Index

    * Boldface numbers indicate pages with biographical annotations.

    · A ·

    Abbot, John, 513

    Aberdeen, University of, faculty at, 219

    Act for the collection of revenue from distilled spirits (1794), 321, 322

    Act laying duties on alcohol licenses (1794), 321, 322

    Act laying duties on carriages (1794), 289, 311, 312, 321, 322

    Act to provide for the Defense of certain Ports and Harbors (1794), 265, 267, 270, 271, 272, 276, 277

    Adams, Abigail Smith, 239, 426, 445, 593*

    characterized, 393

    GT’s relations with, 378, 435

    and Quasi-War, lxxix

    on “Republican Court,” lxxxviii

    social life, 393, 394, 396, 435

    Adams, Charles, 394

    Adams, John, lxv, 464, 593

    on Aaron Burr, 239–40

    characterized, lxxx–lxxxi, xciv, 231, 374, 394, 450

    diplomatic career, 31, 63, 238

    at Massachusetts Constitution Convention (1820–21), 526

    praise for, lxxx, 526

    presidency, 372, 426, 445, 456, 576, 596

    cabinet, 394, 410

    communications with Congress, lxix, lxxi, 392, 394, 408, 410, 411, 414–15, 436

    election of 1796, lxix

    election of 1800, 468, 476

    inauguration, 369, 479

    “midnight appointments,” 348

    petitions and memorials to, 427, 428

    public opinion on, lv, 418, 426, 428, 575–76, 577

    and Quasi-War, lxxviii–lxxx, 429

    state of the union address, 371, 374, 375, 377, 395, 396, 465

    relations with

    Gerry, Elbridge, 394

    GT, xix, lxxx, 237, 238, 239, 400–01

    Madison, James, 575

    Priestley, Joseph, 342, 343

    social life, 368, 393, 394, 435, 464, 472–73

    vice presidency, 295

    election of 1788, lxxx

    reelection of 1792, 229, 231

    Adams, John Quincy, xxiii, lxxix, 526

    Adams, Joseph, cv–cvi, cxv, 610, 611

    Adams, Thomas Boylston, lxxii, lxxix

    Adet, Pierre Auguste, political activism of, lxviii–lxix, 403

    Africa, 102, 569, 592, 593

    Agnosticism, xxiv

    Agriculture, 355, 489

    encouragement of, 564, 569

    See also Farming and husbandry

    Aitken, Robert, petition of, 136

    Akron, Ohio, residents, 611

    Alabama statehood, 587

    Albany, New York, ciii, 91

    Albemarle County, Virginia, residents of, 602

    Alcohol. See Distilled spirits

    Alden, Timothy, schooling by, xxiv

    Alexandria, Virginia, excursion to, 471–72

    Alfred, Maine, lxvii, 601

    Algerine pirates, 288

    range of, 245, 246, 264–65

    relations with, 244–45, 247, 248, 270, 272, 291, 294, 321, 353

    Algiers

    comparisons with, lxxxiii, 414, 423

    dey of, 270, 272, 423, 425

    news reported from, 270, 295

    Alice (cousin), 114

    Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), lxx, lxxiv

    effects of, lxxxii–lxxxiii, 604

    GT’s opinion on, lxx–lxxi

    House votes on, lxxi

    public opinion on, lxxvii, 577, 578

    Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

    protests from, 169

    revenue collection in, 323

    Allegory, Roman gods as, 161

    Allen, Ethan, writings of, c–ci

    Almanacs, 598

    Alna (New Milford), Maine, lawyers in, xxxii

    Alsace, France, military operations in, 254, 281

    Ambition, 307, 308

    Amelia County, Virginia, planters in, 598–99

    Amendments to the Constitution

    effects of, 46

    GT’s voting on, liv–lv

    proposed, lxxiii, 45, 161, 354

    support for, l–li, lii, 14, 15–16

    American Advocate (Hallowell, Me.), items printed in, 522

    American Anti-Slavery Society, 587

    American Antiquarian Society, membership in, civ

    American Herald (Boston), items printed in, 555

    “American language,” preference for, 389

    American Peace Society, 533

    American people, wisdom of, 126

    American Philosophical Society, research commissioned by, 267

    American Revolution

    British supporters of, 509

    comparisons to, 510–11, 512

    crisis of 1775, 282

    GT’s experience of, 511, 512

    ideology of, xxii, 520

    leadership in, ci, 40, 394, 485, 593, 594, 598, 600

    legacy of, lvii, 239, 259, 522, 546

    monuments to, 159, 161

    opposition to, domestic, 410, 425, 426, 427–28

    origins of, 210, 275

    parties and factions, xxiii, 13

    predictions about, 94

    See also Loyalists; Revolutionary War

    Ames, Fisher, liv, lx, xcvii, 340, 381, 594

    in 2nd federal election, lxiii

    Bible readings of, 501

    characterized, liv, xciv, 263, 310, 501

    correspondence with, xlix

    paraphrases GT, lxix

    public opinion on, 253, 259–60, 263, 293, 309, 310, 312, 321

    relations with GT, xcv, 136, 223, 250

    role in

    antislavery, 581

    judiciary, federal, 190–91

    ratification, 22

    ways and means, 289

    speeches on trade policy, 254, 259–60, 263

    Ames, Frances Worthington, 223, 594

    Ambition, commentary on, 138

    Amsterdam, The Netherlands, French occupation of, 337

    Anabaptism, writings about, 509

    Anatomy, professorships in, 175

    Ancestors, 233, 431

    Ancien Regime, 242, 292, 295, 314, 315

    Andover, Massachusetts, manufacturers in, xxxiv

    Andover, New Hampshire, residents of, 611

    Angels, 89

    Anglicans (Church of England), 498, 506, 509

    clergy, 222, 410, 500, 532, 597–98

    Animals, cruelty to, xxxix

    Annals of Congress, debate coverage by, lv–lvi, lvii, 357, 592

    Annapolis Convention, delegates to, 596, 600

    Annapolis, Maryland, ratification convention in, 31

    Antifederalists, xxxiv, 371, 578, 594

    characterized, 7, 20, 263

    media relations, 55, 306

    relations with GT, l–liii, lv

    Antigua, West Indies, 279, 281, 300

    Appalachian Mountains, lxxiv

    Appleton, George W., ordination of, 520

    Appleton, Jesse, xcix, 437, 512, 514, 594

    letters to, printed, 485–87, 512–14

    Appleton, Nathaniel Walker, relations with, 535

    Apportionment, 155–56

    constitutional provision, 199

    effects of census on, lxviii, 153, 158, 170

    federal ratio (3/5ths clause), li

    state precedents for, 201–202

    See also Apportionment bills

    Apportionment bills, 158, 160, 170, 171

    Apprentices, 566, 611, 612, 613

    Appropriations Act (1793), 231, 232

    Appropriations Act for 1792, passage of, 170

    Apthorp, Fanny Theodora, “letters” of, 46–47, 49

    Arabic literature, 520

    Archibald, Francis, boardinghouse of, 237, 238

    Architects, 52

    Architectural styles, 53

    Arianism, 507

    Aristides, Publius Ælius, 62, 63

    Aristocracy, 356, 570

    Armies, standing, lxxix

    constitutionality of, 7–8

    dangers of, 21, 450

    Arminianism, xliv, 180, 181, 182, 488

    Arminius, Jacobus, 182

    Arms, right to bear, 550

    Armstrong, John, reports by, 510, 511

    Army, federal, lxxix, 45, 196, 210, 265, 412, 511

    augmentation of, 149, 169, 191, 204, 205, 208, 424

    deployment of, 22, 140, 141, 165, 166, 267, 330

    expenses of, 158, 160, 167

    mobilization, lxix, lxx

    officers, lxi, 165, 436, 450, 508, 600, 603, 607, 613

    public opinion against, 328

    in War of 1812, 510, 511

    in Whiskey Rebellion, 328, 329

    Art, Capt., news conveyed by, 271

    Art, public, 367–68

    Articles of Association (1774), signers, 182

    Articles of Confederation, 182

    inadequacy of, 14, 15, 29

    Artists, itinerant, xvi

    Ashe, John Baptiste, on assumption of state debts, 107

    Ashmun, Eli P., 540

    Asia, 102, 508, 569. See also China; India

    Assembly, right of, xxxiii, xxxiv, 548, 562

    Association, doctrine of, cvi, 113, 520. See also Hartley, David

    Assumption of state debts, 107, 111, 600

    members’ motives, lviii–lix

    predictions about, 104, 106, 108

    See also Supplemental Assumption Act (1792)

    Astronomy, books on, ci

    Athanasian Creed, 133, 185, 186

    Athanasius, 136

    Atheism, 145, 390, 488, 529, 565

    accusations of, xlvii, lxiii–lxiv, lxvi–lxvii, 1, 3, 67, 129, 133, 138, 144, 505

    Atonement, doctrine of, 133, 217, 495, 500, 519, 536

    criticism of, 4, 184, 494, 515, 543

    See also Original Sin

    Attleboro, Massachusetts, residents of, 115

    Attorney General, 160, 281. See also Randolph, Edmund

    Attorneys, federal, duties of, 205

    Augusta (Hallowell), Maine, 483, 484, 514

    courts at, 512, 513

    residents of, 596, 604, 609

    Aurora (Philadelphia), 372

    leaks by, lxxi, lxxiii

    political orientation of, 307, 338, 402, 426

    Austria, 281, 337, 351, 353

    Avery, John Jr., lvi, 195

    correspondence with, 145

    · B ·

    Babylon, Long Island, residents of, 611

    Bache, Benjamin Franklin, lxxii, lxxviii, 307, 402

    criticism of, lxxi, 426

    Backus, Elijah, lxxvi–lxxvii

    correspondence with, lxxxix, 374

    Bacon (cousin), 114

    Bacon, Alice, boardinghouse of, 536, 537

    Bacon, Edward, 500

    Bacon, Lydia Gorham, 488, 500

    Bacon, Sir Francis, writings of, c

    Baffin’s Bay (Arctic Circle), research expedition to, 590, 592

    Bailey Bill (1790), 136

    Bailey, Francis, petition of, 136

    Baker v. Fales (“Dedham Case”), cx, cxi

    Baker, John K., xlv

    Balch, John Tarbox, 611

    Baltimore, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, 300, 315, 519, 543

    lawyers, 532, 543

    merchants, xxv, 277, 279

    petitions from, lx

    trade, 189, 316, 465

    travel to and from, 462

    Unitarian movement in, 515

    Bangs, Edward, 325, 327

    correspondence with, 136

    Bangs, Edward D., 327

    Bangs, Hannah Lynde, 327

    Bank Act (1791), 145, 169

    Bank of New York, deposits at, 189

    Bank of the United States, 311, 596, 600

    shares in, lxii, 189

    Baptism, 158

    Baptists, cxi, 130, 508, 549

    anti-intellectual, 517, 520

    clergy, 344, 520, 612

    Barbados, West Indies, 273, 300

    Barbary Pirates. See Algerine Pirates

    Barbers, respectability of, 412

    Bard, David, housemate, 326

    Barker, Abigail Gorham, 499, 500

    Barker, Jeremiah, 499, 594

    correspondence with, lxiii, cii, 501

    letters to, printed, 488–99, 501–508

    Barlow, Nathan, imprisonment of, xcii

    Barnard, Joseph, 24, 158

    correspondence with, 160–61

    Barnstable, Massachusetts, 35, 116, 605, 610

    clergy in, xxiii, xxiv

    GT in, xxv, 488

    lawyers in, 239, 529, 595, 605

    letters addressed to, 154

    physicians in, xxvii, 594, 608

    residents of, xcii, 115, 116, 327, 499, 500, 595, 597, 606

    Unitarianism in, xxiii–xxiv

    Barnstaple, England, xxvi

    Barras, Paul, 375, 377–78, 400

    Barrell family, 36–37, 66, 69, 104, 140, 602

    Barrell, George, commission for, lxi

    Barrell, Joseph, relations with, 86

    Barrell, Nathaniel, 100, 390, 594

    antifederalism of, xlvi, 13–15

    characterized, 140

    comments on

    Adams, John, lxxx

    federal elections, liv, 135, 231

    French Revolution, 229–30

    immigration, lxxiii

    Indian relations, 209–10

    ratification, l

    “Republican Court,” lxxxviii

    state debts, lviii

    correspondence with, xliii–xliv, cxiii, 105, 246, 294–95, 357, 402

    letters from, acknowledged, 64, 66, 100, 127, 138

    letters to, printed, 7–8, 13–15, 15–22, 36–38, 64–66, 66–69, 71–72, 91–94, 100–104, 138–40, 146–49, 207–209, 227–29, 246–47, 290–94, 312–14, 327–29, 336–37, 348–53, 354–55, 390, 398–400, 408–10, 410–11, 412, 416–17, 438

    portrait of, 128

    relations with, xxiii, xxvi, xxix, xliii, 13, 69, 92, 133

    religious beliefs, 438, 439

    role in ratification, li–lii, 22

    visits, 7, 64, 207, 209, 228

    Barrell, Sarah Sayward, xxvii, xliv, 594

    correspondence with, xcix, 122

    relations with, xxviii, 66, 72, 104, 337, 353, 390, 400, 410, 450

    visits, 140, 207, 228, 449

    Barrell, William, 149

    Barthélemy, François-Marie, marquis de, arrest of, 400

    Bartlett, Bailey, signatory to circular letter, 452

    Bass, Faith Savage, 594

    Bass, Henry, 154, 298, 403, 447, 594

    Bass, Sarah Baker, marriage of, 594

    Bassett, Elizabeth Taylor, 113, 116

    Bassett, John, 116

    Bassett, William, 113

    Bath, Maine, 91, 437

    delegates to Maine constitutional convention, cvi, cviii

    Battle of the Nile (1798), reports of, 440

    Bauman, Sebastian, 84

    Bayard, James A., 411, 413

    Bayle, Pierre, writings of, 104

    Beach, Abraham, 50

    Beattie, James, relations with Joseph Priestley, 217, 219

    Beckley, John, 594

    on congressional politics, 240, 340

    defeat as House Clerk, 372

    Bedford, Pennsylvania, Whiskey Rebellion in, 329

    Beds, purchase of, 419

    Beggars, characterized, lxv, 77

    Belchertown, Massachusetts, 536, 537

    Belden, Richard, books procured through, 367

    Belfast, Maine, revenue collection at, 610

    Belgium (Austrian Netherlands; Flanders), military operations in, 254, 313, 329, 330

    Belknap, Jeremy, 101, 105

    Bell ringing, ceremonial, 149, 345, 367

    Beloe, William, c

    Belsham, Thomas, ciii, 500–501

    role in Unitarian movement, 216, 516

    writings, 493, 520, 541

    Bentley, William, on SST, xxvii

    Berkeley, George (Irish philosopher, 1685–1753), xix

    Berlin, Germany (Prussia), U.S. diplomats at, lxxii

    Berwick, Maine, 93, 607, 610

    elections in, 439

    travel to and from, 64, 453

    Betterment Act, enforcement of, xcii–xciii

    Beverly, Massachusetts, xxxiv, liv, 595

    Bible (as text)

    importance of, xlvii, 215, 439, 497, 546

    study of, 131, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221

    See also Gospels, The; New Testament; Old Testament

    Bibles (as publication)

    government authorization of, 136

    impost on, 130–33, 135, 182

    Biblical references, 532

    Abraham, 564

    Acts, 148, 332

    Adam and Eve, 1, 3, 490, 491, 545

    Ecclesiastes, 7

    Exodus, 228, 507, 575

    Genesis, 145, 231, 437

    “Golden Rule,” 4, 203–04

    Gospels, The, 68, 113, 119, 144, 184–85, 186, 215, 304, 307, 417, 496, 497, 530

    Last Supper, 498

    Letter of James, 519

    Mosaic law, 351

    Moses, 553

    Old Testament, 67, 323, 433

    Pauline letters, 105, 527, 565, 567

    Prophets, 117, 133, 227, 352, 494

    Proverbs, cxiv, 49, 101, 105, 343

    Psalms, 119, 133

    Revelation, 418–19

    Sermon on the Mount, 519, 543

    Solomon and Sheba, 527

    Song of Solomon (Canticles), 519

    “Sons of Belial,” 562

    Ten Commandments, 101, 437

    Bicameralism, benefits of, 19

    Biddeford Pool, Maine, outings to, xcvii

    Biddeford, England, xxvi

    Biddeford, Maine, xxvi, cv, cxi, 79, 96, 135, 137, 224, 453, 468, 601

    churches, xliv, lxvii, ciii, 431

    clergy, cx, 335

    courts, 66, 561

    healthiness of, cxiii

    lawyers, 216, 348, 605, 610

    letters addressed to, 4–6, 23–27, 166–67, 197–98, 225, 231–33, 359–63, 366, 369, 373–78, 391–92, 395–405, 412–34, 440–78, 523–24

    letters dated from, 218

    letters from constituents in, 139

    letters written from, 1–4, 27–30, 64–69, 322–23, 338, 357–58, 392, 395, 402, 405, 485–522 passim, 574–77

    population (1790), xxvi

    post office, xxx, 42, 54, 96, 326, 360, 374

    ratification in, l

    residents of, xxx, xliv, lxxxii, 372, 595, 602, 607, 610, 611

    revenue collection at, 90, 601

    schools, 226, 227, 296, 298, 299, 334, 374, 431, 432

    social life, xxxi, 75, 231, 234, 440, 473

    tax payments to, 453

    travel to and from, 5, 374, 393, 435, 461, 474, 534

    Unitarian movement in, cx, cxi, 216, 358–59

    view of, xvi

    visitors to, lxxiv, lxxv

    War of 1812 in, cxii

    Woodlawn Cemetery, cxv

    Bigelow, Abraham, 525, 526, 528, 533, 538

    Bigelow, Amos, 224, 237, 526, 594

    Bigelow, Anna Haven (Nancy), xxix, 335, 427, 445, 594–95

    correspondence with, 359, 406, 435

    education, 359, 360, 458, 459

    Bigelow, Lucy Savage, 224, 335, 372, 428, 594

    visits, 153, 435, 479

    Bigelow, Sally, 335

    Bigotry, 217

    Bingham, Amos, ciii

    Birch, William, illustrations by, 257, 480

    Bird, Savage, & Bird (merchants), news reported by, 285, 288

    Bird, Thomas, hanging of, 109

    Birds, 540

    in national iconography, 379, 388

    Birmingham, England, riots in, 216–17, 218–19, 220, 344

    Bishop, Phanuel, 161, 452

    Blacks, 89, 333

    characterized, lxv

    Blacks, enslaved, lix, 424, 581, 585, 586

    petitions for, 397, 398, 583, 584

    resistance of, 46, 295, 587, 592

    Blacks, free, xl, 583, 584

    education of, 588, 589, 592

    reenslavement of, 397, 398

    writings of, 583–84

    Blacksmiths, as lighthouse keepers, 212

    Blake, Mrs. (Worcester, Massachusetts), lodgings with, 536

    Bland, Theodorick, on House rules and procedures, lxi

    Blasphemy, accusations of, 501

    Blount, Thomas, 353, 413, 415, 595

    “affair of honor” with, 380–91, 391, 392

    letters to, printed, 389

    Blount, William, conspiracy of, 392, 405

    “Blue laws,” lxvi, 237, 436

    Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount, xix, xlvii, 40

    Books and pamphlets, lxii, 135

    costs, 38, 55, 165, 178, 393

    as donations and bequests, xcix, cix, cxv, 165, 345, 485–86, 487, 499–500, 500–501, 509, 510

    love of, xcviii–xcix, 38, 55, 357–58, 529–31

    purchased, 100–101, 104, 221–22, 243–44, 446

    recommended by GT, 163, 179

    sharing of, lxvii, 7, 8

    youths’, 132, 227, 447

    See also names of authors and books; Novels; Reading; Thacher’s Tracts; Thatcher (Thacher), George, library, personal

