolk of eggs, 147; perception of, 150, 151, 183, 200

Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 70, 70 n

Comets, 89–93; location, 20; not fiery meteors, 88

Comfery, 140

Common sense, 151; function of, 164, 180–181; obstruction by sleep, 194; seat of, 161, 164

Compass, boxing the, 94 n, 97. See also Loadstones

Concoction, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133; of manna, 105; of prolific seed, 143

Conscience, in animals, 196; definition, 204

Constellations, in astrology, 29; influence in locating mines, 117; number and names, 31

Contemplation, 183; difficulty of, 202; the end of science, 3

Convolvulus, 136, 137

Copernicus, 20 n; on the ecliptic, 68, 69, 76; on motion of the earth, 91; on tides, 62; hypothesis of, 63; scriptures used against, 24, 74; system, 21, 22–23, 25 (fig.), 32, 64

Copper, 119, 123–124; use in making brass, 125

Cork, buoyancy, 54; levity, 44, 50; rarity, 38

Corn, diseases of, 104, 105; effects of wind on, 158; preparation of soil for, 116

Cornwall, diamonds, 115; fiery meteors seen in, 87; stones found in, 116; tin mining, 115, 117 n, 118, 122, 123

Corpuscularianism, xxxix, 15, 36, 145. See also Atomists; Atoms

Corruption, ancient doctrine of, 13–14, 17–18, 78; caused by thunder, 87; in heavenly bodies, 20, 21; of popery, 203; of the soul, denied, 188, 190

Counterfeiting, 121–122

Cowles, Thomas, 52 n

Cox, Daniel, 116 n

Crabs, 197

Crassitude, a second quality, 38, 43, 82

Creeping, 190, 191

Crickets, 196, 197

Crocodiles, 197

Cromwell, Oliver, xii, xiii

Cruso, Timothy, xvi

Crystal, 115

Crystalline sphere, 21, 22, 24 (fig.), 31

Culpeper, Nicholas, xxxviii n

Curwin, George (d 1717), xxxiv

Dancing, 191; tunes for, 172

Darnel, 140

Dart, a fiery meteor, 97

Deal, use in musical instruments, 164

Death, 10, 17, 126; sign of, 163

Dee, John, 28 n

Deer, motion of, 190; shedding of tears by, 205

Defoe, Daniel, xvi, xvii

Density, a second quality, 38, 177; effect on light, 160

Desaguliers, John Theophilus, xxxi

Descartes, René, xxxvii–xxxix, 15 n, 113 n; on animal motion, 188; on color, 108 n; on earthquakes, 94 n; on external place, 16; on matter, 36; writings relevant to Morton’s discussion, 11 n, 36 n, 81 n, 186 n, 187 n. See also Cartesians

Devil, xxv, xxvii, 143; part played by, in astrology, 29; part played by, in dreams, 195; power over preternatural fiery meteors, 87

Dew, 103, 104–105; lack of, on high mountains, 48; steamy, 132

Diamonds, color, 159; shape, 134; value, 115

Diaphoretics, use in reducing fat, 138

Digby, Sir Kenelm, 28 n

Digestion, animal, 126–130, 137; plant, 134; a process in chemistry, 142

Disease, caused by heavenly bodies, 28, 29; cure in time of pestilence, 52; of human body, 79; of plants, 74. See also Medicine

Distillation, art of, 100; in chemistry, 142; in fresh-water fountains, 70; steam the basis of, 45

Dogs, blind at birth, 9; bristling hair, 158; delight in man’s company, 197; growth, 136; hunting, 174; laughter, 205; motion, 188; reason in, 180, 196; souls, 149–150, 197, 199; unfit for human food, 127

Drake, Sir Francis, 74

Dreams, 194–195; use in locating mines, 117

Dry, a first quality, 37, 41, 42, 73, 78, 79; not conducive to odor, 174; preservative of spirituous matter, 141–142; relation to taste, 177; in stone, 113

Ductility, 113, 117; of gold, 119–120; of lead, 123; lacking in middle minerals, 125; of silver, 122

Dudley, Joseph, xx, xxi

Du Hamel, Jean Baptiste, xxxviii

Dunton, John, xx, xx n, xxiii n

Dyestuffs, 158, 159

Ear, agreement between eye and, in harmony, 172; anatomy, 163–164; organ of sound, 163, 173, 188; pleasure of music to, 170, 171; position of, for echo, 166–167; of Saturn, 33; strong sound harmful to, 168

Earth, Aristotelian element, 36, 42, 73; atmosphere, 48, 93, 94–95; body, 40, 53; caverns, 69–70, 98–99, 114; center, 50, 84; coldness, 42, 73; circumference, 31 n, 32, 32 n; dryness, 42, 73; figure, 73–74; gravity, 73; habitableness, 34; home of beasts, 197; influence of heavenly bodies on, 27; juices, 134–135; magnetism, 18, 75–76; magnitude, 31, 34; motion, 18, 22, 23, 24, 64–69, 93, 94–95, 213–218; a passive particle, 36, 37, 45, 55, 60, 73, 85, 113, 119; Place in eclipses, 34, 74; plastic virtue, 139; pores, 70, 102; position, 21, 24 (fig.); reflection of sun’s light by, 33, 47; regions, 74–75; solidity, 73; steams, 85, 91, 94–95, 103–104; veins, 117

Earthquakes, cause, 98–99; Descartes on, 94 n

Earthworms, 197; motion, 130, 191

Echoes, 165–167

Eclipses, of comets, 92; lunar, 33, 34; solar, 34; uses, 34–35, 93

Ecliptic, 34, 64, 66, 68, 69, 76, 218

Eells, Nathaniel (d 1750), xxxiv

Eels, 136

Effluvia, doctrine of, 161 n; of the earth, 85, 134; necessary to odors, 174

Eighth sphere, 22, 24 (fig.), 31

Elasticity, a second quality, 39; of the air, 49–50; effects of, 40; of iron, 125