    Books, blank, impost on, 136

    Booksellers, lxxxii, 136. See also names of places

    Bookstores, allure of, 38, 55

    Bordeaux, France, U.S. diplomats at, 276, 277

    Bordman, Abigail Richardson, greetings to and from, 538, 540

    Bordman, Andrew IV, 540

    Boston, 8, 58

    in American Revolution, xxii, 40, 485, 608

    business standards, 101

    characterized, cviii–cix

    civic ceremonies, 454

    comparisons to, 71

    courts at, 523

    economy, xli, 71

    fine arts in, vi, 168, 539

    GT ships goods through, 135, 244, 339, 419, 427, 447

    immigration to, xxvi, 342, 344

    letters addressed to, 172–77, 357–58, 529–31

    letters written from, 157, 236, 259, 324, 523–24, 524–25, 527–28, 532–33

    local officeholders, 606, 608

    mail packets, 218, 221, 284, 296

    money drawn at, 189

    news reports from, 283–84, 285–86, 308, 371, 439

    newspapers, 8, 71, 158, 202, 208, 259, 278, 279, 309, 399, 429, 438, 583

    occupations, 540, 543

    lawyers, cxi, 543, 593, 599, 602, 610

    merchants, cviii, 131, 242, 279, 285, 299, 300, 337, 347, 526, 540, 594, 599, 600, 606, 608

    physicians, 175, 535

    parties and factions, xlvi, cv, 260, 300, 321

    places and neighborhoods

    boardinghouses, 238, 537

    bookstores, xcviii, xcix, 529–30, 531

    Bowdoin Square, 238

    churches, 183, 343, 500, 508, 543, 597–98

    the Common, 176

    Faneuil Hall, 310

    Golden Ball Tavern, 239

    politics, city, li, ci

    public opinion in

    on Ames, Fisher, 309, 312, 321

    on Anglo-Spanish war, 140

    on Dexter, Samuel, 312, 321

    on Embargo (1794), 309, 310, 311–12

    on federal representatives, 259–60

    on French Revolution, 337

    on religion, 542

    on trade policy, 255, 262, 271

    on Universalism, 341, 343

    on war with Great Britain, 278

    publishing in, 188, 339, 508, 547, 613

    residents, xciii, ciii, civ, cxvi, 35, 40, 115, 252, 467, 468, 526, 597, 605, 606, 607, 611, 612

    revenue collection at, 88, 211, 213, 596, 604

    social life, xcviii, xcix, 528, 538

    town meetings, 253, 255, 263, 309, 310, 311, 321

    travel to and from, xlvi, 4, 5, 27, 33, 35, 36, 39, 65, 69, 100, 214, 223, 228, 237, 240, 242, 250, 326, 369, 436, 442, 449, 461, 479, 526, 529, 531, 536, 537

    Unitarianism in, lxvii, ciii

    weather, 523, 527

    Boston Commercial Gazette, items printed in, cxv. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, obituary

    Boston Evening Transcript, 587

    Boston Gazette, 310

    items printed in, 578

    Boston Port Bill (1774), comparisons with, 510, 512

    Boston Recorder, items printed in, 512, 514

    Boston Tea Party (1773), 594, 608

    Boswell, James, 531

    Bourn, Ruth, courtship of, 237, 239

    Bourne, Benjamin, 223, 224

    Bourne, Hannah Doane, xxvii, 595

    Bourne, Shearjashub, 154, 239, 595

    law students of, xxv, xxvii, 529, 597, 605

    Bowdoin College, 388, 437, 485, 486, 513

    donations and bequests to, xcix, cxv, 345, 358, 485–86, 499–500, 501, 509, 510

    founding of, 153, 487

    officers of, 514, 594

    Bowdoin, James II, 35, 485, 581

    gubernatorial election, 107, 548

    Bowdoin, James III, bequests of, 485, 487

    Bower, Archibald, writings of, c

    Boxford, Massachusetts, residents of, 607

    Boys, 24, 411

    Bradbury, Mr. (Maine lawyer), 59

    Bradford, Gamaliel, 540

    Bradford, Sophia Blake, 540

    Bradford, Sophia Blake Rice, 538

    Bradley, Stephen R., 332, 335

    Bradstreet (Broadstreet), Boatman, pension for, 248, 249, 252

    Brant, Joseph, leadership of, 210

    Brattle, Mr. (Boston), business with, 325

    Breck, Samuel, 252

    Brest, France, ships from, 254

    Bribery and corruption in office, 8, 160, 206, 249–50

    Bridges

    erection of, 195, 196, 197, 599

    patents for, 157, 160

    Briesler, John, 238, 239

    Brighton, Massachusetts, 531, 532–33

    Bristol County, Massachusetts, economy in, 161

    Bristol District (Massachusetts), 2nd federal election in, 159, 161

    Brookline, Massachusetts, residents of, 595

    Brooklyn, Connecticut, clergy in, 543

    Brooklyn, New York, residents of, 56

    Broome, Samuel, cxiv

    Brown University, attenders, lxvii, 601, 613

    Brown, Andrew Jr., letters to, printed, 382–387

    Brown, Andrew Sr., 387

    Brown, Benjamin, xxxii, 338

    Brown, Charles Brockden, Wieland, 475

    Brown, Henry Y., 327

    Brown, Henry, correspondence with, 325

    Brown, John (Ky.), 266

    Brown, John (R.I.), speeches of, 589, 591, 593

    Brown, William Hill, writings of, ci

    Brownfield, Maine, residents of, 327

    Brunswick, Maine, residents of, 153, 486, 487, 609, 612

    Bryant, William Cullen, poetry of, 512

    Bumstead, Joseph, bookseller, xcviii, xcix

    Bunker Hill, Battle of (1775), xcii, 601

    Buonaparte, Louis, writings of, ci

    Burke, Ædanus, relations with, 581

    Burke, Edmund, writings of, 295, 366–67

    Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques, influence of, xxii

    Burnet, Gilbert, writings of, c

    Burr, Aaron, 183, 595

    conspiracy of, lxxvii

    duels, 389, 600

    predictions about, 239–40

    presidential candidacy of, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 468, 476, 478

    Burton, Mrs. (Biddeford, Me.), 96

    Butler, Pierce, motions by, 159, 161

    Buxton, Maine, 425, 611, 614

    · C ·

    Cabot, George, lxxx, 120, 342, 595, 599

    opinion on GT, cxvi

    relations with, liv, 344

    Cabot, Mr., introductions to, 71

    Cadiz, Spain, trade with, 275

    Calef, Josiah, 525, 526

    Callet, Antoine-François, portrait by, 259

    Calvin, John, 499, 504, 509

    Calvinism, 492, 549

    discussions about, 181, 488

    doctrines of, 341, 342

    Cambridge University (England), 222, 358, 532

    Cambridge, Massachusetts, xxiv, 524, 529

    letters written from, 510–11, 538–40

    residents, lxxxi, 526, 540, 542, 594, 598

    travel to and from, 526, 528, 531, 537, 540

    Camden, Delaware, planters, 605

    Camden, Maine, post office, 162, 173, 192

    Camperduin (Camperdown), Battle of (1797), 402

    Canada, c, 210, 307, 511. See also names of provinces, towns

    Canals, investment in, 599

    Cape Anne, Massachusetts, xviii

    Cape Cod, Massachusetts, xxvi, cxi, 2

    conditions, xix, xxii, xxv, 115, 116

    religion on, xxiii–xxiv

    See also names of towns

    Capital (money), flow of, 260

    Capital, federal. See Seat of government

    Capitol (Washington, D.C.), lxxxvii, 477

    described, 259, 463

    House chamber, 462, 476–77

    letters written from, 461, 463, 466, 467, 476, 478

    illustration of, 480

    Senate chamber, 476, 479

    Careaux (Carteaus), Jean, 254, 255

    Carleton, Guy, Lord Dorchester, relations with Indians, 280, 281, 286, 287, 313, 314, 315

    Carlisle, England, 222, 358

    Carlisle, John, farm purchased, cix

    Carmichael, William, diplomatic mission of, 323

    Carnot, Lazare, arrest of, 400

    Carpenter, Lant, writings of, 487

    Carpenters and joiners, 359

    Carr, James, correspondence with, 91

    Carriages and chaises, 598

    tax on, 287, 289, 293, 311, 312, 321, 322

    travel by, 36, 89, 238, 339, 427

    Carroll, Bishop John, at ceremonial dinner, 436

    Cartoons, political, 407

    Cary, Samuel, 502, 508

    Castine, Maine, 521, 606

    Catherine the Great, 242

    Catholics, c, 77, 245, 549

    beliefs, 110, 498, 563

    civil rights of, cvii

    corruption of, 105, 230

    forms of worship, lxv

    “Jesuitism,” as metaphor, cxi, 520

    papacy, c, 506, 570

    role in French Revolution, 229, 230

    superstitions of, 531–32

    Cattle, 198

    Caucuses, lii

    congressional, lxxviii, 443, 456, 478

    local, role in elections, 16

    Cayuga Indians, delegation from, 210

    Celsus, 502, 509

    Census (1790)

    congressional action on, 155, 158, 160

    reapportionment under, lxviii, 153, 170

    Ceracchi, Giuseppe, petition of, 161–62

    Ceremonies and customs, basis of, 546

    Certificates, federal, 97, 99, 115, 267

    Certificates, state, value of, 104

    Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote, 518, 520

    Chadwell, Benjamin, 81

    Chadwell, Dr., “stroking irons,” 360

    Chadwell, Mrs. (NYC), landlady, 80–81, 82

    Chadwick, John, 365, 366

    Chairs, purchase of, 419

    Chalmers, Thomas, writings of, 518, 520

    Chandler, Thomas Bradley, 410

    Channing, William Ellery, 502, 508, 518

    “Baltimore Sermon,” 515, 516, 517, 519, 520

    Chapone, Hester Mulso, xli

    Charity, performance of, 3

    Charleston, South Carolina, 188, 242

    residents, 237–38, 239, 606

    Charlestown, Massachusetts, 340, 517, 520, 604

    Chastellux, François-Jean de, Travels, 180, 182

    Chateaubriand, François-René, social commentary of, lxxiv–lxxv

    Chauncy, Charles, 181, 183, 186–87, 343

    Checks and balances, constitutional provisions for, 8, 570

    Cheese, purchase of, 437

    Chemistry, 175, 607

    Chennai (Madras), India, 508

    Cherokee Indians, hostilities with, 141

    Childrearing

    importance of, 43

    instructions regarding, 24, 95–96, 166, 167, 226, 233

    methods and theories of, xxxvii–xxxix, lv, lvii, 10, 34, 47, 63, 73–74, 75–77, 88–89, 122, 340, 431, 479 (See also Kames, Henry Home, Lord; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques)

    Children, 167

    characterized, 42–43, 73, 77, 89, 376, 433

    delight in, xxxvii, 348

    duties of, 23, 110, 233, 565

    manners of, 82, 226

    mortality of, xix, 83, 251, 375–76, 467

    obedience of, 74, 479

    pasttimes of, 95, 440

    punishment and correction of, 74, 95

    runaway, lxii

    See also Boys; Childrearing; Girls

    China (Canton), c, 61, 86, 126, 348

    Chinese, civil equality of, 573

    Christian Disciple and Theological Review (Boston), 518, 520, 533

    Christian Intelligencer and Gospel Advocate (Portland, Me.), items printed in, 520, 549, 550–51

    Christianity, 67, 122, 493, 500, 572

    benefits of, 185–86

    conditions, 145, 498, 503–504, 506, 515, 555

    Early Church, 136, 504, 509, 520, 554, 565

    sectarian relations, 506, 564, 573

    See also names of denominations

    Chubb, Thomas, writings of, 488, 499

    Church and State

    historical interdependence of, 567–68

    separation of, xxiv, xxxiii, cii, cvii, 67, 548, 555, 568, 571

    Church of Scotland, clergy, 520

    Church, Benjamin, medical students of, 608

    Churchman, John, petitions of, 589–90, 592

    Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 22, 151, 153

    Cider, medicinal use of, 251, 257

    Cities, 60–61, 369

    advantages of, 174, 175–76, 198

    aversion to, lxxxvii, 394, 414, 428

    manners, 149, 234, 396

    vs. country, 58–59, 151–52, 232, 365, 369, 377

    Citizens, duties of, cvii, 433

    Civil rights, cvii, cviii

    Civil war, predictions of, 510, 511

    Civil War, U.S., 583

    Claggett, Thomas, as Senate chaplain, 477

    Clark, Abraham, motion on non-intercourse, 295

    Clark, George Rogers, as French agent, 263, 266, 287

    Clark, Samuel, writings of, xix, 505, 509

    Clarke, James Freeman, writings of, 343, 353

    Clarke, Jonas, as revenue collector, lxxxix

    Classes, 111, 396, 412, 433, 458, 468

    commonalities among, lxxxviii

    distribution of burdens among, 196, 569

    “lower,” 8, 74, 439

    the poor, lxv, 238, 432, 465, 601

    wealthy, 54, 59, 167, 288, 420–21, 425

    Claxton, Thomas, as House doorkeepr, 372

    Clay, Henry, lxxvi

    Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia), items printed in, 204, 211, 353, 360, 585–86

    Clergy, 98, 235, 308

    as career option, xxiii, xxiv, 114

    criticism of, 77, 342

    political role of, lxiv, cvii–cviii, 67, 86, 136, 142, 144, 151

    quality of, 148, 412

    relations with, 498, 541

    training of, 178, 599

    See also names of places

    Clerk of the House, 136, 258, 371, 372, 443

    Clinton, DeWitt, as presidential candidate, xcvii

    Clinton, George, 84, 86, 258, 282

    Clothing and dress, xcv, 1, 5, 231, 362, 368, 388, 393, 418, 430, 447, 453

    childrens’, xxxviii–xxxix, 23, 24, 77

    fashions, 10, 367

    political use of, 426, 433

    for “Republican Court,” 10, 243, 401

    Coaches (chariots, hackneys), 12, 465, 467

    Coasting Act (1790), lx

    Cobb, Mary Hooper, 595

    Cobb, Matthew, 96, 377, 595–96

    comments on SST, xxviii

    social life, xlii, xliii, 78, 330

    Cobb, Mehitable Bangs, 251, 325, 376–77, 595–96

    Cobbett, William (“Peter Porcupine”), 401–02, 402, 426

    Cobblers, 212

    Cod fish, lix, lxxv, 28

    Codman, Capt. (Portland, Me.), 220, 271

    Codman, Mary Cushing (Ashmun), 538, 540

    Codman, Stephen, 540

    Coffee, lxxxviii, 532, 608

    Coinage, design of, 379, 388

    Cole, Jacques Moses Dupré, portrait by, 128

    Cole, Joseph Greenleaf, portaits by, 539

    Collection Act (1789), lix, 91, 93, 94, 205

    College of William and Mary, attenders, 593, 602

    Colleges and universities, 152, 153, 174–75, 175–76, 177, 218, 487. See also “Cumberland College”; names of colleges

    Collier, William, 517

    Collins, Stephen, relations with, 148, 149

    Colonial legislatures, weakness of, 18

    Colonization, 375

    forced (to Africa), 592

    Columbia River, Pacific Northwest, cvi

    Columbia University (King’s College), attenders and faculty, lxxix, 394, 600, 601, 602

    Columbia, South Carolina, ratification convention in, 31

    Columbian Centinel (Boston), 537

    items printed in, xcviii, 197, 228, 230, 255, 262, 310, 391, 399, 401, 403, 440, 517, 522, 578

    “Columbus,” as Maine state name, cvi

    Columbus, Christopher, 489–90

    Commerce. See Trade and commerce

    Commercial nations, prosperity of, 292

    Common law, comparisons with, lxxvii

    Common Sense realism, 219

    Compromise of 1790, lviii, lxxxvii, 108–09, 118–19

    Concord, Massachusetts, xxi, xxxii, 160, 523

    Harvard convenes at, 176, 178

    mob action at, 557, 562

    See also Lexington and Concord, Battles of

    Concord, New Hampshire, 30, 610

    Condy, Jonathan Williams, election as House Clerk, 372, 442, 443

    Confederation period, characterized, 556

    Congregational Church, 182, 344, 485, 508, 565

    catechism of, 185, 186

    clergy, cii, 335, 340, 359, 519, 520, 529, 537, 543, 594, 597, 598, 614

    and Unitarianism, xxiv, xliv, cx, 344

    Congress Hall, Philadelphia, 372, 444

    description, 258

    House chamber, lxxxvii, 385, 405

    depictions of, 407

    gallery, 258, 395

    joint meetings in, 374, 395, 445

    letters written from, 238, 395, 406, 419

    mail delivery to, 303, 375, 435, 454

    seating arrangements, 350, 406, 419

    painting of, 346

    public attendance at, lxxviii, 256, 360, 361

    Senate chamber

    decor, 256, 259

    joint meetings in, 238

    Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 509

    Congress, Confederation, 12, 30, 53, 63, 136, 161, 335, 389, 581

    accommodations for, temporary, 54, 58, 59

    agenda, xlix, 37, 38, 44–45, 45–46, 123

    attendance, xxxv, xxxix–xl, liv, 26–27, 29, 33, 38, 47, 53, 54, 57, 60, 64, 154

    Board of Treasury, 30, 249

    burden of service in, lxxxv

    daily routine, 24–25

    debates, xlv, xlix, 409

    delegates, xxxiv, 116, 150, 180, 240, 245, 272, 596, 598, 600, 602, 603, 604, 606, 609, 614

    delegates’ pay, 88

    expenses of, xxxv, 20

    GT’s election to, xxxiii–xxxiv, liii, 143

    lodgings during, 5, 9, 10, 35, 56

    metaphors for, xlviii

    officers under, 31, 240, 603

    Secretary, 45–46

    Secretary at War, 604

    Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 46, 54, 601

    Superintendent of Finance, 54, 55

    petitions to, 45–46, 560

    powers, xxxv, 29, 548, 559

    president of, 21, 86, 165

    public opinion on, xxxv, 10, 15, 29, 64

    social life, 9–10, 12, 26, 27, 35–36, 50, 62, 63

    Congress, Continental, lxv, 136, 165, 259, 409, 428

    delegates, 116, 180, 186, 272, 449, 593, 600, 601, 602, 604, 613

    “secret committees,” 55

    Congress, federal, 136, 456

    convening of, constitutional provisions for, 147

    efficiency of, 156

    members’ qualifications, 229, 233

    metaphors for, xlviii

    parties and factions, origin of, 354

    powers, 17–18, 354, 576–77

    declaration of war, lxxviii–lxxix

    exclusive jurisdiction, 51

    foreign affairs, 569

    general subsidies, 589–90, 592

    military, 156, 170, 418

    regulating religion, 563

    regulating slavery, 398, 581, 588

    trade regulation, 273, 569

    relations with executive branch, lxi, 574

    retirement rate, lxxxviii

    social life at (See “Republican Court”)

    as source of information, 164, 449

    See also House; Senate; individual Congresses

    Congress, federal, 1st

    agenda, 14, 46, 51, 90, 115, 147, 581

    characterized, lxx, 102, 105, 111, 119, 135, 191

    communications with President, 140, 149

    conference committee, 91

    expectations of, liv

    House, 97, 98, 104

    debates, lvi–lvii, lix, lxi, 99, 105–106, 107, 136, 170, 581

    parties and factions, 97, 354, 574, 578

    proceedings, lviii, 55, 72, 91, 92, 97, 98, 104, 106, 107, 115, 117–18, 118, 120, 131, 132, 136, 150, 155, 157, 160, 581, 592, 593

    public opinion on, 127, 129, 134

    reception committee for George Washington, 83, 86

    sessions

    adjournments, 102, 147

    convenings, liv, 37, 51, 54, 64

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 2nd, 155

    agenda, 160, 190, 191, 205

    characterized, 278, 334

    communications with President, 158, 160, 189, 191

    House

    debates, 155, 162–63, 164, 188, 190, 191, 206–07, 276, 278

    proceedings, 70, 155, 158, 160, 161, 169, 170, 171, 190–91, 191, 203, 204, 205, 206–07, 207, 208, 232, 267, 289, 581–82, 589–90

    Senate action on Washington statue, 159, 161

    sessions

    adjournment, 214, 222

    length of, 205

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 3rd

    agenda, 240, 246, 265, 270, 277

    communications with president, 264, 266

    House

    characterized, 241

    debates, lv–lvi, 241, 245, 249, 250, 259–60, 264, 267, 287, 289, 295, 300, 301–02, 305, 307, 382

    officers, 238, 240

    parties and factions, 241, 260, 264

    proceedings, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254, 265, 267, 272, 277, 280, 281, 283, 284, 287, 289, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 304, 305, 307, 315, 317, 322, 582

    Representatives, relations among, 237

    Senate committee on coastal defense, 272

    sessions

    adjournments, 251, 314, 319

    convening, 237

    state of the union address to, 330, 331

    temporary relocation of, 326

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 4th

    characterized, 348, 349, 361

    House

    debates, lx, 349, 350, 353–54, 583

    procedures, 304, 349, 352

    schedule, 345

    seating chart (1796), 350

    parties and factions, 349, 353, 354, 356

    Senate, special session, 338

    sessions

    adjournments, 365, 369

    convenings, 353

    state of the union address to, 359–60

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 5th

    agenda, 371, 374, 413, 425, 435

    characterized, lxxviii, 380, 397, 399, 401, 402, 406, 427

    House, lxxi, 413

    caucuses, lxxviii

    characterized, 425

    daily sessions, 401, 403, 408

    debates, lxxiii, 377, 384, 397, 398, 403, 404, 408, 411, 413, 415, 417, 424–25, 583, 584–86

    proceedings, lxx, lxxi–lxxii, 99, 165, 381, 383, 384, 389, 397, 398, 405–06, 408, 414–15, 415, 424, 425, 427, 583, 584, 586

    seating in (1798), 419

    members’ fatigue, 435

    parties and factions, 381, 399, 411

    extremism of, lxviii–lxix, 382

    pro- and anti-French, 378, 389, 429

    public opinion on, 371, 409, 575–76, 577

    Senate

    advice and consent, 394

    expulsions, 392

    quorums, 393, 395

    sessions

    adjournments, 371, 377, 390, 391, 414, 415, 420, 421, 425, 427, 430, 433, 434–35, 435–36, 436, 442

    convenings, lxxviii, 371, 372

    special, 429

    state of the union address to, 374–75, 377, 395, 396

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 6th

    agenda, frustration with, 449, 455, 470

    characterized, lxxxiii, 467, 471, 477

    communications between chambers, 476–77

    House, lxii, 442, 477

    adjournments, daily, 467, 470, 471

    balloting for president, 476, 477, 478–79

    caucuses, 443, 478

    ceremonies, 472–73

    characterized, 465, 477, 478

    debates, lvii, 449, 450, 588–92

    proceedings, 584, 588, 589

    seating in, 476

    voting frequency, lxxxiii

    parties and factions, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 443, 450, 478, 579

    Senate, 456, 477

    sessions

    adjournment, 454, 479, 480

    length of, 447

    state of the union address to, 465

    Washington’s death, joint observance of, 445

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    Congress, federal, 7th, parties and factions in, lxxxiii

    Congresses, federal, future

    12th, xcvii, 576, 577, 578

    “Protest of the Minority,” 574, 579

    15th, xci

    16th, Missouri Compromise in Senate, 521, 522, 523

    Congressional pay, xc, 88

    provisions for, 231, 232

    public opinion on, 198

    revenue collectors advance against, 303, 359, 393, 402, 442, 466

    See also Salaries-Legislative Act (1789)

    Congressional Register, lvii, lix, cxxiv, 136

    Connecticut, 180

    “blue laws,” lxvi, 237, 436

    constitution (1818), 183

    courts, state, 80, 272

    election laws, 159

    2nd federal election in, 150

    government, state, 80, 180, 182–83, 437, 599

    indentured servitude in, 604

    ratification in, 80, 182

    religion in, 182, 542, 543

    weather, 437

    See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states

    Connecticut congressional delegation, 405

    Connecticut Courant (Hartford), 327

    Conscience, freedom of, xxiii, lxv, cvii

    Conscience, purity of, 1

    Conscientious objection, cvii, 533, 534

    Conspiracies, lxxxvii, 405, 413

    rumors of, lxxii, 10, 340, 391, 392

    Constellation (frigate), naval action by, 455, 456

    Constituents, 391

    characterized, fickle, 135

    circular letters to, 44, 54, 82, 264, 275, 288, 303, 315

    relations with

    independence from, lii–liii

    instructions from, 200

    lobbying, 99

    obstacles to, liii–liv

    opinions consulted, xliv–xlv, 162, 209, 245, 468

    respect for, 356

    responsiveness to, 172–73

    tour of district, 153

    unbiased treatment, lxi, 90, 438

    unpopularity with, lxiv, 549

    services for

    advises about trade, 270

    books secured, 163, 165, 178, 183

    copyright forwarded, 162

    correspondence solicited, 90, 91

    estates settled, 115

    financial transactions, 127, 248, 294

    franking for, lxxxii

    goods procured, 111

    government records circulated, 193, 195, 203, 416, 423

    information shared, xlii–xliii, xlv, xlviii–xlix, lxxx, 177, 208, 410–11

    legislation forwarded to, 90, 118

    liaison to congressional committee, lxii

    newspapers shared, 396, 449

    office seeking, 116, 206, 240, 322–23, 348, 439

    pamphlets circulated, 118, 423, 424

    patents secured, 167, 169

    pensions handled, 248, 252

    petitions handled, lx–lxii, 160, 211, 212, 252, 357, 425, 428

    publications circulated, 415

    recommendations for appointments, xxxi, lxi, 93, 158, 160, 287, 321, 608

    runaways recovered, xxv

    settlement of accounts, 288, 321

    speeches circulated, 412, 413

    variety of, lxii

    Constitution

    achievement of, 135

    amending, constitutional provisions for, 577

    benefits of, 423

    characterized, 14, 15, 16, 323, 568

    copies circulated, lxxiv

    criticism of, lxxii–lxxiii

    Framers’ intentions, 67

    implementation of, xlix, 30, 44

    necessity of, 20

    objections to, 7

    public opinion on, 13–15, 572

    silences in, 571

    strict construction of, 311

    See also Amendments to the Constitution; names of provisions; Ratification of the Constitution

    Constitutions, theories of, xxxvii–xxxviii

    Continental Army, 426

    administration, lxiii, 86, 599

    commander in chief, 435, 613

    engineers in, 31, 52

    officers, 135, 595, 600, 601, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 609, 612 (See also Society of the Cincinnati)

    physicians in, 156, 449, 529

    service in, 120, 250, 609, 614

    veterans, 30, 50, 165, 213, 289, 326, 372, 465

    Continental Navy, physicians in, 156

    Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine), lxxx

    Conventions, popular, legality of, xxxiii, 556–62

    Conversation

    habits of, 11–12, 166

    value of

    educational, xlii, 166, 167

    intellectual, lxvii, 2–3, 13

    political, liii, 16, 21

    social, 13, 32, 167, 290, 393, 535

    Cony, Daniel, xliii, 234, 596

    comments on

    French Revolution, 235

    Indian wars, 210

    TBW, 236

    Washington, George, 160

    correspondence with, xlviii, 91, 192, 196, 197

    letters to, printed, 172–77, 192–96

    at state constitutional convention, cv, cvi

    Cook, Amos Jones. recommendation for, 513–14, 514

    Cook, Francis, investigation of, 206

    Cooper, William, 310

    Copenhagen, Denmark, diplomats in, 243

    Copley, John Singleton, legacy of, 168

    Copyright Act (1790), 164

    Copyrights, lxii, 150, 162

    Corn and grains, xvii, 420

    purchases of, 257, 414, 416, 440

    supply of, 106–107, 245

    Correspondence

    extent of, xxi, xxv, xlvi, xlix, 50–51, 78, 368, 431

    lack of, 207–08, 294, 454, 525

    neglect of, 115, 155, 403

    non-partisan criteria, 90

    purposes of, xlviii–xlix, 44, 51, 69, 287–88

    reading habits, 501

    reliance upon, 25

    significance of, xviii

    topics, xciii

    See also Constituents, circular letters to

    Cosmology, xix

    Courting and courtship, 25, 39, 41, 148–49, 234, 377, 452

    Courts, federal, 8, 98, 107

    circuit, 252, 255

    district judges, 157, 168, 255, 277, 280, 321, 322

    See also Supreme Court of the U.S.

    Coxe, Tench, 163, 171–72, 205, 348, 596

    correspondence with, 324

    letters to, printed, 322–23, 338

    Craik, William, role in balloting for president (1801), 477

    Creek Indians, relations with Spain, 141

    Crèvecœur, John Hector St. John de, Letters, xviii

    Crimes, xcii, 242

    federal, 109, 439

    state, 523

    Crocker family (Yarmouth, Mass.), xix

    Cromwell, Oliver, 451, 557, 562

    Cross, Nathaniel, correspondence with, cii

    Cross, Ralph, 206

    Cross, Stephen, investigation of, 171–72, 172, 205

    “Cumberland College” (Me.), 152, 173–77

    Cumberland County, Maine, 67, 139, 151, 197

    3rd federal election in, lxviii

    Cumberland Gazette (Portland, Me.), xlv, 144, 146, 174, 235, 613

    items printed in, xxxiv, lv, lxv, xciv, 120, 151–52, 548, 556–61, 562, 563–73

    Cummins, Mr. (Conn.), 180

    Cushing, Nathan, resignation from bench, xc

    Cutler, Manasseh, 28, 30, 35–36

    Cutts, Anna Payne, marriage of, 596

    Cutts, Richard, lxxxiv, xcvi, 166, 596

    · D ·

    D’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 531

    Daggett, David, 240

    Daguerreotypes, 539

    Daily Advertiser (NYC), items printed in, lxxiii, 47

    Dallas, Alexander J., 266, 339

    Dalley, Gifford, 240

    Dalton, Catherine, 234

    Dalton, Mary, 234

    Dalton, Ruth Hooper, 234

    Dalton, Tristram, 119, 234, 325, 596

    Dams, erection of, 197

    Dana, Francis, resignation from bench, xc–xci

    Dana, James, 180, 181, 182, 183

    Dana, Judah, correspondence with, 326–27

    Dana, Samuel, deposed, 405

    Dancing, xxx–xxxi, 232, 362, 368

    benefits of, 80, 458

    popularity of, 440, 441, 447

    schooling in, 359, 360, 408, 431–32, 433, 475–76

    Dancing assemblies, 26, 27, 538

    Dane, Nathan, xxxiv, xxxv, 54, 55

    Danton, Georges-Jacques, execution of, 321, 322

    Danvers, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 39, 40, 528

    Dartmouth College, 176

    attenders, xci, 143, 344, 514, 526, 537, 594

    Davie, William R., as peace commissioner to France, 456

    Davila, Enrico Caterino, writings of, c

    Davis, Daniel, xxv, xlix, cxiv, 42, 153, 526, 597

    in 3rd federal election, 228, 229, 230, 236

    legal career, xcii, 523, 595, 601

    relations with, xix, 36, 303, 525

    Davis, Ebenezer, army commission for, 287, 289

    Davis, Helen, 525, 526

    Davis, Louisa, 526

    Davis, Louisa Freeman, 36, 523, 526, 597

    Davis, Margaret, 525, 526

    Davy, Susannah Brown, 364–65

    Davy, William, 364–65

    Dawes, Thomas Jr., 22, 483, 485

    Dayton, Jonathan, 281

    as Speaker, 371, 372, 436

    Deane, Charles, collector of Thatcher letters, lxxxi–lxxxii

    Deane, Samuel, xxxi, 597

    correspondence with, 174

    letters to, printed, 151–52

    Dearborn, Henry, 230, 250, 350

    Dearing, James, correspondence with, lxii

    Death, 241–42

    observations about, 39, 81, 298, 375–76, 524, 525

    preparations for, 113, 362, 403

    Deblois, Ruth Dalton, 234

    Debt, federal, 399, 569

    discharge of, 28, 64–65

    foreign, 14, 15, 267

    funding of, 104, 106

    See also Assumption of state debts; Funding Act (1790)

    Debt, state. See Assumption of state debts; Massachusetts

    Declaration of Independence, Signers of, 182, 449, 600, 602

    Dedham, Massachusetts, xlix, xc, 594

    Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204

    Defense, national, 196, 204, 293

    Deism, 114, 135

    accusations of, liii, lxiii–lxiv, 3, 77, 144

    characteristics of, xxiv, 158, 503, 504–505, 508

    criticism of, ci, 344, 502, 550

    spread of, 344, 504

    writings about, 186, 488, 499, 518, 520

    Delaware, 18, 19, 108, 117, 169, 582, 605. See also Middle states

    Delaware congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv

    Delaware Indians, hostilities with, 166

    Delaware River, 148, 400

    Democracy, xciii, 570

    Democratic Societies, 273, 275, 306, 550

    Democratic-Republicans, xcvi, cv, cvi, 391, 451, 610

    and France, lxix, 440

    GT’s friendship with, xciv

    organization of, 275, 450, 594

    role in Congress, lxxxiii, 329, 335, 372, 411, 443, 589, 605

    See also names of places

    Denmark, 243, 246–47, 270, 352

    Dennie, Joseph, editorship of, 403

    Dentists, 468

    Department of State, 340, 375, 410

    visits to, 167

    Department of Treasury, auditor of, 288, 289

    Department of War, liberty threatened by, 311

    Despotism, universal, 305

    Devil, 1, 148, 239

    disbelief in, 2, 76–77, 87, 134

    literary references to, lii, xcvii, cvi, cix, cxii, 89, 99, 105, 182, 236, 284, 405, 415, 521, 530, 531

    Dexter, Aaron, xxi, 178

    Dexter, Samuel, 321, 452, 597

    antislavery motion, 582

    public opinion on, 253, 259–60, 293, 312

    speeches on trade policy, 259–60, 263

    Diary, or Loudon’s Register (NYC), 239, 266

    Diderot, Denis, religion of, 531

    Diplomats, U.S., xcv, 31, 368, 404. See also names of cities and countries

    Dissenters, relativism of, 110

    Distilled spirits, 404

    excise on, 158, 321, 322, 323

    Distillers, 613

    petitions from, 158

    Doddridge, Philip (1702–51; nonconformist minister), writings of, 492

    Dominica, West Indies, 300

    Dover, New Hampshire, xvi, 64, 607

    Dow, Jeremiah, payments for, 240, 242

    Dracut, Massachusetts, resident of, 612

    Drawing, educational role of, 458

    Dreams, 39, 59, 299, 311, 406

    foreboding, 81, 376

    interpretation of, lxxxv, 225

    uses of, xliv–xlv

    Dresden (Pownalborough), Maine, 99, 111

    courts, federal, at, 93, 94

    Drinking habits, 364

    Drowning, death by, 373, 375–76

    Drunkenness, xxv, xcviii–xcix, 378, 554

    Dublin, Ireland, 316, 358

    Ducos, Roger, 450

    Duelling, 378–91 passim

    Burr-Hamilton, 600

    mortalities from, 595

    Duer, William, 30

    House investigation of, 250

    Duer, William A., on House debates, 378

    Duncan, Adam, Viscount of Camperdown, 401, 402

    Dundas, Henry, instructions of, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285