Elder (shrub), 142

Electricity, 40, 40 n, 76

Elements, definition, 7, 20, 36–37; qualities, 37–41; union in mixed bodies, 78, 113. See also Air; Earth; Fire; Water

Elephants, 188, 196

Elms, 140

Embryo, 10; marks in, 144; preparation to receive the soul, 13

Embryology, 139 n, 146–147

Emerson, John (d 1732), xxiv

Empedocles, xxxvi

Epicurus, 206

Equator, difference from ecliptic, 218; greatest tides at, 65, 69

Equinoxes, days shortest at, 218; position of earth at, 65, 69; tides at, 63, 69, 217

Esculapius, 4

Ether, 21, 25, 50, 59

Ethics, 177, 186, 204

Evaporation, cause of scent, 49; prevention, 56, 70, 98; salt-making by, 61; of spirits, 194; of water, 40, 45, 113

Evelyn, John, xiv, xiv n

Evers, 140

Evil eye, denied, 161

Eye, anatomy, 152–155; appearance in embryo, 147; organ of sight, 160; position of, a cause of differences in appearing meteors, 108–111; position of, a cause of differences in comets, 89, 90, 92; proportion pleasing to, 171, 172; reception of images by, 183; retina, 154–155, 161, 164, 183; spirits of, 44, 161; tear glands, 205; tenderness, 98. See also Sight

Fairfax, Thomas, ix

Falling stars, 83–85

Fancy, 181; contrasted with reason, 108, 114, 184, 194–195; operation, 144; relation to intellect, 199

Fencing, 191

Fermentation, in brewing, 56; cause of, 45–46, 81, 174; effects, 27, 85, 98, 135, 168, 194; in stomach, 129, 152; subterraneous, 69; time of, 82

Fernel, Jean, 130, 130 n

Ferns: maidenhair, 139 n, 141; male, 139 n, 141

Fir, use in musical instruments, 166

Fire, 36, 42–46; effects, 78, 85–86, 113; effects on magnet, 76; effects on sound, 166; kitchen, 104; mixture with wind in blasts, 98; particles of, 100; place, 21, 40, 47, 48; rain of, 102; tenuity, 38, 73, 210; test of gold, 121; test of silver, 122; transmutation, 41; unsuitable to animal nature, 197. See also Flame

Fire-engines, 58

Fire-stones, 113, 116

Fish, 23, 210; breathing, xxiii, 197; breeding and nourishment, 57; effect of loud sound on, 168; phosphorescence of putrid, 84

Fitch, Jabez, 3 n

Fitzgerald, Robert, 71 n

Flame, affections, 44–45; cause, 43, 81, 157; fluidity, 42; of life, 192; life of brutes compared to, 145; light, 85, 86, 88, 155, 156; matter, 44, 149; motion, 155. See also Fire

Fleas, 190, 196

Flies, 147, 196

Fluidity, 37, 38; of air, 49; confusion with humidity, 53; effects, 39, 57, 61, 63, 64; of fire, 142; of water, 53. See also Moist

Fluids, 36 n, 38, 64; nature of, 40

Flying, 191, 191 n; man’s hope of, 191, 210

Flying dragon, a fiery meteor, 82

Fountains, artificial, 50; cause, 62, 69, 70; fresh-water, 70; mineral and salt, 62, 72, 125; in mines, 117, 118; place, 70, 98, 99, 114

Foxes, 174

Freestone, use in roofing houses, 116

Frogs, 197; breeding, 147; rains of, 101

Frost, effect, 47; sign of rain, 106; usefulness to health, 52

Fume, 81

Furze-balls, 142

Fusibility, 113, 117, 125; of tin, 122

Gadbury, John, 29, 29 n

Gale, Theophilus, xv n

Galen, 78 n

Galileo, on astronomical measures, 93; defense of Copernican scheme, 24, 25; Morton’s knowledge of, 33 n, 62 n; system condemned by the pope, 23; on tides, 63, 68, 69, 213, 214, 215

Gall, formation, 128, 131; function, 130, 175

Garden, George, 94 n

Gassendi, Pierre, xxxix, 15 n, 20 n, 206 n; on Copernican system, 23; on earth’s circumference, 32 n; on matter, 36

Gataker, Thomas, 30, 30 n

Geese, 129

Gems, origin, 114–116, 134; value, 115

Generation, of animals, 143–148, 189, 196; definition, 17–18; of meteors, 47; not observed by ancients in heavenly bodies, 20; principles, xxiii, 10, 12, 13, 207; of stone, 113; of vegetables, 126

Geography, use of eclipses in, 34

Geometry. See Mathematics

Gilbert, William, 75 n

Ginger, 177

Glands, atrabilious, 128; gastric, 128; pineal, 199; salivary, 128, 131, 176; sweat, 131; tear, 131, 205

Glanvill, Joseph, xxvi

Glass, 125; making of, 45, 86; painting, 124; porousness, 38, 50; specular (see Looking glasses); trigonal (see Prisms); vibration, 164

Glasshouses, 113

Gloucester Cathedral, whispering-place at, 167

Glowworms, cause of light in, 84

Goddard, Jonathan, xiii

Godolphin, Francis, 121, 121 n

Godolphin Ball, 117 n, 121

Gold, 119–121; compared with copper and iron, 124–125; compared with lead, 123; compared with silver, 122; porousness, 38

Grafting, of trees, 139–141

Grasshoppers, 190, 197

Gravity, xxiii, 14, 18, 19, 37 n, 39, 40, 185; attribute of water, 53, 57–61, 64, 165 n, 214; cause of, disputed, 18, 19, 39, 75; center of, xxxi, 26, 54, 187, 191; definition, 73; earth’s center of, 64, 69, 216; natural to all bodies, 25

Grease, aid to motion, 39; removal by soap, 56; use in waterproofing, 55

Greenleaf, Daniel, xxxiii–xxxiv, xxxv–xxxvi, 3 n

Greenwood, Isaac, xxxi

Gresham College, xii, xiii, xviii–xix, 89 n, 93, 139 n

Grew, Nehemiah, xiii

Gridley, Jeremiah, xxxii–xxxiii, xxxv

Griffin, Anthony, 29 n

Growth, cause, 142; in plants and animals, 134–138

Gunpowder, ingredients of, 55, 85

Guns, cause of sound made by, 164, 169; harmful effects of sound of, 168; mechanism, 87, 168; souring of liquors by, 87, 168; use in pestilences, 52, 168; wind guns, 50

Hail, a watery meteor, 100, 103

Halo, an appearing meteor, 108, 109, 112

Hannibal, 117, 118 n

Hardness, of earth, 73; of iron, 124; a second quality, 38, 42, 78–79, 151, 177; of stone, 79

Harpsichords, 173

Harvard, John, viii, xxi, 79 n

— Robert, viii

— Thomas, viii, viii n

Harvard College, corporation, sponsors “Proposals for Recording Illustrious Providences,” xxvii–xxviii; Morton legacy, xxix; Morton’s MS. outlines used at, xxiii, xxxi–xxxvi, 3 n; objection to Morton’s private teaching, xxiv; presidency, xix–xxiii; Stoughton College, xxiv; text-books used at, xxxviii–xxxix

Harvard University Archives, xxxiv, xxxv

Harvey, William, on circulation of the blood, 45 n, 131; on embryology, 139 n, 146; on quantity of the blood, 193. 193 n

Headache, cause of, 175, 178

Health, definition, 126; influence of heavenly bodies on, 29; perspiration essential to, 133; relation of earths and minerals to, 79; relation to growth, 137; sleep essential to, 195

Hearing, 79, 149, 151, 152, 163–173, 181

Heart, anatomy, 131; cooling of, 197; development in embryo, 147; pulse a motion of, 192–193; quantity of blood in, 132, 193; seat of will, 199

Heat, xxiii, xxv; of blood, 197; cause, 33, 45, 56, 59, 95; degrees, 18, 86; effects, 37, 81, 111, 113, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 154, 157, 166; held by silver vessels, 122; relation of altitude to, 48, 49; of the sun, 74; sun the fountain of, 47. See also Hot

Helena, a fiery meteor, 82

Hematite, medicinal use, 114

Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 120, 120 n

Herbs, propagation, 140; scent, 175, 176; stewed with mushrooms, 142; use, 208

Hevel, Johann, 192 n, 216, 216 n

Heydon, Christopher, 30, 30 n

Hippocratic Collection, 78 n

History, 207; use of eclipses in, 34

Hoar, Leonard, xix, xxii

Hobbes, Thomas, 206 n

Hogs, 129, 174, 175

Hollis, Thomas (d 1731), xxxi

Hone, 116

Honey, 104–105

Hooke, Robert, xxxix; on astronomical measures, 93; writings relevant to Morton’s discussion, 28 n, 48 n, 89 n, 139 n

Hooker, Thomas, vii n

Hops, effect of sun on, 136–137; use in brewing, 56

Hornberger, Theodore, introduction to Morton’s Compendium, xxxi–xl

Hornets, 147

Horseradish, 140

Horses, bells and trumpets pleasing to, 170; certain herbs inedible by, 175; phantasms of, 182; teachableness, 196; time of growth, 136; unfit for human food, 127

Horsey, Henry, xx

Hot, chief cause of levity, 39; effects, 142; a first quality, 37–38, 41, 42, 51, 78, 79, 177. See also Heat

Hourglass, 16, 38

Humors, ancient theory doubted, 132; cause, 79; expansion of, a cause of pain, 178; of the eye, 152, 153–154; quality, 129; repulsion by medicine, 120, 123

Hunger, cause, 129

Hunting, 174–175

Ice, 37, 42, 106–107

Ignis fatuus, a fiery meteor, 82

Ignis lambens, a fiery meteor, 83

Images, function in apprehension, 150, 151, 153, 181; in memory, 182. See also Phantasms

Imagination, 181, 202

Insects, distinction from perfect brutes, 196; procreation, 147–148

Instinct, 175, 182, 185, 195

Iron, 119, 121, 124–125, 127; cause of magnetic influence on, 75; use to stop vibration, 168

Ironside, Gilbert, xiii

Ivy, 136

Jacinth, 115

James II, of England, Declaration of Indulgence, xix

Jet, electrical property of, 76

Jew’s-ear, 142

Johnson, Isaac, vii n

Johnstone, John, xxxviii n

Jumping, 190

Jupiter, 24 (fig.), 32 (fig.); chemical name for tin, 122; conjunction with moon, 28; magnitude, 32 (fig.), 215; moons, 23, 215; motion, 22, 32 (fig.)