    Dunlap’s American Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia)

    items printed in, 266, 324

    Dunstan (Scarborough), Maine, 79, 81

    Duties on Distilled Spirits Act (1791), 145, 169

    Duxbury, Massachusetts, 116, 612

    · E ·

    Earthquakes, as metaphor, 413

    East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 613, 614

    East India Company, rule by, 105

    East Indies, 291, 304, 316

    East River, New York, 62

    Eastern Argus (Portland, Me.), items printed in, cxv, 522

    Eastern Herald (Portland, Me.), xlv, 197, 303, 331, 613

    items printed in, 220, 230, 272, 282, 289, 324, 550

    Eastern states. See New England states

    Ecclesiology, commentary on, xxiii

    Economics

    GT’s ignorance of, 132

    study of, 532, 569

    Economy, U.S.

    labor force, xl–xli

    prosperous, 356, 400

    Edenton, North Carolina, 344

    Edinburgh, University of, attenders, 165, 542

    Education, lxxiv, 110, 152, 311, 441

    books on, xcix, 393

    equal access to, 564

    goals, 137, 441, 493

    influence of, 73–74, 75–77, 80, 82, 83, 85

    influences on, 95–96, 99, 546

    instructions regarding, 87, 88–89

    limits of, 60–62, 495–96

    methods, lxvi, cix, 2, 121, 151

    “modern,” 459–60

    neglect of, 73–74

    See also Childrearing; Children; Girls; Women

    Edwards, Jonathan Jr., doctrinal disputes of, 181, 183

    Edwards, Jonathan Sr., writings, 181, 183, 488, 492, 499

    Egalitarianism, lvi, 290

    Egypt, exploration of, 508

    Eldwood, C.P., etching by, 407

    Elections, federal

    2nd, 127, 135

    3rd, 228

    4th, 327, 329, 330, 331, 336, 337

    6th, 438, 439

    7th, lxxx, lxxxiii

    anti-lawyer bias, 228–29

    congressional regulation of, 159

    constitutional provisions for, 8, 16

    frequency of, 17, 585

    proposed constitutional amendment on, lv, 161

    as remedy, 577

    runoffs, lxii

    tone of, 170, 171

    See also names of places

    Elections, presidential

    (1788), xlii, 44

    (1792), 231

    (1796), lxix

    (1800), lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 451–52, 468 (See also Congress, federal, 6th, House)

    predictions about, lxxx, 466, 470

    (1804), 614

    constitutional provisions for, 476

    Eliot, George Augustus, 519

    Elizabeth, New Jersey, 83, 372, 462

    Elliot, Maine, delegate to state constitutional convention, 533

    Ellsworth, Oliver, 116, 269, 272, 342, 456

    Elsworth, Dorothy, 5, 11, 55

    Elsworth, Vandine, 11, 55

    Emancipation

    constitutionality of, 588

    methods of, 590, 592

    proposed, 586

    Embargoes, 578

    (1794), 277–78, 281, 304

    duration of, 293, 295, 296, 300, 301, 302–03, 305, 307, 309, 310, 311–12, 319–20

    proposed, 271, 274, 276

    public opinion on, 315–16

    reinstatement of, 317

    (1807), cii, 510, 512

    (1813), criticism of, 511, 512

    British-imposed, 348–49

    Madisonian, 574

    public opinion on, 409

    voluntary, 315–16, 320

    Emerson, Edward, correspondence with, lii

    Emerson, Olive Barrell, 230, 597

    Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xxi

    Emerson, Samuel, 215, 216, 230, 597

    relations with, lxii, 228

    Emlen, Samuel Jr., lobbying by, 118

    Empire, 201

    American, lxxvi, lxxxiii, 51, 124, 126

    ancient, 210, 442

    historical development of, 102, 570

    England, xlvii, lxxxvii, c

    immigration from, 316, 594, 614

    See also Great Britain

    English language, 215, 334–35, 514

    English, George Bethune, writings of, 501, 502, 503, 508, 509

    Enlightenment, The, xxiv, lxxiv, 3, 242, 292

    Enumerated powers, constitutional provisions for, lv, 19

    Episcopal Church, 49, 149, 344, 477

    relation to Unitarianism, 214–15

    Erpenius, Thomas. writings of, c

    Essex Junto, machinations of, lxvi, 206

    Ethics, professorships in, 174

    Europe

    books imported from, lxxxii

    comparisons with, lv

    conditions, 253, 260, 413

    diplomatic protocol, 259

    education in, 174, 175, 449

    foreign relations with, 262

    historical development of, 292, 567

    impact of Constitution on, 14

    news reports from, 249, 276, 304, 308, 310, 348, 360, 405

    newspaper circulation in, 403

    public opinion in, 29, 324, 400, 435

    revolutionary utopias in, 316–17, 323

    trade with, xcv, 61, 136, 244–45, 321, 569

    Eusebius, books on, c

    Evangelical Churches, books on, c

    Excise

    collection, 158, 169, 321, 322, 323, 329

    constitutionality of, 311

    petitions to repeal, 169

    Executive branch

    cabinet, lxxix, 242

    militia exemptions for, 206

    officers, 161, 436

    relations with legislative branch, lxi

    support for, liv

    See also names of departments; President of the U.S.

    Exercise (walking), lxxxvii, 79, 298

    Exeter, New Hampshire, 30, 50, 186, 227, 529

    Experience, use of, 111, 199. See also History, lessons from

    Eyeglasses, 528

    · F ·

    Fair Haven, Vermont, printer at, 604

    Fairfax County, Virginia, planter at, 613

    Fairfield, Connecticut, lawyer at, 80

    Faith, analysis of, 489–90

    Fallen Timbers, Battle of (1794), 314–15

    Falmouth Gazette (Portland, Me.), xlv, 550, 612, 613

    items printed in, lvii, 35, 548, 555

    Falmouth, Massachusetts, Revolutionary War in, xxiii

    Families, characterized, 442

    Fanaticism, harm of, 3

    Farmer, Hugh, writings of, 239

    Farmer’s Weekly Museum (Walpole, N.H.), 403

    Farmers, 81, 212, 233, 235, 412, 529, 596

    policy impacts on, 196, 248

    Farming and husbandry, xvii, 210, 298, 425, 463, 469, 471

    implements, xvii, 453, 456

    as metaphor, 317, 496

    moral benefits of, 377

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, farm

    Fauchet, Jean-Antoine-Joseph, 256, 258, 263, 276, 291, 294

    arrival of, 265, 266

    secret activities of, 339, 340

    Fauquier County, Virginia. lawyer in, 605

    Fayetteville, North Carolina, ratification convention in, 46

    Federal Convention, 44

    “Connecticut Compromise,” 182, 272

    delegates, 180, 245, 598, 600, 603, 605, 607, 613

    praise for, lxxii–lxxiii

    second, proposed, 15, 45

    Federal Gazette (Philadelphia), 170, 387

    items printed in, 204, 338

    Federal government, 20–21, 213, 263

    public opinion on, 106, 212, 324, 375

    Federal Hall (City Hall), New York City, 9, 41, 52, 104

    description, 79, 259

    letters written from, 45, 92

    remodeling of, 51, 52–53, 54

    uses, c, 42, 378

    Federalism, 191, 275, 485, 569

    transformation of, lxxxiv, xciv, 468

    Federalist essays (“Publius”)

    authorship of, 600, 601–02, 605

    circulation of, 21, 22

    Federalists, xcvi, 30, 582

    “Adams Federalists,” lxxx

    characterized, xvii, lxxiv, 575

    divisions among, lxxviii, lxxx, cx, 394, 600

    and France, lxix, lxxix

    leadership of, cv, 594, 595

    media relations, lxxi, 403

    obsolescence of, xciii

    role in Congress, liv, lxxviii, lxxxiii, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, xcvii, 329, 392, 443, 456, 605

    See also names of places and congressional delegations

    Fenno, John, lxxviii, xciv, 111

    comments on

    Adams, John, 394

    Democratic-Republicans, 340

    federal elections, lxviii, lxxvii, lxxxiii

    House debates, 380

    yellow fever epidemic, lxxviii

    Fenno, John Ward, on 6th Congress, lxxxiii

    Fenwick, John, on French trade policy, 276, 277

    Ferries, lxxxviii, 56, 206

    Filibustering expeditions, 392

    Findley, William, in Whiskey Rebellion, 329

    Firefighting, methods, 333, 363

    Fires

    anxiety about, lxxxv–lxxxvi, 365, 405, 444, 467

    prevention, instructions for, 244, 251, 347, 363, 397, 405, 418, 437, 453

    See also Philadelphia, fires in

    Firewood, cost and supply of, 9, 10, 23

    First Ladies, 593

    Fish, salted, bounty on, 116

    Fisheries, economic importance of, lix

    Fishermen, characterized, lxxv

    Fishing, exempted from Embargo (1794), 276

    Fitzsimons, Thomas, 22, 245, 247

    Five Nations. See Six Nations (Iroquois)

    Flag, U.S., lv–lvi, 315

    Flagg, John, tavernkeeper, 153, 154, 237

    Flags, celebratory use of, 84, 367

    Fletcher, John, landlord, 224

    Flint, Abel, preaching of, 237, 239

    Flint, Royal, land speculation by, 28, 31

    Florida, British West, attack on, 392

    Florida, Spanish East, 46, 266

    Flour, 245, 265

    Flushing, New York, travel to and from, 63

    Fontenelle, Bernard LeBovier, writings of, 239

    Food, xxx

    bread, 107, 416

    chocolate, 237

    desserts, cxiv, 256, 367, 473

    meat, xlii, 36, 107, 198

    nature’s gift of, 1

    Fordyce, John, writings of, xxxviii

    Foreign Affairs Act (1789), liv

    Foreign Intercourse Bill (1798), House debate on, 403, 404, 413

    Forten, James, 584, 587

    Foster, Abiel, votes on assumption, 107

    Foster, Dwight, 381, 452

    Foster, Hannah Webster, The Coquette, 40

    Foster, John, 505, 509

    Fox, Charles James, 296

    France, xcvi, c, 182, 242, 247, 254, 267, 400, 410

    abolition movement in, 581, 590, 593

    alliances, European, 141, 321, 352

    army, lxx, 281, 337, 400, 401

    characterized, 365, 395, 417, 440

    diplomats in U.S., 86, 254, 255, 258

    education in, 252, 602

    émigrés, lxxiv, lxxv, 400, 448

    government

    as “Republic,” 352, 423, 424–25

    constitution (1791), 208–209, 211, 227, 229, 230, 247

    constitution (1795), 374

    Corps Législatif, 400, 450

    monarchy, 227–28, 229, 230, 352

    National Convention, ci, 254, 276

    immigration from, lxxvi, 52

    invasion of British Isles by, 402, 416, 440

    navy, lxx, 253, 255, 265, 280, 286, 429, 439, 440, 455

    news reported from, 227, 247, 395

    newspapers, translated, 351

    peace mission to (1797–99), lxxi–lxxii, lxxviii, 394–95, 434, 598, 605, 607 (See also XYZ Affair)

    lack of news about, 399, 401, 405, 412

    speculation about, 393, 402

    treatment of, 410, 429

    peace mission to (1799–1800), lxxix–lxxx, 455, 456, 464, 466

    public opinion on, 374, 375, 409, 424

    relations with, cii, 374–75, 380, 579, 593 (See also Quasi-War with France; War Crisis [1798])

    alliance of 1778, lvi, lxviii, lxx, 258, 259, 283, 365, 394

    hostilities, prospects of, 261, 365–66, 399–400, 401, 405

    religious persecution in, 499

    role in Revolutionary War, 55, 182

    spoliation claims against, 394

    territory, 330, 410

    theater, 101, 104

    trade with, 91, 253, 277

    interdicted, 248, 271, 276, 364, 365, 409, 410

    See also Ancien Regime; French Directory; French Revolution; War of the First Coalition

    Franking

    regulations, 424, 437, 454

    use of, 24, 25, 27, 35–40, 98, 167, 225, 233, 247, 249, 275, 329, 337, 355–77, 391, 391–478 passim, 522

    Franklin, Benjamin, 307, 335, 602

    “Franklin” as pseudonym, 338–39

    Franklin, Walter, 85–86

    Fraud, legal sanctions against, 554

    Fraunces, Andrew, allegations of, 249–50

    Fraunces, Samuel, 249

    Frederick the Great (Prussia), 531

    Frederick William (Prussia), 322

    Freedom, universal, 117

    Freeman, James, 218, 353, 508, 597–98

    on 2nd federal election, lxv

    comments on GT, lxvi–lxvii

    letters to, printed, 213–14, 220–22, 341–43, 357–58

    relations with, 216, 543

    on religion, xxiii–xxiv, lxvi–lxvii

    role in Unitarian movement, 215, 516

    on titles, lv

    Freeman, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488

    Freeman, Samuel, 165, 303, 322, 598

    correspondence with, lxii, 165

    letters to, printed, 162–64

    Freeport, Maine, proposed college at, 173

    French and Indian War, 273, 323, 327, 613

    French Directory, 374, 386, 394

    characterized, 414, 415, 419, 424

    criticism of, 375, 377–78, 430

    diplomatic relations with, lxix, 408–09, 410, 423, 429, 439

    newspaper leaks by, lxxi

    political instability of, 399, 400, 416, 427, 450

    French Guiana, penal colony in, 400

    French language, 383, 389

    French Revolution, 426, 449

    British sympathizers, 218, 607

    characterized, 291

    clergy’s opposition to, 340

    conspiracies against, 400

    Declaration of the Rights of Man, 230

    disenchantment with, xliii–xliv, lxx, 409, 413, 429

    episodes

    September Massacres, 230

    Tenth of August, 229

    The Terror, 246–47, 258, 446

    ideologies of, 589, 590, 592

    leadership of, 587

    parties and factions, 242, 245, 256, 258, 260, 321, 322, 587

    public ignorance of, 329

    readings on, 366, 367

    Royalists, 229, 272, 400

    spread of, lvi, 261, 292, 316–17, 335, 352, 409, 413

    support for, lvi, 227–28, 229–30, 235, 247, 249, 274, 294–95, 314, 315, 323

    wars of, 209, 255. See also War of the First Coalition

    Friend of Peace (Boston), 533

    Friendship, 143

    economic role of, 470

    between men, xlvii–xlviii

    political role of, lxi, 438, 439

    qualities of, 100, 133, 138

    Friendship (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271

    Frontier, The

    dangers of, lxxv–lxxvi

    defense of, 147, 204, 210

    hostilities on, 282, 323

    newspaper circulation in, 403

    settlers, characterized, 147

    Frost, Amariah, landlord, 463, 465

    Frost, William, correspondence with, 91

    Frye, Simon, 337

    Fryeburg Academy (Me.), 325, 326–27, 327, 334, 513–14

    donations to, xli, xcix

    Fryeburg, Maine, residents of, 69, 337

    Ft. Bourbon (Martinique), capture of, 286, 289, 303

    Ft. Jefferson (Darke County, Oh.), 164, 166, 169

    Ft. Knox (Vincennes, In.), 141

    Ft. Miami (Toledo, Oh.), British occupation of, 312, 314–15

    Ft. Pitt (Pittsburgh, Penn.), defense of, 169

    Ft. Recovery, Ohio, 165, 289

    Ft. Washington (Cincinnati, Oh.), 141, 165, 166

    Ft. Wayne, Indiana, 166

    Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 582, 583, 588, 589

    Funding Act (1790), 115, 169, 207

    Funding system, liberty threatened by, 311

    Funerals, cxii, 83, 346, 348

    avoidance of, cxiv, 525

    See also Mourning

    Furniture, influence on manners, 82

    · G ·

    Gallatin, Albert

    criticism of, lxxiii, xcv, 413, 439

    speeches of, 413, 584

    Gallatin, Hannah Nicholson, on James Monroe, xcv

    Game-playing

    cards, 132, 133, 136

    developmental importance of, 189

    Gardiner, John, legal reform crusade of, 98, 99

    Gardoqui, Don Diego de, social life, 10, 11

    Gazette (Portland, Me.), items printed, lxxvii

    Gazette of Maine (Portland), xlv, 331, 612

    Gazette of the United States (NYC and Philadelphia), 258, 266, 272, 310, 357, 387, 587

    on Benjamin Franklin Bache, lxxi

    as Federalist organ, xciv, 403

    items printed in, lxxvii, 267, 281, 282, 289, 322, 377–78, 436, 439, 445, 450

    General Advertiser (Philadelphia), lvi, 275, 307

    items printed in, 255, 282, 296, 324

    General Welfare clause, li, 592

    Genêt, Edmond-Charles, 242, 294

    diplomatic career of, lxix

    legacy of, 374, 400

    political agitation by, 240, 263–64, 266, 275, 287, 413

    public opinion on, 241, 256

    recall of, 254, 258, 267

    Geneva (Switzerland), 413, 439, 499, 509

    Geography, cvi

    instruction in, xxi, xcix, 178, 339, 486–87

    George (ship), 81

    George, Daniel, 230, 236, 598

    correspondence with, 279, 284, 315

    letters to, printed, 307–09

    Georgetown (Washington), D.C., 388, 464, 467, 468, 470

    Georgetown, Maine, lawyers in, 604, 610

    Georgia, liv, lxxxvi, 266

    disputed 2nd election, 205, 207, 208, 211

    slavery in, 46, 589

    territory, 141, 584, 586–87

    See also Southern states

    Georgia congressional delegation, and election of Speaker (1799), 443

    German language, 178, 240

    German Reformed Church, clergy in, 178

    Germany, c, 240

    Gerry, Ann Thompson, 598

    Gerry, Elbridge, 378, 598

    correspondence with, xciii

    See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)