Kepler, Johann, 20 n, 23

Kestell, John, ix

—— Thomas, vii

Kidney beans, 136–137

Kidneys, separation of urine by, 128, 131, 132

Kittredge, George Lyman, xxv

Lacteal vessels, 130–131

Lapis caliminaris. See Calamine stones Lead, 119, 123; inflexibility, 39; medicinal use 120, 123; mines, 101; mixture with tin for pewter, 122, 125

Leather, preparation, 55

Lee, Samuel, xiii

Leeches, 196

Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 45 n

Legrand, Antoine, writings relevant to Morton’s discussions, xxxviii, xxxix, 7 n, 16 n, 20 n, 31 n, 32 n, 33 n, 53 n, 73 n, 108 n, 113 n, 126 n, 149 n, 152 n, 174 n, 187 n, 193 n, 194 n

Lemnius, Livinus, 79, 79 n

Lemon juice, use in removing grease, 56

Leverett, John (d 1724), xxiii, xxiv, xxviii

Levity, a second quality, 18, 36 n, 39–40. See also Gravity

Lice, 196

Light, xxv, xxvi; of appearing meteors, 108–112; cause of, in flame, 44, 149; of fiery meteors, 87; of flame, 44, 86; modification in color, 158–160; phenomena of, xxiii, 155–158; of the planets, 23, 33–35; reception by eye, 153; of stars, 23, 32; of sun, 22, 23, 27, 50, 89, 125

Lightning, 85–87; place of, 48

Lillie, William, 30 n

Lime, boiling of, 46, 69, 81; salt of, 55; use of, for preserving seeds, 141; weight, 60

Lindall, Timothy, 3 n

Liquors, cold, 46

Lister, Martin, 61 n

Liver, separation of gall by, 128, 130, 131

Lixiviums, 57, 60, 87

Lizards, 197

Loadstones, 76, 121. See also Magnets

Lobsters, 130

Locomotion, 18, 39, 149, 150, 187–193, 199

Log line, 53, 54, 55

Logic, Aristotelian, xxxvi, 9 n; definition, 184, 202; difference from physics in use of matter and form, 9–11; processes, 200; quantity in, 15

Logwood, coloring of water by, 101

Long blaze, a fiery meteor, 87

Looking glasses, 108, 153; images in, 151; making of, 117, 122

Lower, Richard, 193 n

Lucretius, xxxviii

Lullius, Raimundus, 121

Lungs, function, 197; relation to voice, 196; respiration a motion of, 192

Lusitanus, Zachutus, 130

Magnetism, xxiii, 39, 40, 73 n; of the earth, 75; of the moon, 62, 215

Magnets, xiv, 75–76, 114, 124. See also Loadstones; Magnetism

Malpighi, Marcello, 45 n

Malt, 56

Man, distinction from brute, 7, 11, 146, 196, 198–205

Manna, 104, 105–106

Maple, use in musical instruments, 164

Maps, making of, 31, 54

Marble, use as building-stone, 116

Marcasite, 125

Marl, use in improving land, 116

Marriott, Obadiah, xx n

Mars, chemical name for iron, 124; color, 90; conjunction with moon a sign of windy weather, 28; magnitude, 32 (fig.); motion 22, 32 (fig.); position, 23; significance of, in destroying Ptolemaic system, 24

Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxv, 3 n

Mathematics, branches of: algebra, 202; arithmetic, 26 n, 78, 171, 201, 202; geometry, 25, 31, 34, 78, 79, 120; mechanics, xxiii, 59; optics, 4, 103, 108–112, 151, 153, 157, 160–161, 176; trigonometry, 68; difference from physics in use of body, 15, 124; of music, 170–173

Mathematical instruments, xiv, xvi, xxxi, 124. See also Microscopes; Telescopes

Mather, Cotton, and witchcraft, xxv n, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii

—— Increase, xix, xx n, xxi, xxviii, 165 n; on the evil eye, 161 n; rector of Harvard College, xxiii, xxiv; and witchcraft, xxvi, xxvii

—— Samuel (d 1671), x, x n

Matter, 3, 15, 16, 17, 21, 37, 38, 78, 85, 98, 126, 149, 187, 189, 200, 206, 207; celestial, 76; combustible, 86, 145, 154; of comets, 89–91; conservation, xxiii, 73; definition, 9–14; Descartes on, 26, 310; ethereal, 50; first and second, 13–14; of flame, 44, 81, 83; indestructibility, 18, 209; of light, 155, 156; modification, 42, 80, 188; motion of, a cause of fire, 43; putrid, 196; of seed, 143

Mayerne, Theodore Turquet de, 120, 120 n

Medicine, as aid to digestion, 129; ancient, 78 n; complexions in, 79; knowledge of physics useful in, 3, 4, 5; object, body as healable, 7; purpose, 127; use of copper in, 124; use of gold in, 119, 120; use of lead in, 123; use of plants in, 79, 142; use of scents in, 175; use of stones in, 114

Memory, 151, 180, 182–184; of animals, 149, 188; intellectual, 194, 202

Mercator, Gerard, 31 n

Mercury, an active particle, 36, 75; in barometer, 51, 52; component of metal, 117, 119; medicinal use, 120; a middle mineral, 125; steam, 120; use in making looking glasses, 122; weight, 123

Mercury (mythology), 29

Mercury (astronomy), magnitude, 32 (fig.); motion, 22; position, 22–23, 24 (fig.), 32 (fig.)

Merret, Christopher, 117 n

Metals, 7, 74, 75, 76, 117–125; elasticity, 39; fusibility, 113; melting, 27, 86

Meteors, 7, 20; airy, 94–99; appearing, 108–112; fiery, 81–88; generation, 47; influence of heavenly bodies on, 28; watery, 100–107

Miasmas, 52, 175

Mice, 147

Microscopes, discoveries made with, 139 n, 142, 159, 191, 196

Mildew, 104–105

Miller, Perry, 200 n

Mine damp, 118

Mineral waters, 60, 72

Minerals, 7, 79; formation, 62; fusibility, 113, 125; nitro-sulphurious, 69; salt of, 46; steams, 75, 85, 101; taint in drinking water, 72, 125

Mines and mining, 117–118; lead, 101; silver, 122; tin, 121 n; water in, 70

Mint, 140

Minute glass, use by mariners, 53

Mist, 103–104

Mistletoe, 142

Moist, a first quality, 27, 37, 41, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51, 53, 69, 74, 78, 79, 81, 85, 86, 100, 113, 136, 137, 138, 142, 147, 148, 166, 174, 177, 197. See also Fluidity

Moles, 197

Monkeys, 197

Monochords, 170

Monsoons, 94 n, 95–96

Moody, Joshua (d 1697), xxi, xxii, xxvii

Moon, conjunction with Venus or Jupiter, 28; distance from earth, 93; eclipses, 34, 74; habitableness, 34, 208; halo, 108; hibernation of birds in, 192 n; hills and dales in, 20, 33; influence, 27, 213; light, 33; magnitude, 32 (fig.), 89, 92; man in the, 33; measure of months, 16; motion, 22, 32 (fig.); orb, 40, 43; paraselene, or mock, 108; position, 23, 24 (fig.); relation to tides, 62, 66, 67, 213–217

Moonwort, 141

Moore, Norman, 120 n

Morison, Samuel E., biographical sketch of Charles Morton, vii–xxix

Morland, Samuel, 164

Morley, Thomas, 170 n

Morton, Charles, biographical sketch, by S. E. Morison, vii–xxix

—— John, viii, viii n

—— Nicholas, vii–ix

—— Nicholas, Jr., viii, viii n

Mosses, observation by microscope, 142

Motion, xxiii, xxv, 15, 39, 40, 73; of animals, 149, 152, 187–193; anti-Aristotelian concept of, 11 n; of the atmosphere, 94–95; of atoms in magnetism, 75; of comets, 89, 90, 91–92; definition, 14; of the earth, 76, 93; of flame, 44, 155; of heavens in general, 21–27, 34; of light, 155–157; of matter, cause of fire, 43, 45; measured by time, 16–17; of natural spirits, 45, 144–145, 170, 171, 172–173; object of two senses, 150, 181; of planets, 31 n, 32 (fig.), 33; of plants, 17–19; of tides, 62–69, 213–218; of volatile particles, 46; of water, 53 n, 57–59; of waves, 165

Moxon, Joseph, 94 n

Mundic, 117 n, 125

Mushrooms, 142

Music, 167–173, 176, 201; of the spheres, 22

Musk, 176

Nantwich, Eng., salt springs, 62, 62 n

Nature, definition, 14; God of, 143; law of, 19, 25, 26, 36, 39, 58, 66, 73, 136, 207; mystery of, 4, 124; necessity of touch in, 178; phenomena of, 3, 181; present state of, 208; principles, 14, 19; species, 210; struggle, 47; tones in, 170; work, 100

Navigation, danger of storms, 98; icebergs encountered in, 106; obtaining fresh water at sea, 71; rowing of boats, 191; use of loadstone, 124; use of log line and minute glass, 53–54; use of tides, 62

Neoterics, 134 n, 144

Nerves, 198; of backbone, 187; of the ear, 163, 164, 172; gustatory, 176; of motion and sense, 178; optic, 44, 152–153, 154, 155, 161, 164; sensitive, 180; spirits in, 187; of touch, 177

Nervous liquor, 128, 129

Nervous spirits, 177

Newington Green Academy, xv–xviii

Newton, Isaac, xxxi, xxxvi, 152 n, 206 n

Nightshade, 136

Niter, cause of ice, 106; constituent of fulmen, 85–86; of the earth, 113; fumes, 81, 82; of minerals, 69; particles, 42, 98; of snow and hail, 102–103; steams, 102

Nourishment, by alimentary parts, 12, 189; of animals, 127–132, 143; of embryo, 146; of plants, 126–127

Nowell, Samuel, xix

Oak tree, 142

Oakes, Urian, xix

Object glass, 151, 160

Oil, aid to motion, 39; of malt, 56; matter of flame, 44; weight, 60

Oldenburg, Henry, 28 n

Ore, 117; iron, 124; silver, 122

Otters, 197

Ovid, xxxviii

Oxford University, Wadham College, x–xii

Pain, cause, 178; of hunger, 129

Palate, 127, 176

Palmer, Samuel, xvii n

Palsy, cause, 120; symptoms, 152, 178

Paracelsus, 121

Parallax, of comets, 92

Paraselenae, 108, 108 n

Parhelia, 108, 108 n, 109, 111

Paris, Samuel, xxvi

Parrots, 205

Partridge, William, xxxiii

Partridges, 174

Pascal, Blaise, 48 n, 51

Passions, 185–186, 204, 205; in animals, 149; effect of vehemence of, 182; effect on eye, 161; of light, 158; part of sensation, 150; relation to health, 28

Pears, 140

Pendulums, motion, 18, 26, 63; relation of length of string to time of vibration, 67; use in measurement of time, 54–55, 86

Penetration of dimensions, impossibility of, 50, 156, 210

Penhallow, Samuel, xx, xxiv

Pepper, 177

Perception, in animals, 187, 188; processes, 44, 150–151. See also Hearing; Sight; Smell; Taste; Touch

Peristaltic motion, 130

Perspiration, a cure for fat, 138; of the eye, 161; glands, 131; importance, 133; vinous spirits lost in, 83

Petty, William, xi, xii; on cause of elasticity, 39; on duplicate proportion, 15, 15 n, 115; on place, 16; on time, 17; on value of gems, 115