    Gerrymandering, benefits of, xcvi

    Gibbon, Edward, relations with Joseph Priestley, 217, 219

    Gibraltar, Siege of (1779–83), 519

    Gibraltar, Straights of, and Algerine activity, 270, 288

    Gibraltar, U.S. diplomats at, 272

    Gilbert, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488

    Giles, William Branch, 413, 598–99

    debates, 272, 354, 411, 584, 586

    resolutions forwarded to, 309, 310, 312, 321

    Gill, Moses, correspondence with, 230

    Gillon, Alexander, motion on embargo, 317

    Gilman, Mr. (Biddeford, Me.), schoolmaster, 227

    Gilman, Nicholas, 50, 107

    Girard, Stephen, 275

    Girls, 335, 362, 455

    education of, xxxviii, 359, 360, 369, 447, 457, 458, 459

    GT’s attraction to, xxviii, xxxi, 113, 358, 366, 535

    manners, 12, 23, 42, 82, 149, 335, 377, 459

    reading habits of, 419, 432, 501

    Girondists, 242, 258, 322, 587

    Glasgow, Scotland, clergy in, 520

    Glasgow, University of (Scotland), 99, 219, 509

    Glaubeck, Peter William Joseph Ludwig, Baron de, accounts of, 250

    Glen, Henry, fear of fire, lxxxvi

    Gloucester, England, bishop of, 509

    Gloucester, Maine, mail delivery to, 188

    Gloucester, Massachusetts, clergy in, 500

    God, lvii, 104, 181

    benevolence of, 1, 2, 99, 545–46

    characterized, 3, 133, 491, 493, 494, 572

    experiences of (theopathy), 98, 308, 309

    Godwin, William, xcviii, 446

    Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, writings of, 56

    Goode, Samuel, motions of, 592

    Goodhue, Benjamin, 191, 452, 599

    constituent relations, 309, 310, 312

    relations with, 80, 150, 171

    Gookin, William S., painting by, xvi

    Gordon, William, History, 179, 182

    Gore, Christopher, civ, 120, 168, 347, 599, 605–06

    comments on GT, lii, lxiv, cxvi

    relations with, xxi, xxxiv–xxxv, li, 6, 250, 326

    role in ratification, 22, 31

    Gore, John, 347

    Gore, Rebecca Payne, relations with, 250, 326, 599

    Gorham Academy, attenders, 610

    Gorham, Isaac, 2, 116

    Gorham, Joseph, 116

    Gorham, Maine, cv

    2nd federal election in, lxiii, 141–42, 143

    proposed college at, 153, 173, 175

    residents, xxxiv, 143, 294, 594

    Gorham, Mary (Thacher), 499

    Gorham, Sarah (Sally), 113

    Gorham, Sarah Taylor, 116

    Gorham, Sarah Thacher (sister), xix, 2, 116

    Gorham, Temperance Garrett, 499

    Gospels, The

    study of, 501, 515

    truth of, 3, 4, 134

    Gossip, political, 323

    Government, 125, 145, 338, 553, 563–64

    purpose of, 121, 567, 573

    Government, federal, 129, 136, 328, 418, 511, 585

    characterized, 28, 571, 573

    organizing of, 44, 135, 142, 586

    Grace, special

    doctrine of, rejected, 543

    effects of, 536, 563–64

    Gray, Cadwallader, petition of, 425

    Gray, Edwin, 589, 591

    Great Barrington, Massachusetts, lawyer in, 609

    Great Britain, xcvii, 132, 182, 351, 607

    abolition movement, 492

    admiralty courts, 281, 295, 301

    alliances, European, 313, 353

    American Revolution’s supporters in, 509

    army, 31, 165, 242, 281, 289, 294, 312–13, 314

    class divisions, 74

    colonial administration, lxxvi, 17–18, 35, 165, 210

    diplomats, 36, 273, 361

    emperial expansion, 105

    French invasion of, 409, 410, 416, 432

    French Revolution’s supporters in, 218, 607

    government

    contrasts with, lvi–lvii, 18, 345

    Lord Chancellor (Lord Mansfied), allusion to, 606

    ministry, 285

    monarchy, 296, 426, 465

    Parliament, lxi, 219, 273, 296, 485, 500

    prime minister, 279, 512

    Tories, 40, 281

    history, 17th Century, 149, 160, 186, 557, 562

    immigration from, 149, 182, 288, 446, 468, 480, 485, 607

    legal processes, ci

    manufactures, 36

    navy, 284, 402, 440

    impressment by, 141, 349, 608

    operations of, 271, 273, 276, 279, 280, 286, 291

    strength of, 352, 401

    U.S. reliance on, lxxix, 409

    private debts due to creditors in, 242, 278, 281, 284, 288, 291, 292, 296, 399

    public credit, 101, 103–104

    relations with Algerines, 245

    relations with France, 293–94, 316, 351–52, 409

    relations with Spain, 140, 141, 303, 392

    relations with U.S., lxviii, lxxix, 274, 278, 302, 375, 409, 424, 593, 603 (See also Jay Treaty; Treaty of Paris (1783); War Crisis [1794])

    revolution in, predicted, 292

    tax burden, 104

    theater, 101, 104

    trade policy (See also Dundas, Henry, instructions of)

    navigation acts, 250, 261

    Orders in Council, cii, 295, 300, 301

    trade with, 91, 189, 249, 253, 254, 262, 275–76, 279, 282, 283, 284, 302, 356, 409, 599 (See also Embargoes; Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions)

    benefits of, 253–54

    detention and interdiction of, xcv, 242, 248, 271, 273, 278, 279, 281, 291, 299, 304, 364

    Unitarian movement in, 487, 500

    See also Northwest Territory, British posts held in; War of the First Coalition

    Great Lakes, Indians settled around, 210

    Greece, ancient, c

    allusions to, 146, 404, 413

    government of, 125, 127, 557

    lessons from, 102, 151, 152

    religion of, 110, 495

    Greek language, study of, xx, ci, 514

    Greele, Lydia Maria Sewall, 519, 521

    Greele, Samuel, cii, 521, 599

    letters to, printed, 515–19

    Green, Abigail, courtship of, 114

    Greene, Benjamin, in 7th federal election, lxxxv

    Greenleaf, James, family of, 536

    Greenleaf, Joseph, and lighthouse keeper’s pay, 211–12, 213

    Greenough, Charles P., collector of Thatcher letters, lxxxii

    Greenville, Ohio, letters written from, 289

    Griffin, Cyrus, as president of Confederation Congress, 22

    Griswold-Lyon Affair, 378, 381–82, 405–06, 406–08, 408, 409

    Griswold, Roger, 439, 599. See also Griswold-Lyon Affair

    Grog, xlii

    Gross, Daniel, 178

    Grotius, Hugo, writings of, c

    Groton, Maine, lawyer in, 610

    Grout, Jonathan, xxxiv, 80, 150

    Guadaloupe, West Indies, 456

    Guernsey, Isle of, 252, 308

    Gulf of Maine, xxvi

    Gulf Stream, 307

    Gunboats, xcv

    Gunpowder, 444

    Guns, 113, 114, 519

    Gutridge, Mr. (Saco, Me.), money owed by, 298

    Guyana (Damarara), 602

    · H ·

    Haggens, Edward, 532, 533

    Hague, The, 509

    U.S. diplomats at, lxxix–lxxx, 238

    Hair styles, 12

    Haley, Silvester (1762–1826), indebtedness to, 453

    Halifax, Nova Scotia, news reported from, 288

    Hall, Mary Cotton, 600

    Hall, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488

    Hall, Stephen, 209, 599–600

    comments on GT, lxi

    correspondence with, xlviii

    letters to, printed, 2–4

    Hallett, John Allen, xxiii

    Hallett, Thanksful Thacher, xxiii

    Hallowell Academy (Hallowell, Me.), 484, 485

    Hallowell, Maine, 91, 512

    1st federal election in, xlviii

    development of, 288, 485

    GT’s relocation to, 484

    post office, 170, 172, 173, 177, 188, 192

    residents of, 178, 484, 526

    See also Augusta, Maine

    Hamburg, Germany, news from, 438

    Hamilton, Alexander, 255, 312, 600

    communications with president, 324

    correspondence with, 206, 252

    death of, 389, 595

    on Democratic Societies, 275

    at Federal Convention, lxxiii

    GT consults with, 205, 211, 212

    political leadership of, 86, 394

    and Quasi-War, lxxix

    reports on

    assumption (supplemental), 204, 206–207

    manufactures, 195, 197, 203, 204

    petition of John Hobby, 255, 265, 267

    public credit, 96–97, 98

    receipts and expenditures, 203, 204

    reputation of, 120, 249

    role

    assumption, lviii

    Genêt’s recall, 266

    investigation of revenue fraud, 171, 206

    lighthouses regulation, 213

    writings, lxxii, 266

    Hammond (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271

    Hammond, George, 340

    diplomatic communications, 241, 242–43, 300, 313, 315

    Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, clergy at, 614

    Hancock County, Maine, federal elections in, 177, 230

    Hancock, John, 191, 600

    governorship, 106, 107, 610

    letter to, printed, 191

    as vice presidential candidate (1788), lxxx

    Handwriting, xxxix, xl, cxxi, 233, 447, 470

    educational role of, 458

    schooling in, 359, 360

    Happiness, individual, 75

    influences on, 292, 298, 553

    measures of, 110, 290

    pursuit of, 25, 71, 112, 134, 308

    sources of, 72, 256–57, 362, 401, 571

    Happiness, public, 8

    maximization of, 121, 137, 308

    sources of, 129, 552

    Harbors and ports, defense of, xcv, 265

    Act to provide for (1794), 270, 271, 272, 276, 277

    Hardison, Joseph, petition of, 120

    Harmar, Josiah. See Harmar’s Defeat

    Harmar’s Defeat (1790), 141, 146–47, 149, 165, 166

    Harper, Robert Goodloe

    motions, lxxi–lxxii, 392

    speeches, 412, 413, 439, 584, 593

    toast coined by, 436

    votes, 411

    writings, 423, 424

    Harrington, James, Oceana, c, 145, 146

    Harrisburg Journal (Penn.), item printed in, 149

    Hartford Convention, xcvii–xcviii, 606

    Hartford Courant (Conn.), item printed in, cxiv

    Hartford, Connecticut, 237, 239

    letters written from, 32–33, 239

    travel to and from, lxvi, 33, 39, 40, 237, 374, 436, 437, 438, 442, 461, 462

    Hartley, David

    and “doctrine of association,” xxxix, lxxxv, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221

    on human nature, 307–08

    writings, 121, 122, 309, 493

    Hartley, Samuel, 525, 526

    Harvard Divinity School, attenders, 543

    Harvard University

    attenders, xxiv, xxxii, xxxiv, xliv, lxvii, civ, cx, cxi, 30, 182, 189, 198, 216, 224, 238, 326, 327, 358–59, 465, 472, 485, 487, 488, 508, 514, 519, 521, 526, 529, 543, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614

    curriculum, xxi, xxiii, 182, 493

    discipline at, xxii

    faculty, 175, 178, 528, 542, 606

    financial support for, 326

    GT’s attendance at, xx–xxi, cv, 9, 176, 178, 181, 297, 358, 488, 512, 541

    religious beliefs at, xxi–xxii, cx, 182, 542

    in Revolutionary War, xxi–xxii, 176, 178

    tutors, 465, 600

    Harvard, Massachusetts, residents, 611

    Harvard, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488, 489

    Hasey, Benjamin, 600–01

    correspondence with, 166, 243, 251

    departure of, 296, 298, 299

    Haven, Joseph, 534, 535

    Haven, Sarah Greenleaf Appleton, 534, 535–36

    Hawes, Edmund Jr., suicide of, xxv

    Hawes, Edmund Sr., suicide of, xxv

    Hawes, James, 113, 115

    Hay, Mr. and Mrs., indebtedness to, 402

    Hay, supply of, xvii, 92, 437

    Hazard, Ebenezer, documentary editions of, 163, 164–65

    Health

    Health, importance of, 187, 362

    Health, public, 439

    Heathenism, 126, 185, 351, 497, 503, 515, 564

    Heaven and afterlife

    belief in, xxiv, 4, 68, 144, 524

    “New Jerusalem,” 114, 122, 308

    unknowability of, 142

    Hedge, Temperance Thacher (sister), xix

    Hell, 181

    described, 122, 444, 545

    disbelief in, 76–77, 134

    literary allusions to, xcv

    preaching about, 148

    See also Punishment, eternal

    Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 121, 122, 145, 146

    Hemings, Sally, 550

    Henry, Patrick, nominated peace commissioner to France, 456

    Herald of Freedom (Boston), items printed in, lxii–lxiii, 47, 99

    Herbert, Edward, 518

    Heretics, punishment of, 505

    Herodotus, writings, c

    Herron, Capt., 266

    Higginson, Nathaniel, as U.S. agent, 299, 300, 301

    Higginson, Stephen, 299, 300

    Hill, Jeremiah, xxii, 66, 339, 454, 601

    in 2nd federal election, lxiii

    comments on

    antifederalists, lii

    GUS, xciv

    local social life, xxxi, 227, 232

    merchants, political role of, lix–lx

    presidential election (1792), 231

    ratification, l–lii, li–lii

    TBW, 236

    titles, lv, lvi

    correspondence with, xlii, cxiii, 9, 52, 331, 418, 549

    financial transactions with, 226, 231, 240, 326, 359, 393, 402, 442, 453, 466

    letters to, printed, 144–46, 240–42, 401–02, 429

    political news for, 54, 238, 391

    relations with, xxix, xliv–xlv, lxiii, 187, 298

    religion of, xliv, lxvii, 215, 375

    visits, xlii, 6, 9, 10, 51, 78, 79, 186, 227

    witness to GT’s will, cxv

    Hill, Mary Emery, 10, 601

    Hilliard, Timothy, xxiii, xxiv

    Hinduism, 542

    Juggernaut, 495, 501, 502

    Hindus, civic equality of, 573

    Hingham, Massachusetts, farmer at, 604

    Hiram, Maine, farmer at, 613

    Historians, 135, 179, 184, 314, 519, 598, 610

    History, xix, 7

    ages of, 97–98

    challenge recording, xlix

    lessons from, 68, 125, 142–43, 145, 210, 352, 552–53, 563, 565

    medieval, 515, 563, 565

    study of, 38, 40, 486, 489, 497, 570

    See also names of places

    History, ancient, xlvii, 110, 219, 554

    Trojan, 124, 159

    See also Greece; Israel; Rome

    Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan, c

    Hobby, John, 601

    correspondence with, 250, 255, 262, 315

    letters to, printed, 248–49, 252–54, 262–65, 269–72, 273–75, 276, 277–80, 285–88, 295–96, 299–300, 305–06, 309–10, 315–17, 319–21

    petition of, 252, 255, 265, 267, 288, 289, 321, 322

    Hodgdon, Alexander, money drawn on, 88

    Hodges, Benjamin, writings of, 509

    Hodges, Charles, lodgings with, 525

    Holderness, New Hampshire, landed proprietor of, 604

    Holidays and celebrations

    April Fools Day, liv

    birthdays, 81, 297

    Christmas, xxx–xxxi, lxv, 68, 331, 470, 471

    Easter, 83

    fast days, 426–27

    Forefathers’ Day, 527–28, 529

    Governors Day, 208, 209

    July 4th, liii

    New Year, 243, 472, 473, 527

    presidential inaugurations, 369, 479, 480, 481

    Thanksgiving, 330–31, 540

    Washington’s birthday, 256, 345, 347, 366, 367–68

    Hollingsworth, W., writings, c

    Hollis, New Hampshire, residents of, 216, 597

    Holmes, Abiel, 528, 529

    Holmes, Ann Susan, 528, 529

    Holmes, John, liii, 601

    letters to, printed, 521–22

    at state constitutional convention, cvii

    Holmes, Mary Jackson, 528, 529

    Holmes, Oliver Wendell Sr., 529

    Holy Roman Empire, 229, 330. See also Austria

    Holy Spirit (Ghost), doctrine of, 543

    Homesickness, xxxvi, 37, 225–26, 348, 369, 403, 421, 433, 457, 464, 465, 524

    acute, 41, 53, 425

    burden of, lxxxix, 25, 26, 154, 197–98

    cures for, 44

    impact of, lxxxv, 86–87

    persistence of, 9, 11, 12

    seasonal, 232, 456

    symptoms of, cxiii, 57–58, 60

    Hone, William, writings of, 532

    Honor, national, 375

    Honor, personal, 382

    Hooker, Richard, writings of, c

    Hooper, Benjamin, xxx, 96, 331

    Hooper, Billy, 23

    Hooper, Daniel, xxx, 88

    correspondence with, 294, 454

    Hooper, Lydia Smith, 95, 96

    Hooper, Mary Gray, xxx

    Hopkins, Samuel, 520

    Hopkinsianism, 518, 520

    Horseback riding, 36

    Horses

    family (Dagon and Rhoda), 23, 68, 80

    handling of, xxxii, 6, 89, 339, 464

    theft of, xcii

    Hospitals, naval, 439

    House of Representatives, U.S., 160, 281, 283, 284, 296

    debate, cxvi, 288, 378, 380, 383

    calls to order, 384, 407, 589

    characterized, 241, 349, 392

    closed doors, 188, 189, 204, 415

    coverage of, lv–lvi, lvii, xciv, 134, 136, 259–60, 311, 353, 357, 413, 592

    decorum, lxxiv

    freedom of, 450

    gallery for, 258

    length of, 203

    disputed elections to, 205, 207, 208, 211

    “grand committees,” use of, 255, 267, 287, 289, 293

    Journal, 129, 353, 357, 581

    Mace, lvi, 465

    officers, 371 (See also Clerk of the House; Speaker of the House)

    clerks, 405

    doorkeeper, 238, 240, 372, 454

    sergeant at arms, lvi, 238, 240, 326, 361, 372, 406, 465, 477

    parties and factions, 305–06, 354, 405

    powers

    call for executive papers, 409

    elections, presidential, 476

    foreign affairs, 353, 354, 404

    impeachment, 405

    relations with Senate, lvi, 90

    rules and procedures, 157

    balloting for president, 477

    censure, 408

    committee referrals, 588

    on debates, 384, 385, 389, 591

    debates on, lvi–lvii, lxi, lxx–lxxi, 99

    expulsion, 381–82, 406, 408

    “Gag Rule,” 582

    Journal, 353, 354, 357

    language, 383, 384, 389

    leaves of absence, 420

    open doors to debates, 409

    petitions, lx, lxx–lxxi, 107, 160, 398, 589–90

    recording votes, 355–56

    size, lxviii, 20, 203, 258 (See also Apportionment)