Pewter, composition, 122, 123, 125; freezing of water in dish of, 107

Phantasms, function, 180–182, 194, 195, 200, 202. See also Fancy; Images

Philosopher’s stone, 121, 122

Phips, Lady Mary, xxii

Phips, Sir William, xxvii

Physiology, 28 n, 126 n, 187 n; of digestive system, 127–133; of muscular motion, 187–189

Pitch, 55

Place, 3, 10 n; definition, 15–16

Placenta, 132

Planets, affections, 32–35; comets considered as, 89; conjunctions, 117; creation, 25–27; definition, 31; habitableness, 208; influence, 29; motion, 18, 22, 25, 91, 215; orbs of, 21; position, 22, 23, 24 (fig.), 50

Plants, aid in finding metals, 117; complexion, 79; definition, 7, 126; distinction from animals, 149; growth, 134–138; injury to, by lightning, 86; injury to, by storm, 98; life of, lived by men, 146; nourishment, 102; propagation, 139–142; source of honey, 105; species, 142–143; spirit, 189; steams, 104; suitable soil necessary for, 74. See also Vegetables

Plaster of Paris, 38, 115

Plastic virtue, in animal procreation, 143, 199; in the earth, 139; in seed, 136, 137–138

Platonic year, 22, 22 n, 27

Platonists, 206

Pliny the Elder, 114, 114 n

Plums, 140

Pneumatics, science of, 145, 198, 199

Poetry, aid to memory, 184; order in, 206

Poliphant, 116

Pope, Walter, xiii

Popery, 29, 203

Pores, of the earth, 70; of human body, 45, 52, 128, 133

Porousness, an aid to motion, 36; of glass, 50; of plants, 140; a second quality, 38, 73; of water, 56, 106

Potash, manufacture, 55, 60

Power, Henry, xxxix; on duration of the world, 209, 209 n; on weight of the atmosphere, 51, 51 n

Precipitation, 56, 72, 119

Priestley, Joseph, xix n

Primum mobile, 21, 22, 23, 24 (fig.), 31, 91,

Printing, improvement of, 4; type, 206

Prisms, xxxi, 159, 160

Privation, definition, 9–10; of heat, 47; of light, 44, 45, 156–157; of light’s reflection, 158; of motion, 19; of touch, 178

Procreation, animal, 139, 143–148; vegetable, 126, 139–142

Prognostics, of fortune, 82; of weather, 28 n, 104, 108, 110, 111, 112

Proportion, arithmetical, 78; geometrical, 79; rule of, 51

Prosthaphæresis, 68, 69

Proverbs: on Hingston Down, 118, 118 n; on hunger, 129; on the number of the stars, 31; on a poor man’s sow, 174; on the rainbow, 111

Providence, in determination of sex, 143; extent of, 190; meditation on works of, 4; slight of, by atheists, 29

Ptolemy, 20 n, 21–22, 23, 24 (fig.), 64

Pulse, 132, 192–193

Pumps, 59–60, 71, 118

Punk, 142

Putrefaction, cause of offensive odors, 175; of fish, 84; in human bodies, 133; not a cause of generation, 147–148; of sea water, 62, 71; of wet hay, 43

Pythagoras, 20 n, 22

Qualities, first and second, 37–41. See also Cold; Dry; Hot; Moist

Quicksilver. See Mercury

Quinces, 139

Rain, 100–102; carrier of seed, 141; cause of growth in plants, 135; cause of springs, 70; clouds, 85, 94; difference from dew, 104; difference from mist, 103; falling stars a sign of, 83; lack of, on high mountains, 48; rainbow a prognostic of, 111; relation to health, 52; in thunderstorms, 86

Rainbow, 108 n, 109–112; colors of, in, 159, 160; of an egg, 147; of the eye, 147

Randolph, Edward, xx, xx n, xxii

Rarefaction, of air, 50; in animals, 135; of the parts of meat, 56; of water, 43

Rarity, a second quality, 38

Ratiocination, 126; process of, 161, 207; unfitting of brain for, by madness, 182. See also Reason

Reason, 27, 161; logic, the art of, 200; not the distinction between brutes and men, 196, 198; place of, in dreams, 195. See also Ratiocination

Redi, Francesco, 139 n

Reflection, of colors, 159, 160; of light, 27, 33–34, 84, 89, 110, 153, 156, 157, 158, 160; of sound, 166–167; of the sun, 109; of sunbeams, 47, 48, 49, 50, 94

Refraction, of light, 156, 157; by prism, 159, 160; rules of, 160; by spectacles, 154; transparence necessary for, 158

Religion, distinction of man from brute, 196, 198, 204

Respiration, of animals, 196, 197; aptness of atmosphere for, 51, 52; as respiration basis of distinction between insects and perfect animals, 196; function of, 131, 192

Rest, opposite of motion, 19; a principle of body, 14; principle of matter, 73, 80

Resurrection, alimentary parts not subject to, 12; soul and body united after, 10

Revelation, by dreams, 195

Riccioli, Giovanni Battista, 215, 215 n

Rice, 142

Rogers, John (d 1684), xix

—— Nathaniel (d 1655), vii n

—— Nathaniel (d 1745), xxxv

Rohault, Jacques, xxxviii

Rooke, Lawrence, xii, xiii

Rosicrucians, 117

Royal Society of London, xi–xiv, xxxvi, xxxix; interest in whispering-place at Gloucester, 167 n; interest in peak of Teneriffe, 48 n; Philosophical Transactions, 48, 91, 213; Morton and, xxxvi, 116 n; interest in star-shoot, 83 n; interest in weather, 28, 28 n

Rubies, 115

Rye, 140

Salamanders, 197

Salt, acid, 46; an active particle, 36, 37, 45, 55, 75, 113, 176, 178; crystallization, 115, 158; mineral, 46, 61, 134, 174; taste, 176, 177; vegetable, 46, 55, 56, 71, 159; vitriol, 115

Saltmaking, 62

Saltpeter, 61, 75

Salt water, 57, 61–62, 71

Salusbury, Thomas, 33 n

Sancroft, William, xx n

Sanctorius, 133, 133 n

Sandarac, 105

Sap, 134

Sassafras, 175

Saturn, 31; chemical symbol for lead, 123; color, 90; conjunction with moon, 28; magnitude, 32 (fig.); moons, 23, 215; motion, 22, 32 (fig.); position, 23, 24 (fig.)

Scales, 60

Scholasticism, xxxvi n, xxxvii, xxxviii, 7 n, 9 n, 185, 207

Scrofula, 120

Sea, 61–69; in the moon, 33; saltness of, 61–62, 71; source of all waters, 189; tides, 23, 62–69, 213–218

Sensation, 126, 149–151, 152–184, 187, 193, 194, 195, 199

Sermons, 175, 184, 202

Serpents, motion, 191; shape, 136

Sewall, Samuel (d 1730), xx n, xxi, xxviii

Sex, in animals, 143; in plants, 139 n, 140

Shepard, Thomas (d 1649), xix, xxi

Shipbuilding, caulking of hulls, 55; sheathing of ships with lead, 123

Shower, John, xvi

Sight, 9, 14, 79, 149, 151, 152–162, 171, 177, 180. See also Eye

Signatures, 144, 181

Silkworms, 147, 148

Silver, 119, 122; ductility, 120, 123; imitation of, 122, 124

Silversmiths, 171

Silver tree, 122

Siphons, xxxi, 58, 59

Slate, 114, 116

Sleep, 193, 194, 195; cause, 175; memorizing in, 184; need of, 147

Slegel, Paulus Marquart, 192 n

Smell, 151, 174–176; in animals, 127

Snails, 130, 191

Sneezing, 175

Snell, Willebrod, 32 n

Snow, 100, 102–103; adhesiveness, 206; difference from ice, 106; on mountains, 48, 96

Soapmaking, 55–56, 60

Softness, a second quality, 38, 80

Soils, variety of, 74

Solder, composition, 122

Soul, animal, 149, 188–190; creation of, 143, 210; human, 198–199; of metal, 120–121; perception by, 44, 162; powers, 152, 181, 200, 203; seat of, 21, 174; union with body, 10–12, 13, 126, 144, 145–146; of the universe, 189, 206; vegetable, 126

Sound, xxiii, 163–173; perception of 79, 150

Speaking trumpets, xvi, 165 n

Specific gravity, 57, 119

Spencer, John, 89 n, 93

Spieghel, Adrian van den, 192 n

Spontaneous generation, denied, 147–148

Sprat, Thomas, xiii

Springs. See Fountains

Star-shoot, 83–84, 83 n, 90

Star stones, 101

Stars, composition, 36; falling, 83, 85; fixed, 22, 23, 24, 28, 31–32, 161, 208; influence, 29; wandering, 23, 31 (see also Planets)

Steams, cold, 27, 47

Steel, ductility, 123; elasticity, 39, 125; flint and, 43

Steel mills, 113

Sterling, 119

Stomach, agreeableness of food to, 174, 176; digestion in, 127–130; heat, 120; of insects, 196

Stone, 113–116; gravity, 185; growth, 134; mineral, 117; transparent, 159; unsuitable for food, 127

Storms, cause, 98; effect on tides, 63, 66; place, 48; seasonal, 95

Stoughton, William, x, xx, xx n, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxix

Sulphur, an active element, 36, 56, 75, 86, 102, 106; cause of subterraneous fires, 69; in flame, 44, 81; fossil, 82; ingredient of gunpowder, 85; levity, 37, 45, 60, 85, 98; a middle mineral, 125; in potash, 55; a principle of body, 36, 85, 117, 119; spirits, 130; volatility, 174

Sun, cause of clouds, 47; clouds in the, 20; composition, 36; conjunction with moon, 27; eclipses, 34; evaporation by, 61, 81, 95, 96, 100, 102, 103; heat, 43, 48, 49, 70, 101, 105; influence on motion of planets, 66, 67, 214, 215; influence on plants, 136, 137; light, 33, 44, 84, 89, 90, 92, 155, 156, 159; motion, 16, 22, 23, 27, 32 (fig.), 215, 216, 217, 218; motion of apogee, 209; position, 22, 23, 24 (fig.), 32, 64, 66; reflection, 108, 109, 110, 111; uninhabitableness, 208

Swimming, 39, 61, 100, 190, 191, 197

Tallow, 55

Tar, 55

Tartar, spirit of, 46, 81

Taste, 79, 151, 176–177; in animals, relation to smell, 127; nauseous, of liquors standing in brass vessels, 124; necessary to swallowing, 127

Tears, 131, 205

Telescopes, xiii; discoveries made with, 20, 23, 31, 32, 33

Temperament, 78–80; of the brain, 183, 199; cold, 138; of the heart, 199; influence of heavenly bodies on, 28

Tendons, 153, 187

Tenuity, a second quality, 38, 43, 162. See also Porousness

Theophrastus, 134 n

Thermometers, xiv, xvi, 50

Thunder, cause, 85–87, 102; place, 48, 98; sound, 99, 164; souring of liquors by, 87, 168

Tides, 23, 62–69, 213–218

Time, an Aristotelian category, 10 n; definition, 16–17; of growth of animals, 136; of growth of trees, 140; necessary to body in general, 3, 15; of planetary motion, 22; of the pulse, 192–193; of revolution of the primum mobile, 22; shown by clocks, 14; of sounds, 167–168