    See also individual Congresses

    Howland, Bethia Thacher, 499

    Hubbard, Dudley, 441, 453, 601

    correspondence with, 178, 483

    letters to, printed, 178–81

    Hubbard, Sophia Dame, 453

    Hudson (North) River, New York, 129, 462

    Hudson, Barzillai, visits with, 325, 327, 437, 438, 442, 461

    Hudson, Hannah Bunce, 443

    Hudson, Hannah Watson, marriage of, 327

    Hudson, Margaret Seymour, 327

    Hudson, Olive, travels with, 442, 443, 461, 462

    Human nature, cxvii, 3, 13, 66, 144, 160, 192, 213, 215, 235, 306, 336, 341, 373, 513, 553

    contrariness, 89, 157

    formation of, 110, 493

    frailty of, 57, 557

    frivolity of, 518–19

    habitual, 111, 298

    hopefulness, 531

    hypocritical, lviii–lix

    influences on, 75, 82, 85

    lessons from, 552, 568

    passions, 68, 176

    perfectability of, 1–2, 7

    perversity of, 7, 8, 99, 491, 545

    pleasure vs. pain, 24, 87

    self-deception, lxxxviii, 307

    self-interested, 140, 188, 516

    study of, 50, 145, 308, 320, 561, 570

    Hume, David, 63, 529, 531

    Humor, lxxxii, 76, 78, 113, 137, 232, 364, 499

    as bond of friendship, xliv–xlv, xlvi, xlvii

    uses of, xliii, lxxx, xci, xcv, 1, 213, 349, 379, 380, 383–84, 388, 572

    Hunting, 113

    Huntington, Benjamin, 149, 150

    Husbands, 52, 80, 83, 346–47, 565, 601. See also Marriage

    Hutchins, Thomas, meeting with, 28, 31

    Hutchinson, Thomas, allusions to, 99

    Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, xlvii

    Hygiene (washing), 9, 12

    Hylton v. U.S., 312

    Hypocrisy, lii, 130

    · I ·

    Illinois, land sales in, 31

    Illnesses

    ague, 464

    anthrax, 469

    bilious fever, 468

    cancer, 252, 533

    cough and cold, 5, 455, 456

    depression (melancholy), 80, 231

    digestion, cxiii–cxiv

    eye disease, lxii

    fever, 207, 464, 474, 477

    headache, 290

    hypochondria, cxiii

    influenza, 154

    insanity, 510

    “the itch,” 154

    jaundice, 251

    measles, xlv

    meningitis (“spotted fever”), cxii

    mental, 532

    morning sickness, 154

    mumps, 244

    palsey, 252

    paralysis, 230–31

    poisoning, 47

    puerperal fever, 40

    rashes, 244

    rheumatism (arthritis), xlvi, cxiii, cxiv, 154, 535

    sore mouth, 346

    sore throat, 477

    sores, 360, 466, 469, 471, 472

    strokes, paralytic, cxv

    tropical, 400

    typhus, 469, 473

    whooping cough, 434, 435

    See also Philadelphia, yellow fever at; Smallpox; Thatcher (Thacher), George, health

    Imagination, 307, 308

    Imlay, Fanny, 446

    Imlay, Gilbert, 446, 450

    Immigrants (aliens)

    dangers from, 413

    political role of, 578

    slaves of, 582

    Immigration

    obstacles to, lxxiii, 127

    trends, 123

    Immortality, 81, 186

    biblical teachings on, 184–85

    Impeachment, resort to, 19

    Impost Act (1789), 90, 91, 116, 136

    GT’s role in, 182

    Impost duties, lviii, 45, 197

    GT’s speeches on, 136

    See also Impost Act (1789); names of goods and products; Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions on

    Impressment of U.S. seamen, 141, 349, 608

    Independence Hall (State House), Philadelphia, 258, 368, 426

    demonstration at, 275–76

    illustration of, 257

    Independent Chronicle (Boston), 613

    GT’s reading of, xciv–xcv, 253

    items printed in, 22, 209, 378

    Independent Gazetteer (Philadelphia), items printed in, 272, 289, 338

    Independent Journal (NYC), item printed in, 22

    India, c, 103, 145, 163, 501, 502

    trade, 61, 254

    See also Asia; East India Company; East Indies

    India (French), emancipation in, 593

    Indian (Cutts’s, Factory) Island, Saco, Maine, xvi

    Indiana, 31, 141

    Indians

    allegorical depictions of, 379

    British stewardship of, 314

    characterized, lxxvii, 147, 210, 387

    diplomatic relations with, 257, 353

    ethnology of, 183

    hostilities with, lxxvi, 158, 160, 167–69, 203–204, 208, 210–11

    petitions on behalf of, 169

    recruited for federal army, 205

    See also names of Indian nations

    Indians (Asian), civic equality of, 573

    Indians, northern, relations with, 267, 287, 289, 324

    Infants, care of, 10

    Inkle & Yarico (play), 27

    Insects (ticks), xliii

    Insurance companies, maritime, 355, 599

    Insurrections, domestic, xciii, 196, 206, 569. See also Shays’s Rebellion; Whiskey Rebellion

    Interest, public, 375, 438

    Interest, self-, 174

    effects of, 192, 516

    motivation of, 122, 140, 154, 188

    types of, 307–08

    Interest, special, influence of, 97

    Interests, local, 157, 188

    Intolerance, religious, lix

    Invalid Pensions Acts (1792, 1793, 1794), 255, 280, 322

    Invalids, army, 604

    Ipswich, Massachusetts, residents of, 30, 601

    Iredell, James, 312, 343, 344

    Ireland, 132

    French invasion of, 402, 440

    immigrants from, 245, 604

    Ireland, Church of, 358

    Iron manufacturing, 161

    Iroquois. See Six Nations

    Islam (Muslims, Mohammed, Mahomet), c, 123, 508, 564

    civic equality for, cvii, 573

    Isle of Wight County, Virginia, planter of, 606

    Isley, Daniel, 279

    Islington, Capt., captured by British, 271

    Israel, ancient, c, 102, 103, 323, 342, 351, 490, 497, 504

    Italy, ancient tribes of, 103

    · J ·

    Jackson, James, election disputed by, 207, 211

    Jacobinism, 266, 409, 416, 526

    in France, 258, 322

    GT accused of, xlvii, lvi, 409

    opposition accused of, lxxvii, lxxxiv, 426, 429, 439

    Jamaica, xxxii, 271

    Jamaica, New York, travel to and from, 63

    James, Sir William-James, 56

    Jay Treaty, 313, 330, 602

    congressional action on, lx, lxxxvii, 340, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355

    consequences of, lxviii, 240, 357, 374, 375, 399

    execution of, 315, 353, 354

    public opinion on, lx, 338–39, 355, 357

    source of factions, 399, 400

    Jay, John, 31, 266, 601–02

    in Genêt’s recall, 263, 266

    mission to Great Britain, 306, 307, 309, 313, 323, 324, 329–30, 349 (See also Jay Treaty)

    in presidential election (1800), 476

    Jay, Sarah Livingston, lxxxviii, 602

    Jefferson, Thomas, 602

    characterized, cii

    conversations recorded by, lxxviii

    correspondence with, 543, 602

    diplomatic career, 31

    letters to, printed, 540–41, 542–43

    Notes on the State of Virginia, 183, 186, 590, 592

    opinion on

    5th Congress, 372

    neutrality law, 266

    on Whiskey Rebellion, 275

    party leadership by, 450, 578

    presidency, xcv, xcvi

    criticism of, 550

    election to (1800–01), lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 468, 476, 478

    inauguration, 479, 480, 481

    legacy of, 578

    officeholding under, 348, 596, 597, 603, 606

    policies, cii

    state of the union addresses, 465

    private life, 550

    relations with Genêt, 266, 267

    religious beliefs, 540–41

    retirement of, 541

    as secretary of state, 167, 240, 250, 267, 290, 294

    social life, 543

    as vice president, 476, 576

    Jeffersonian-Republicans. See Democratic-Republicans

    Jenkins, Mrs. (Me.), money owed to, 224

    Jenks’ Portland Gazette (Me.), lxxxiv

    items printed in, 446, 550

    Jenyns, Soame, writings of, 503, 509

    Jersey (prison ship), 63

    Jersey, Isle of, captured by France, 308

    Jerusalem, “New,” references to, 114, 122, 308

    Jervis, John, 1st Earl of St. Vincent, 273, 304

    Jesus

    contrasted with later Christians, 498–99, 515

    divinity of, lxv, 3–4, 133, 217, 341, 342, 493, 501, 502–503, 507, 516, 519, 543

    human nature of, 134, 494, 564

    persecution of, 145

    teachings of, 184–85, 186, 489–90, 492, 494, 500, 504, 518, 531, 540, 553

    Jewett, Caleb, campaigning by, 141–42, 143

    Jews, 437, 503

    civil rights of, cvii, 572–73

    diaspora, 103, 105

    and sectarian strife, 105, 564

    See also Israel, ancient

    Johnson, Samuel, “The Idler,” 362

    Johnston, John, portrait by, 168

    Johonnot, Francis, correspondence with, 240

    Johonnot, Samuel C., 141, 602

    letters to, printed, 141–43

    Jones (author), 183

    Jones, Absalom, petition from, 588

    Jones, Capt., letters conveyed by, 33

    Jones, David, writings of, c

    Jones, James, speeches of, 589, 591

    Jones, Jenkin Lloyd, Unitarianism of, 516, 519

    Jones, John Paul, 456

    Jordan, Mr. (schoolmaster, Biddeford, Me.), 374, 470

    Jordan, Risworth Jr., xxx

    Jordan, Samuel, correspondence with, 156

    Jordan, Sarah Forsyth, xxx

    Josephus, writings of, c

    Jotham (farmhand), xl, xli, 401, 425, 442, 456, 467, 471, 484

    Judaism, 508, 515

    Judicial Act (1801), appointments under, lxi

    Judiciary Act (1789), liv, 92–93, 312

    Judiciary, federal, 170, 190–91, 191, 206. See also Courts, federal; Supreme Court of the U.S.

    Juno (ship), capture of, xxiii

    Juries, xxxi, lxxi, xcii–xciii, cvii, 502

    Jurieu, Pierre, writings of, c

    Justice, xcii, 100–101, 106

    Justices of the Peace, duties of, 120, 595

    · K ·

    Kames, Henry Home, Lord, educational theories of, xxxviii, 73, 74, 75–77

    Kaplan, Lawrence S., xcvi

    Kean, Edmund, xcviii

    Keating, Richard, marriage of, 602

    Keating, Sarah Barrell, 450, 602

    greetings to, 337, 353, 390, 400, 410

    visits, 433, 449

    Kellogg, Elijah, campaigning by, 144–45, 146

    Kennebec County, Maine

    courts at, xcii

    fortifying of, 270

    proposed college in, 177

    shipping, 271

    Kennebec River, Maine, 153, 177, 190

    Kennebunk, Maine

    courts at, 23–24

    residents, 161, 216, 230, 391, 597, 602

    travel to and from, 26, 461

    Kennebunkport, Maine, revenue collection at, lxxxix

    Kennedy, David J., 346

    Kent County, Delaware, 582

    letter addressed to, 117

    Kentucky, 141, 165, 263, 446, 604

    statehood, xlix, lv–lvi, 193

    Kentucky congressional delegation, member of, 604

    Kilham, Daniel, correspondence with, lxii, 189

    King, Charles, 81

    King, Cyrus, xxx, 602–03, 603, 607, 610

    Federalist leadership of, xciii

    letters to, printed, 510–11

    King, David, xxx

    King, Elizabeth (Betsy). See Porter, Elizabeth (Betsy) King

    King, Hannah Storer, 603

    King, John Alsop, 27

    King, Mary Alsop, 27, 603

    King, Richard, 81

    King, Rufus, xxx, 46, 79, 602, 603, 607

    correspondence with, 189

    election of, 72–73

    on GT’s health, cxv

    relations with

    Gore, Christopher, xxxiv–xxxv, 599

    GT, 5, 12, 26, 33, 50, 57, 63, 89, 91, 250

    Washington, George, 266

    role in

    Confederation Congress, 27

    Genêt’s recall, 263, 266

    ratification, 22, 31

    speeches, 522

    King, William (Ireland), 358

    King, William, at Maine constitutional convention, cvi

    Kings and princes, treatment of, 89

    Kingston, Jamaica, merchants at, 608

    Kingston, Massachusetts, residents of, 443, 612

    Kingston, New Hampshire, clergy at, lxviii

    Kittery, Maine, 66, 69, 93, 439

    Knowledge, acquisition of, 475, 490–91, 494

    Knox, Henry, 603

    GT consults with, 157, 321

    on Indian relations, lxxvi

    liberty threatened by, 311

    relations with TBW, 526

    reports on

    Indian wars, 203, 204

    invalid pensions, 248, 255

    St. Clair’s Defeat, 189

    reports to, on Indian hostilities, 147, 165, 289

    role in Genêt’s recall, 266

    social life, xviii

    Knox, Lucy Flucker, lxxxviii, 603

    Kolkata (Calcutta), India, missionaries at, 508

    Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 337

    · L ·

    L’Enfant, Peter Charles, 42, 52, 79

    La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François, duc de, Travels, xvii, xviii, lxxiv

    La Vengeance (ship), 456

    Lancastrian system of education, cix

    Land bounties, warrants for, lxii

    Lands, public, 153, 160

    Lane, Daniel, correspondence with, lxii

    Lane, Isaac, petition of, 425

    Langdon, John, family of, 594, 610

    Langdon, Paul, 326

    Languages and linguistics, 557, 565, See also names of languages

    study of, 183, 513

    Latimer, George, 436

    Latin America, cvi

    Latin language, study of, xx, 514

    Law, xix, 527

    alterations, frequency of, 99

    mercantile, xxxii

    rule of, 291

    study of, xxv, xxvii, xxxii, lxiv, xci, cv–cvi, cxv, 59, 152, 174, 180, 297, 327, 394, 595, 597, 600, 605, 606

    Law of Nations, 365

    compliance with, 295, 299, 300

    301

    “Just War,” 203, 278, 313

    violations of, 281, 293

    Law-making, 110, 125

    Law, divine, 390, 490, 493, 494

    Law, Edmund, writings of, 222, 358

    Law, natural, 546, 547

    Laws, 124, 140, 546, 548, 583

    definition of, 103–104

    public input on, 553

    religious bias of, 130

    theories of, xxxvii–xxxviii

    Laws, federal, 569

    circulation of, 136, 188

    state nullification of, 575–77

    Laws, state, as basis for federal law, 569

    Lawyers and legal profession

    characterized, xxxiv

    interests, vs. merchants’ interests, lxiii, 231

    practices of, 100, 502, 505, 527, 600, 603, 614

    public opinion on, lxiii, 120, 189, 228–29, 233, 235, 236

    reform of, 98, 99

    as role models, 152

    scarcity of, xxvi

    See also Law, study of

    Le Brun, Élisabeth Vigée, portrait by, 259

    LeBlanc, George Pierre, diplomatic career of, 258

    Lee, “Lighthorse Harry,” as Washington’s eulogist, 445

    Lee, Charles, as attorney general, 410

    Lee, John, appointment for, lxi

    Lee, Richard Henry, role in ratification, 22

    Lee, Silas, lxi, 6, 54, 474, 603

    arrival in D.C., 462

    comments on

    3rd federal election, 230–31, 236

    Collection Act (1789), 94

    ratification, l–lii, li–lii

    titles, lv

    correspondence with, xlii–xliii, lxxxvi, 42, 78

    courtship and marriage of, xxxii, xxxvii, 603

    election of, lxxvii

    health of, cxii, 96, 477

    law practice of, xxxii, 41–42, 59, 60

    office seeking by, 206

    portrait of, 448

    relations with

    GT, xliii, 11, 41, 484

    JH, 52

    TBW, 236

    Thatcher family, 6, 12, 23, 26, 79–80

    resignation from Congress, xc, 606

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    social life, xlii, 9, 10, 78, 472, 483

    Lee, Temperance (“Tempe,” “Tempy”) Hedge, 12, 56, 82, 465, 472, 603

    courtship and marriage of, xxxii, xxxvii, 603

    greetings to and from, 66, 69, 473

    health, 26, 88, 455, 466, 469, 474, 477

    portrait of, 448

    relations with, xxix–xxx, 41, 42, 68, 78

    role in Thatcher home, xxxvii, xl

    at seat of government, 447, 449, 462

    social life, xxviii, 23, 448, 449, 455, 464, 484

    Legislators, federal, return to citizenry, 19

    Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, xix, 178, 181

    Leiden, The Netherlands, schooling at, 542

    Leigh, (Thomas?), letters conveyed by, 66

    Leland, John, xlvii

    Leonard, George, 150, 161

    Letter-writing

    aversion to, 441

    duty of, 431

    educational role of, 459

    frequency, 12, 24, 26, 156, 331, 334, 348, 397, 406, 415, 416

    length, 102, 332

    practices, 87, 126–27, 398–99, 523

    spelling, xxxix

    strain of, cxiii, 246, 247, 284, 359, 478

    style, lxxxvii–lxxxvii, 15, 60, 96

    time of writing, 4, 9, 11, 25–26, 32, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 79, 166, 234, 238, 332, 444, 445, 467, 521, 536

    See also Constituents, circular letters; Correspondence; Handwriting

    Lexington and Concord, Battles of (1775), xxii, 160, 289, 512

    Lexington, Kentucky, 266

    Libel, prosecutions for, lxxi, lxxvii, ci, 266

    Liberties, constitutional protection of, 15, 19, 20, 423

    Liberty, 19

    allegory and symbols of, 352, 379, 426

    ancient, 102, 156, 201, 404

    European, xcvi, 228, 274, 305, 337, 592

    expansion of, 3, 10, 228

    protection of, 8, 20, 22, 155, 161, 280, 283, 313, 327, 356, 573

    threats to, 156, 311, 352, 356, 521

    Liberty (ship), 440

    Liberty poles, allusions to, 404

    Libraries, private, 163, 179, 485, 486, 487. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, library, personal

    Library of Congress, c, 463

    Life, unpredictability of, 290

    Lifespan, predictions about, 81, 297, 298, 428, 485

    Lighthouses Act (1789), 213

    Lincoln County, Maine, 400

    federal elections in, 177, 228, 230, 231

    land surveys in, xcii–xciii

    post office in, 172, 173

    public opinion in, on separation from Massachusetts, 195

    Lincoln, Benjamin, liv, 211–12, 213, 604

    Lincoln, Levi, as attorney general, 206

    Lincoln, Massachusetts, schoolteacher in, 608

    Lindsey, Theophilus, 216, 343, 493, 516

    Linen, 10, 39, 40

    Linn, Betsey, education of, 227

    Linn, John, as landlord, 156

    Lisbon, Portugal, news reported from, 288

    Liston, Henrietta, reports from 4th Congress, 361, 368

    Literary Miscellany (Philadelphia), 369

    Literature, xviii, xix, ci, 514

    encouragement of, 151, 177

    Lithgow, William Jr., 604

    candidacy of, lxii–lxiii, 139, 228, 229, 230–31

    correspondence with, xlviii

    letters to, printed, 190

    Lithuania, immigration from, 337

    Livermore, Samuel, 107, 162, 164, 223, 604

    Liverpool, England, news reported from, 351

    Livingston, Edward, proposed banishment of, 413

    Livingston, Walter, residence of, 54, 58

    Livy (Titus Livius), History, 201, 202

    Lloyd, James, vi

    Lloyd, Thomas, debate coverage by, lvii, 136

    Loana (Italy), Battle of (1795), 353

    Lobbying, 30, 35, 118, 581, 583, 593, 605

    Locke, John, xix, xxii, 517, 520

    Lodge, Thomas, c

    Log cabins, 464

    Logan, George, private diplomacy of, 439

    London, 35, 186, 532, 542

    bankers and merchants, 288, 485

    churches, 217–18, 220, 500

    Middle Temple, lxxix–lxxx, 606

    money borrowed at, 189

    news reported from, 300, 301

    newspapers, 409

    packet boats to and from, 218, 221, 279, 284, 316

    trade with, 358, 595

    U.S. diplomats in, 63, 238, 243, 274, 306, 313, 599, 602

    U.S. merchants in, political role of, 281, 284, 286

    Loneliness, treatment of, 79–80

    Long Island Sound, 60

    travel through, 27

    Long Island, New York, 62, 63, 344

    Long, Pierse, 604

    letter to, printed, 27–30

    Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 213, 457

    Longfellow, Stephen, marriage of, 457

    Longitude (magnetic variation), determination of, 589–90, 592

    Loring, Elizabeth (Betsey), 238, 239

    Loring, Eunice, 237–38, 239

    Loring, Israel, 239

    Loring, Mary, 238

    Loring, Mary Newell, boardinghouse of, 237, 238, 239

    Loring, Sarah Smith, as tavernkeeper, 239

    Lotteries, 195, 196, 197

    tickets, lxii, 326

    Louis XVI, portrait of, 256, 259

    Louisiana Purchase, lxxvi

    Louisiana, Spanish, attack on, 392

    Love, qualities of, 133

    Lovelase (author), 183

    Low, Mr. (York, Me.), letters conveyed by, 69

    Loyalists (Tories), 294, 578

    beliefs of, 94, 410, 425, 426, 427–28

    extremism of, xxiii, 13

    identification as, civ, 35, 198, 216, 603, 608

    taint of, 206, 595, 596, 609

    Lumber, lxxv, 164

    trade in, 231, 271, 418, 453

    See also Mills

    Lumbermen, characterized, lxxv

    Lunenberg, Massachusetts, lawyer in, 597

    Lunt, William, 359, 360, 371

    Luther, Martin, c, 228, 230

    Lutherans, 240, 549

    Luxury, 59, 61, 62, 569

    Lyell, Thomas, as House chaplain, 477

    Lyman, Samuel, as signatory to circular letter, 452

    Lyme, Connecticut, 517, 520, 599

    Lynch, Mr. (New York City), 58

    Lyon, Matthew, lxxiii, 326, 406, 604

    “affair of honor” with, 379, 380, 388

    See also Griswold-Lyon Affair

    · M ·

    Macau (Macao), China, U.S. diplomats at, 86

    Machias, Maine, 270

    letters addressed to, 196

    post office, 162, 164

    Machiavelli, Niccolò, lxiv, c

    Maciejowice, Battle of (1794), 337

    Maclaine, Archibald, 503, 509

    Maclay, William, lviii, 54, 55

    Macomb, Alexander, properties of, 58, 60

    Macon, Nathaniel, 443

    role in Thatcher-Blount “affair of honor,” 385–87, 389

    “Madam Rogers,” reference to, 452

    Madison Administration, xcv, xcvi, 578, 596

    Madison, Dolley, xcv, 596

    Madison, James, liv, 240, 575, 604–05

    characterized, 575

    description of, xcv

    family, 596

    leaks by, lxxiii

    party leadership of, 320, 574–79 passim

    presidency, xcvii, 510, 511

    proposed banishment of, 413

    role in

    Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204

    discrimination among public creditors, 578

    discriminatory duties, 320

    John Churchman petition, 592

    Mass. anti-embargo petitions, 309, 310, 312, 321

    Report of 1800, 576, 578–79

    trade policy, 271, 295 (See also Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions)

    speeches on

    slavery, lix

    trade policy, 250

    on Thatcher-Blount “affair of honor,” 381

    Madrid, Spain, diplomats in, 243

    Magazines and journals, 419. See also names of publications

    Mail delivery

    conveyance, 153, 164, 435

    costs, 164, 165

    parcel sizes, 73

    postage and fees, 111, 424, 437, 446, 454

    postmarked, 8, 38, 167, 209, 225, 233, 234, 245, 247, 249, 272, 275, 329, 337, 353, 355, 363, 366, 373, 374, 377, 392, 395, 402, 405, 410, 414, 416, 419, 428, 429, 430, 434, 438, 441, 442, 443, 445, 449, 450, 455, 457, 458, 460, 469, 473, 477, 524, 525, 528, 533, 535, 537, 540

    schedule, 163

    speed of, 33, 388

    See also Franking; names of places

    Maine

    agriculture, lxii, 92, 106, 338

    Antifederalists in, 90, 91

    Catholics in, cvii

    characterized, cix, 216, 561

    college petitioned for, 153

    colonial administration of, 294

    congressional districts, redrawn, 153–54, 170, 171

    constituents, characterized, lix

    courts, xxxiv, lxi, xc, 114, 153, 437, 561, 598, 603, 609, 613, 614

    development of, 176–77

    economy, xl, 288

    elections, federal

    1st, xlviii, liii–liv, 66, 67

    2nd, lx, lxii, lxii–lxv, 127–35, 189

    campaigning, 141–42, 144–46

    partisanship in, 612

    predictions about, 91, 118, 134–35, 137, 138, 143, 146

    votes, lxii

    3rd, lxviii, cix, 230

    indifference to outcome, 226

    issues, 228–29, 231, 235–36

    newspaper campaigning, 236

    4th, lxxxix

    6th, lxxvii

    7th, lxxxiv

    federal attorney for, 205, 597, 601, 603, 604, 609

    federal laws published in, 188

    federal marshal for, 601, 606

    Federalists in, lix, lxxvii, cix, cx, 90, 94

    geography, lxxv, 94, 163, 165, 377

    healthiness, 483

    immigration to, xxvi, xliii

    invalid pensioners in, 321

    isolation of, 338

    land sales, 66, 471, 485

    legal profession in, xxvi, 100

    merchants, xli, 245, 264, 329

    militia, 609

    mourning ceremonies, 445

    name of, proposed, cvi

    parties and factions, 143, 146

    political conditions, l, 323

    political influence of, 208

    population, xxvi, liii–liv

    postal service, 24, 158, 161, 162, 172–73, 173, 177, 187–88, 190, 192

    predictions about, 513

    proprietors, landed, xcii–xciii

    public opinion on

    3rd Congress, 323

    Anglo-Spanish war, 140

    apportionment, 156

    assumption, 111

    federal government, 323

    GT’s tour of district, 153

    Indian wars, 210

    Jay Treaty, 356

    lawyers, lxiii

    Missouri Compromise, 523

    neutrality, 260, 338

    religion, lxiii–lxiv

    separation from Massachusetts, 193–94, 209

    slavery, 522

    ratification in, l–lii

    religion in, xliv, lxvi, 67

    Revolutionary War in, 612

    schools, 230

    seamen, merchant, 264

    separation from Massachusetts, xxxii, xxxiii, xlv, l, li, cv, cviii, 209

    GT’s opinion on, cv, 192–95, 197, 202

    social life, xxx, 27

    state legislators, xxxii, 209

    trade, lxiii, xcvii, 163, 231, 233, 338

    travel, 195–96

    weather, 24, 36, 108–09, 234, 244, 290, 338, 347, 396, 412, 442, 456, 464, 467, 471, 475, 478

    See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states

    Maine Bank (Portland), officers of, 598

    Maine congressional delegation, on Missouri Compromise, 522

    Maine constitutional convention (1819–20)

    adjournment, 521, 522

    delegates, 533, 596, 601, 606, 614

    GT’s speeches at, cvi–cvii, 35, 533–34

    proceedings, lxxv, cv–cviii

    Maine Historical Society, resources at, 457

    Maine statehood

    alternatives to, 522

    bill for, 521, 522

    movement for, 513, 548, 556–62 passim, 597

    Maine Supreme Judicial Court, chief justice of, 605

    Malcom, Samuel Bayard, 393, 394

    Mandeville, Bernard, “Fable of the Bees,” 488, 499

    Manhood (masculinity, manliness), 42

    behavior, lxxxv, 24, 77, 251, 361, 363–64, 382

    formation of, xxix, 298, 427

    “gallants,” 452

    qualities of, 206, 330, 399, 518

    Manichean System, 97

    Mankind

    “Human race,” 572

    supremacy over nature, 493

    Mann, James, relations with GT, xxi

    Manners, 167

    corruption of, 431, 569

    instruction in, 82, 83

    Mantua cloth, production of, 458

    Manufacturing

    cottage industries, xix, 458

    encouragement of, 131, 197, 563, 600

    investment in, 599

    political role of, 108

    threats to, 569

    See also names of places and products

    Maps and mapmakers, lxxxvii, 487, 592

    Marblehead, Massachusetts, 598, 599

    Marbury v. Madison, 312

    Marie Antoinette (France), 295

    portrait of, 256, 259

    Marietta, Ohio, lxxxix, 147

    Marine Corps, establishment of, lxx

    Marriage, xxv, 377

    characterized, xxviii, xxviii–xxix, 42, 114–15, 238, 297, 375

    legal status of, 252, 450

    social norms, 225, 451

    wives’ prerogatives in, 388, 447–48

    See also Courting and courtship; Husbands; Wives

    Marshall, John, 435, 468, 605. See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)

    Marshals, federal, 116, 206, 248, 323, 606

    Marshfield, Massachusetts, residents of, civ

    Marsten, Mr. (Philadelphia), as tavernkeeper, 238

    Martinique, West Indies, U.S. diplomats at, 281

    Martyrdom, 144, 145

    Maryland, 169, 477

    conditions, 463–64

    legislature, lxxx, 18, 19

    ratification convention, 29, 31

    seat of government, permanent, in, lviii

    See also names of towns; Southern states

    Maryland congressional delegation, role in

    assumption of state debts, lviii

    balloting for president (1801), 478

    Masons, ceremonies of, 454

    Massachusetts, 120, 608

    accounts with Union, 64–65

    American Revolution in, 65, 510–11

    Antifederalists in, li

    board of war, 608

    capitol (statehouse), 91, 525–26

    coastal towns, 58

    cobblers, 180

    colonial history, xix, xxiii, 180, 182–83, 330

    constitution, 22, 120, 526, 555, 593, 607

    bill of rights, 558, 559, 562

    provisions, 155, 156

    usurpation of, 556

    constitutional convention (1820–21), 524, 525–26, 606

    Continental Army line, xxx, 289, 465

    county conventions, xxxiii, xxxiv

    courts, xxxii, xc, 120, 161, 548, 556, 560, 595, 609, 610 (See also Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court)

    Democratic-Republicans in, xciii

    eastern interest, 120

    economy, lix, 486, 558

    elections, federal

    1st, 116, 120

    2nd, lxiii, 116, 119, 134–35, 159, 161

    7th, lxxxiv

    elections, presidential

    (1796), lxix

    (1800), 451–52

    elections, state, 106, 107, 597

    federal attorneys for, 172, 599, 605–06

    federal marshals for, 206

    Federalist essays circulated in, 22

    Federalists in, lxix, lxxiii, lxxx, xciii, 597

    fisheries, 115

    government officers, xlii, lxix, 96

    attorney general, xxvi, xxxi, 610

    executive council, xxxii, 465, 605, 609, 613–14, 614

    governor, xciii, 191, 209, 598, 600, 610

    lieutenant governor, 604, 607

    quality of, lxxxiii

    secretary of state, lvi

    solicitor general, xcii, 597

    state treasurer, 88

    holidays, civic, 208, 209, 330

    infrastructure, 161

    laws, 88, 125–26

    “blue,” 436

    election, xlii, lxviii, 159, 161

    judicial processes, 98, 99, 119, 120

    legislature (General Court), xxxiii, xlii, cv, 126

    addresses, 368, 369

    agenda, 173, 203

    Congress petitioned by, 206–207

    instructions to, 558

    legal reform by, 98, 99

    letters circulated within, 451–52

    Maine District delegation in, 523

    and Maine separation, 193–94, 197, 202, 209

    members of, xix, xxx, xxxiv, cxi, 91, 96, 99, 116, 176, 178, 189, 198, 465, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614

    petitions to, 151, 153, 195, 197, 556, 558, 560, 562

    prerogatives of, 559

    presidential electors elected by, lxix, 451–52

    senate, xciii, 336, 337

    on the Society of the Cincinnati, 562

    U.S. Senators elected by, 120, 234

    loan office, 321

    merchants, 394

    militia, xxxiv, xcii, 209, 210, 289, 465, 596, 610, 612

    deployment, xcii–xciii

    officers’ appointments, 155, 156

    newspapers, 46, 106

    parties and factions, 106, 107

    petitions from, 357

    political elite, xxxiii, xxxiv, 91

    political influence of, 14, 209

    political instability of, 99

    post roads, 173

    Provincial Congress, xxxiv

    public lands, 153, 202, 558

    public office in, eligibility for, cvii

    public opinion on

    anti-British legislation, 321

    Congress, 134, 510–11

    direct taxes, 321

    French Revolution, 235

    government expenses, 129

    John Stone petition, 160

    lawyers, 120

    Unitarianism, 341

    ratification convention

    amendments proposed by, 14, 161

    criticism of, 10

    debates, 17, 549, 581

    delegates to, xxxiv, 198, 594, 595, 598, 599, 600, 604, 605, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614

    election to, 7, 8

    GT’s influence in, li–lii, 21, 22

    leadership of, 603

    reports about, 22

    Society of the Cincinnati in, 557

    specie, value, 55

    state capital site, li, 209

    state debt, lviii, 202, 206–207

    weather, 534, 538, 540

    See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states

    Massachusetts Bay, British military operations in, 279

    Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), items printed in, 22, 47, 550

    Massachusetts congressional delegation

    attendance, 478

    Federalist strength in, liv, 329

    instructions to, 253

    letter to state legislature, 451–52

    opinion on

    government expenditures, 134, 135

    neutrality, 260–61

    quality of, lxxxiii, 135

    relations with George Washington, 368, 369

    role in

    assumption of state debts, 106, 107, 108

    Embargo of 1807, cii

    impost duties, lix

    recommendations for office, lxi

    Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94

    Tristram Dalton’s defeat, 119, 120

    size of, lxviii

    Massachusetts constitutional convention (1820–21), 525–26

    GT’s attendance at, 524, 525, 527

    Massachusetts Evangelical Society, cx

    Massachusetts Gazette (Boston), 550

    Massachusetts Historical Society, collections at, lxxxi–lxxxii

    Massachusetts Society for Suppressing Intemperance convention, 512, 513

    Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court

    circuit, 437, 486, 487, 512, 537, 551

    deliberations, 538

    GT’s eligibility for, 523–24

    GT’s manners on, 502

    GT’s retirement from, cviii–cix

    justices, 484, 485, 521, 526, 536, 606, 609

    justices’ salaries, civ, cix

    proceedings of, lxxvi, 512–13, 521, 523, 524, 526, 531, 540

    Reporter of Decisions of, 612

    resignation from, cxii, cxv

    service on, lxxxiv, xc, cx, cxiii

    Mathematics, xxi, 519, 520

    Mather, Cotton, xviii

    Maumee River Valley, 289, 314

    Mauritius (Isle de France), 348, 508

    Maxwell, Mr. (Boston?), visits with, 525

    May, Samuel Joseph, ordination of, 542

    McDowell, Joseph, in House debate, lxxii

    McFarland, James, in Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24

    McIntire, Lucy, 23

    McIntire, Margaret Hooper, 375

    McKessuk, Mr. (Matthew or Zebediah), employment of, 365, 371, 372, 377, 378, 391

    McLellan, Joseph, role in 2nd federal election, 146

    Meals

    arrangement of, 36

    banquets, 345

    breakfast, 34, 65, 153, 285, 462

    dinners, lxv, xci, 5, 9–10, 12, 26, 35, 36, 38, 41, 50, 59, 62, 63, 74, 148, 167, 225, 227, 232, 331, 366, 400–01, 435, 436, 461–62, 467, 470, 477, 538, 581

    manners at, 82, 83

    suppers, 368

    Mechanics, 235, 316, 412

    Medical conditions

    birthing, 415

    broken bones, 427

    color-blindness, 10

    deafness, 36, 360

    deformities, physical, 598

    insanity, 346, 347

    lunacy, 46

    obesity, 32–33

    pregnancy, 209, 244, 252, 348

    seasickness, 57

    teething, 83, 244

    vertigo, 324

    vision, 528

    See also Illnesses; Thatcher (Thacher), George, health

    Medical treatments, cxii

    access to, cviii

    emetics, 57, 59, 60

    expenses, 453

    lesions removed, 469

    mercury, 231

    nostrums, cxiv

    ointments, 154

    “physic,” 251

    restraints, 347

    stroking irons, 360, 369

    sulphur, 360

    thermometers, lxii

    vaccinations, 6

    See also Smallpox

    Medicine (physic)

    books about, lxii

    professorships in, 174, 175, 178

    Mediterranean Sea, naval operations in, 244

    Meetinghouses, construction of, lxvii

    Meigs, Return Jonathan Jr., as territorial judge, lxxxix

    Mellen, Prentiss, 339, 436, 437, 468, 473, 605

    correspondence with, 348, 374, 393, 418, 428, 471, 483

    courtship and marriage of, 237, 239, 325, 327

    financial transactions with, 402, 442, 471

    law office of, 595, 602

    on local social life, 231

    Mellen, Sarah Hudson, 239, 325, 327, 605

    Memory, impact of, 111–12

    Mendon, Massachusetts, residents of, 463

    Merchants, 81, 164, 196, 235, 248, 319

    interests, vs. lawyers’ interest, 231

    opinion on

    embargo, 409

    trade with Great Britain, 249, 280

    political role of, lix–lx, lxi, lxiii, lxviii, 94, 132, 212, 213, 274, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 296, 315–16, 355