Tin, 119, 122–123; composition, 117; gold, the soul of, 121; mining, 116, 118; use in making bell metal, 124; use in making pewter, 125

Tobacco, 82, 88

Topaz, 115

Torricelli, Evangelista, experiment on weight of the air, xxxi, 51, 59; hydrodynamics of, 57 n

Tortoises, 197

Touch, 79, 151, 174, 177–179

Touchstone, a test of gold, 121; a test of silver, 122

Toughness, a second quality, 38–39

Toulmin, Joshua, xvii n

Trade winds, 23, 94–95

Transmutation, denied, 40–41; of metals, 123. See also Alchemy

Transparency, a cause of color, 158, 159; of the heavenly orbs, 21; of the horny coat of the eye, 153; of precious stones, 114

Trees, growth, 135; propagation, 139–140; shape, 136

Trigonal glass, use in study of colors, 159, 160

Tropics, fiery meteors in, 82; winds in, 23, 94–95

Turquoises, 115

Urine, acid stain of, 159; distillation, 71; function, 133; passages for, 132; separation, by the kidneys, 128, 131; stoppage, 178

Vacuum, abhorred by nature, 14, 39, 48 n, 50, 59, 86, 164, 210; aid to motion, 36, 210

Van Helmont, J. B., 121

Veel, Edward, xviii

Vegetables, composition, 79; definition, 126; growth, 134; lack of, on high mountains, 48; nourishment, 75; salt of, 46, 55, 62; soul, 126, 189

Veins, 131, 152, 198; emulgent, 128; function, 192; jugular, 131; lacteal, 130; mesenteric, 130; navel, 132

Velocity, of the earth, 64–66, 215; of falling bodies, xxxi, 25–26, 40; of light, 157; of running water, measurement of, 54–55, 57

Vena cava, 131, 132, 147

Venus, appearance of, through telescope, 33; chemical name for copper, 123; conjunction with moon, 28; magnitude, 32 (fig.); motion, 22, 32 (fig.); position, 22, 23, 24 (fig.)

Verdigris, 124

Vibration, of air, 164, 188; deadening of, by hangings, 166; of liquors, 168; of nerves, 178; of nervous spirits, 177; of strings, 169, 170, 170 n; of wings of insects, 196

Vinegar, canker of lead by, 123; coloring of water by, 101; cutting resinous bodies with, 56; Hannibal’s use of, 117, 118 n

Viper stone, 114

Virginia creeper, 136

Vitriol, of copper, 124; crystallization, 113, 115; of mundic, 125; spirits, 46, 56, 101, 130; steams, 87

Walking, 190–191

Wallis, John, xii, xxxv, xxxix; on tides, 62 n, 63, 68, 213–218; on vibrating strings, 170 n

Walnuts, 141

Ward, Robert, xxxv, 192 n

—— Seth, xii

Washing, 55, 56, 71

Wasps, 147

Water, 53–72, 76, 100–107; coldness, 41, 42, 53; compared with light, 155; evaporation, 41; extinguishes fire, 43–44; fluidity, 37–38, 42, 53, 55–57; gravity, 57–61; home of fish, 197; humidity, 41, 42, 53; medium of light, 160; medium of sound, 173; mixture with wind, in storm, 98; in the moon, 20, 33; part of fulmen, 85; particles of, in clouds, 84, 94, 98; principle of body, 36, 45; reciprocating movement, 62–69, 213–218; region of, 21, 40, 47, 53; regulation of, in agriculture, 74; specific gravity tested by, 18, 39–40, 50, 60–61; tenuity, 38; waves, 165; weight, 132

Water drinker, 101, 101 n

Waterspouts, 99

Waterwheels, 58, 118

Waterworks, 58

Wax, color, 159; electrical property, 76; hardness, 38; simile of, in discussion of figure, 11–12, 13, 188

Weapon salve, 124

Weather, cold, 148; influence of heavenly bodies on, 27, 28, 29; prognostication of, 28, 103, 108, 111, 112, 148

Weather glasses, 50, 52

Webb, John, xxxiv

Wesley, Samuel, xvi, xvii–xviii, xviii n, 165 n

Whirlwinds, 87, 97, 101

Whiting, Samuel (d 1679), vii n

Widdowes, Daniel, xxxviii n

Wilkins, John, x, xi n, xii, xiii, xiv, 20 n; on conquest of the air, 191 n; on Copernican scheme, 23, 24; on weather forecasting, 28 n

Will, 203–204; actions, 186; seat, 199

Willard, Samuel (d 1707), xxvi, xxvii

Willis, Thomas, xii, 149 n

Willows, 139

Winds, 94–99; artificial conveyance of, 112; carriers of seed, 141; effect on fire, 43; healthfulness, 52; light effects, caused by, 158; partial cause of hail, 103; prevention of rust by, on corn, 105; prognosticated by reddish halo, 118; trade, 23, 94–95; in tropics, 23, 94–95

Wine, fermentation, 82; nourishment by odor of, 174; reflection of light by, 89; spirit of, 43; weight, 60

Witchcraft, xxv–xxvii, 161, 161 n; John Dee accused of, 28 n

Wolves, 174

Womb, 175

Wool, 39, 49–50

World, 206–210; Aristotle’s eternal, 22; bounds to, 15; center, 14, 22, 23, 27, 32; creation, 25, 91, 109, 207; definition, 8; poles, 76; preservation, 14, 18; several systems of, 21–24; visible and invisible, 20–21

Wren, Sir Christopher, xii, xiii

Yale University Library, xxxiii, xxxiv

Zodiac, 22