    See also names of places

    Mercury (Boston), items printed in, 262, 288–89

    Merrell, Samuel, petition of, 425

    Metaphysics, John Adams discusses, xix

    Methodists, cxi, 149, 477, 549

    Miami Indians (Confederacy), hostilities with, 141, 165–66, 166

    Michaux, André, clandestine activities of, 266–67

    Middle East, books on, c

    Middle states, 464, 465, 470

    Middle states congressional delegation, influence of, 443

    Middlesex County, Massachusetts, courts in, 608

    Mifflin, Thomas, 243, 266

    Mifflin, Warner, 118, 581, 605

    correspondence with, 117, 582

    letters to, printed, 117

    petition of, 581

    Milan Decree (1807), cii

    Milford, Massachusetts, shopkeeper in, 465

    Military Establishment Act (1791), 149, 165

    Militia Act (1792), 155, 156, 170, 205, 206

    Militia Bill (1791), 145, 155, 170

    Militia duty, exemptions from, cvii, 35, 206, 533, 534

    Militias, state

    federalized, 140, 166, 206, 383, 389

    uniforms, 433

    See also names of states

    Milk, consumption of, 107

    Milledge, John, in 2nd federal election, 211

    Miller, Morris, speeches of, 510, 511

    Milliken, Capt., captured by Great Britain, 271

    Mills, lxvi, 197, 614

    Milton, John, Paradise Lost, ci, 518, 520

    Milton, Massachusetts, 416, 417, 607

    Minot, William Jr., xcii

    Mint, U.S., 160, 234, 449, 596, 600

    Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel, comte de, speeches of, 367

    Miracles, faith in, 134, 184, 490, 494

    Mirrors, purchase of, 419

    Misers, 25

    Missionaries, Christian, 502, 508

    Mississippi River

    military operations on, 272

    trade, 29, 266, 392

    Mississippi Territory, 583, 587

    government of, lxii, 30, 584–86

    Mississippi Territory Act (1798), House debate on, 584–86

    Mississippi, State of, formation of, 587

    Missouri Compromise, opposition to, 521–22, 523

    Mobile, Alabama, residents of, 611

    Mobs, 556, 562

    behavior, 333, 404, 426

    legal definition of, 557–58, 559, 560

    spread of, 561, 574

    in Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24

    Mohawk Indians, delegation from, 210

    Molasses, duty on, lix

    petitions relating to, lxi, 158

    Monarchy, 529

    characteristics of, xcvi, 356

    criticism of, 272, 316–17

    history of, 232, 567, 570

    Money, xli, 45, 55, 437, 453, 462. See also Coinage; Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah Savage, household finances

    Monroe, Elizabeth K., on Albert Gallatin, xcv

    Monroe, James, xcv, 374, 375, 413

    Monroe, Maine, lawyer in, 610

    Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, residents of, 240

    Monticello, Albemarle County, Virginia, 602

    letters addressed to, 540–43

    Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, 605

    Montreal, Canada, U.S. agents in, 282

    Monuments and public art, petitions for public support of, 159, 161

    Moody, Joseph, 391

    Moore, Benjamin, 50

    Moral philosophy, professorship in, 178

    Morality, private, xix, liii, 66, 82, 133, 196, 488, 499, 515, 519, 554

    development of, xxxix, lvii

    duties of, 3, 506, 507–508

    study of, 109–10, 111, 503–505, 513

    Morality, public, xix, lix, 94, 97, 143, 499

    GT’s speech on, lxxiv

    improvement of, li, 7, 582

    threats to, 99, 196, 560

    More, Hannah, 492, 500

    Morison, Samuel Eliot, quoted, 178, 583

    Morland, Sir Samuel, writings of, c

    Morrill, Joseph, xxx

    Morrill, Mary Jordan, xxx

    Morris, Gouverneur, as minister to France, 277

    Morris, Robert, 54, 55, 258

    Morse, Jedidiah, writings of, 339, 340

    Morton, Perez, conversations with, lxxviii

    Moses, teachings of, 494

    Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von, writings of, 509

    Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia, 435, 445, 470

    Mourning, manners of, 445–46, 454

    Moustier, Eleanor-François-Elie, comte de, 60

    Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus, as Speaker, 237, 238, 240

    Murder, crime of, 383, 384, 387, 388

    Murray, John, 488, 500

    Murray, Judith Sargent, 500

    Murray, William Vans, as peace commissioner to France, lxxix–lxxx, 456

    Music and musical instruments

    educational role of, 458

    love of, 35

    musicians, xxxi, 363–64

    organs, 333, 335

    on public occasions, 85, 86, 368

    trumpets, 367

    violins, 441, 442

    Mysticism, 242

    Mythology, xix, 126, 148

    · N ·

    Nabobs, characterization as, 467

    Nancy (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271

    Nantucket, Massachusetts, fishermen of, lxxv

    Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, in War of First Coalition, 229, 353

    Napoleon (Bonaparte), ci, 509, 593

    characterized, 450–51

    impact on French Revolution, xcvi

    military campaigns of, 394, 410, 439, 440

    rise of, 161, 255, 400, 450

    Nason, Elizabeth (Dillingham), correspondence with, 299

    Nasson, Samuel, 22, 605

    correspondence with, cxvi, 91, 337

    on ratification, lii

    relations with, li, 22, 336

    on religious qualifications for office, lxiv

    National character, lxxiv, 19, 97, 424

    National dignity, 8

    National Gazette (Philadelphia), item printed in, 197

    National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), items printed in, xcviii, 481, 511

    Nationalism, 424

    Naturalization Act (1798), lxx

    Naturalization Bill (1794), motions on, 582

    Naturalization, certification of, lxxiii

    Nature

    beauty of, 1, 98

    divinity of, 497, 546–47

    in GT’s writings, lxxxvi–lxxxvii

    lessons from (“book of”), 496, 508, 546

    Naval Armament Act (1794), 246, 247, 254, 255, 267, 270, 272, 276, 277, 291

    Naval stores, export of, 281

    Navigation, study of, 489

    Navy, U.S., lxi, 270, 412

    expansion of, lxix, lxx, lxxix

    House resolutions on, 246, 247, 254, 255

    opposition to, 294, 311

    support for, xcvii, 245, 291

    See also names of ships

    Neal, Daniel, writings of, c

    Neal, Stephen, 533

    Nelson, Horatio, 440

    Netherlands, The (Batavian Republic; Holland), lxxv, 401, 402, 424, 499

    diplomatic relations of, 270, 337, 352, 593

    government, 86, 108

    Neutrality

    armed, 284, 409

    need for, 261, 274, 282, 283, 433

    rights of

    British respect for, 278, 295, 300, 301, 316

    clarification of, lxviii

    compliance with, 279, 285, 299

    violation of, 261, 281, 293, 313, 409, 410

    Neutrality Proclamation (1793), 189, 242, 266

    Neutrality Proclamation (1794), 267

    Neville, Edward, marriage of, 239

    Neville, James, 323

    New England congressional delegations, 239

    caucusing among, 240, 411, 478

    partisan orientation of, 356

    role in

    balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv

    Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204

    discrimination among public creditors, 99

    seat of government, 126

    New England states (Eastern states), 30, 126, 142, 245, 276

    economic conditions, 588

    exceptionalism of, 587

    federalism in, liv, lxxvi

    history of, xxvi, ciii–civ, 158, 542

    interests, lxxvi

    political influence of, lxxvi, xcviii

    population, 66, 123, 468

    praise for, 435

    public opinion on neutrality, 253, 260–61

    residents characterized, 472

    tourists to, 342, 344

    tyrannized by federal government, 511

    weather, xxviii

    “New England System” of government administration, 356, 357

    New Gloucester, Maine

    lawyers in, 230, 613, 614

    letter addressed to, 91

    New Hampshire, xxiv, 45, 529, 604, 605, 614

    annexation of York County, Me., 208, 209

    election, presidential (1796), lxix

    militia, 186, 605

    ratification convention, 28, 30, 604

    state officials, 186, 529, 614

    See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states

    New Hampshire congressional delegation, role in

    assumption of state debts, 106

    post roads, 164

    New Haven, Connecticut

    residents of, 180, 181, 182, 183

    travel to and from, cxiv, 27, 33, 57, 60, 223

    yellow fever epidemic, 325

    New Ipswich, New Hampshire, clergy of, 537

    New Jersey, 31, 169

    legislature, 372, 451

    seat of government in, 51, 108

    See also Middle states; names of towns

    New Orleans, Louisiana, lxxvi, 266

    New Testament, 148

    apocryphal writings, 530, 532

    authority of, 186, 493, 494–95, 498, 501

    historical context of, 239, 486, 487, 492, 497

    Joseph Priestley’s lost commentaries on, 217, 218, 219, 220

    New York City, 25, 86, 223, 315–16, 611

    in American Revolution, 62, 63, 86

    boardinghouses, 10, 11, 56, 239

    books published in, 182

    bookstores, 38, 55, 136, 165, 183, 367

    business standards, 101

    churches, 35, 48, 49, 50, 178

    comparisons to, 71, 198

    description, 58–59, 61, 62

    diplomats at, 11, 35, 36, 50

    federal laws published at, 188

    fires in, lxxxvi

    government, municipal, 42, 52, 86

    labor force, 9, 53

    lawyers, 595, 600, 601

    letters addressed to, 11–12, 13–15

    letters written from, 4–27, 34–63, 71–138 passim

    mail delivery, 10, 13, 24, 41, 54, 81, 83, 86, 96

    merchants, 30, 86, 234, 279

    and Embargo (1794), 315–16

    news reports from, 300, 303

    newspapers, 8, 9, 71, 97

    pastimes, 79

    places and neighborhoods, 58

    Battery, 84

    Bowling Green, 54, 86

    Ft. George, 84, 86

    Fraunces’s Tavern, 249

    St. George’s Square, 85

    prices, 10, 55, 178, 198, 237, 254

    public health, 5

    reception of George Washington, 83–85

    as seat of government, temporary, 37, 44, 51, 72, 86

    social life, 26, 27, 198 (See also “Republican Court”)

    trade, xli, 61

    travel to and from, 33, 178, 183, 223, 237, 326, 461

    weather, 12, 53, 62, 108–09

    women, 27

    See also Federal Hall (City Hall)

    New York Daily Gazette (NYC), 272

    New York Journal (NYC), items printed in, 22

    New York Packet (NYC), items printed in, 22

    New York Society Library, c, 105

    New York State, xxv, 53, 55, 84, 210, 240

    1st federal election in, 72

    congressional districts, 415

    legislature, 18, 19, 72–73, 91, 451

    parties and factions, 72, 86

    ratification convention, 14, 600

    state officials, 83, 84, 86, 595, 601, 602, 603

    See also Middle states; names of towns

    New York Yearly Meeting of Friends (Quakers), petition of, 118, 581

    Newburyport Herald (Mass.), items printed in, cxii, cxiv–cxv

    Newburyport, Massachusetts, 189

    GT’s residence in, cix, cx, 526, 534

    lawyers, 543, 603, 612

    letters addressed to, 524–28, 532–33, 536–40

    letters written from, 529–31, 534–35, 540–43

    merchants, 172, 525, 596

    news reports from, 438, 439, 440

    residents of, 189, 216, 234, 327, 347, 539, 543, 598, 611, 612, 614

    revenue collection at, 172, 205, 206, 612

    travel to and from, 65, 461, 474, 525

    News, spread of, xlviii–xlix

    Newspapers, 413, 487

    advertisements, 71

    avoidance of, xcv, 517, 522

    circular letters in, 264

    circulation, 196

    correspondents referred to, 240, 241, 246, 247, 249, 265, 269, 274, 275, 276, 280, 304

    coverage of Congress by, xciv, 115, 134, 259–60, 311, 357, 383

    forwarded to correspondents, 227

    GT’s collection of, 360

    GT’s reading of, 361, 397

    importance of, xlv, xciv

    leaks to, lxxi, lxxiii, 282

    political role of, lv, xciv, 55, 97, 304, 328, 402, 510

    provided to members of Congress, 136

    reliability of, 46, 310

    See also names of cities; newspapers

    Newton, John, writings of, 492, 500

    Newton, Mary Catlett, 500

    Newton, Massachusetts, residents of, 598

    Newton, Sir Isaac, books on, ci

    Nicholas, John

    criticism of, 413, 439

    in House debates, lxxiv, 413, 417, 585

    Nicholson, Joseph H., role in balloting for president (1801), 477

    Nicknames, xxxiv, 24, 26, 43

    Nonesuch River, Maine, 81

    Nootka Sound, Canada, hostilities in, 141

    Norfolk County, Massachusetts, courts at, 607

    Norfolk, Virginia, lxx, lxxxvi, 254, 255

    North American Review (Boston), 519

    North Carolina, 595

    congressional districts, liv

    economic sanctions against, 46

    paper money, 45

    public opinion on augmentation of army, 191

    ratification in, 30, 45, 46, 344

    slavery in, 398, 583

    See also names of towns; Southern states

    North Carolina (ship), 84

    North Carolina congressional delegation, 106, 107

    North Sea, British control of, 402

    North Yarmouth, Maine, proposed college at, 173, 175–76

    North, Frederick, Lord, 510–11, 512

    Northampton, Massachusetts, 183, 536, 538, 540

    Northern states

    duelling in, 380–81

    Federalists in, lxxxiv

    interests, lxxvi

    legislatures’ rejection of Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 578

    political influence of, li, 108

    population growth, 123

    tax burden on, lix

    trade, 510

    Northern states congressional delegations

    on convening federal government, 64

    on government salaries, 92

    influence of, 443

    Northfield, Massachusetts, residents of, 610

    Northumberland, Pennsylvania, residents of, lxxxi, 342, 344, 607

    Northwest Ordinance (1787), provisions of, 584

    Northwest Territory

    British posts held in, 241, 242, 329, 399

    government of, lxxxix, 30, 165

    hostilities in, 140, 147, 165–66, 167–69, 265, 267, 313, 317, 324

    officeholders, lxxvii

    public lands, 28, 31, 64–65, 66, 160

    roads, 287

    Norwich, Connecticut, lawyers in, 150, 599

    Nottingham, New Hampshire, lawyer in, 607

    Nova Scotia, 81

    Novels, 55–56, 474, 492, 501, 602

    impost on, 136, 182

    · O ·

    O’Bryen, Richard, published letter from, 270, 272

    O’Fallon, James, 266

    Oaths and affirmations, cvii, 582

    Ockley, Simon, writings of, c

    Office holding

    dual, legal challenges to, 609

    rotation of, lxiii, 16

    See also Public service

    Ohio Company, 30, 31

    Ohio River Valley

    hostilities in, 210, 263

    letters written from, 374

    navigation through, 29

    settlement in, lxxvi, lxxvi–lxxvii

    Old Age, 252, 361, 524

    burdens of, 404, 525, 532

    characterized, 112, 113, 358, 535, 542

    eccentricities of, 11–12, 448

    effects of, cviii, 467, 572

    prerogatives of, 23, 116

    Old American Company, performances of, 27

    Old Testament, authority of, 494–95, 508

    One Thousand and One Nights, 518, 520

    Oneida Indians, delegation from, 210

    Onondaga Indians, delegation from, 210

    Ontario (Upper Canada), government of, 312, 314

    Oracle of the Day (Portsmouth, N.H.), item printed in, lxxvii

    Orange County, Virginia, planters of, 604

    Orchards, 63, 85, 317, 524

    Original Sin, doctrine of, cii, 3–4, 183, 490, 491–92, 536

    corrupting influence of, 57, 515, 518

    rejection of, 133, 184, 185, 217, 494, 543

    Orphans, xxviii, xxix, xlv, 335, 603

    Orr, Benjamin, on GT, xci

    Osgood, Joshua B., 27, 69, 327

    Osgood, Samuel, properties of, 85–86

    Ossipee Mountains, New Hampshire, 377

    Otis, Elizabeth Gray, news shared by, 11

    Otis, Harrison Gray, 605–06

    and antislavery agitation, 583, 584–85

    characterized, lxxxiii, 583

    leadership of, xlvi, lxxvi, lxxxiii, xciii, xciv, xcviii

    petitions submitted by, 417

    praise for, 587

    relations with, lxxii, 419

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    Otis, Joseph, appointment of, 116

    Otis, Sally Foster, 419, 472, 606

    Otis, Samuel Allyne, 605, 606

    characterized, 56

    in Confederation Congress, xxxiv, xxxv

    correspondence with, 41

    relations with, 10, 11

    Ottoman Empire (Turkey), lxxxiii, c, 228, 245, 425

    Oxford University, attenders of, 520, 606

    Oxnard, Thomas, xcix, 215, 216

    · P ·

    Pacific Northwest, cvi

    Pacifism, cvii, 169, 533–34

    Paganism, lxiv, 110, 185, 219, 239, 351

    Page, John, role in ratification, 22

    Paine, Robert Treat, as state judge, xc

    Paine, Thomas, 105, 509, 541

    religion of, 387, 503

    writings of, c–ci, 230

    Paint merchants, 347

    Painting, wall, 36, 296, 297

    Paintings, historical, 368

    Palmer, Elihu, 344

    Pamphlets, xliv, 118, 353, 424. See Books and pamphlets; Thacher’s Tracts

    Panoplist (Boston), items printed in, 520

    Paper and paper products

    manufacturing of, 131

    tax on, 136, 289

    Parenting, 74, 82, 221, 420–21, 447

    breast-feeding, 452

    duties of, 46, 65–66, 73, 75–77, 297

    fatherhood, xxxvii, 26, 387

    habits, 127, 129, 134

    See also Childrearing

    Paris, France, lxxi, 186, 238

    Park (Parke), Matthew

    correspondence with, 337

    mercantile activities of, 223, 224, 231, 233, 244

    Parker, Ann Brooks, birth of, 416

    Parker, Isaac, 606

    as chief justice, 437, 536

    as congressman, lxxvii, 398, 415

    correspondence with, 453, 478

    on GT’s health, cxiv

    relations with, 537, 538

    relations with TBW, 522–23

    Parker, Joseph, land speculation by, 31

    Parker, Josiah, lxxxiv, 255, 581, 606

    resolutions forwarded to, 309, 310, 312, 321

    Parker, Rebecca Hall, 415, 453, 537, 606

    Parker, Samuel, writings of, c

    Parkersburg, West Virginia, lxxvii

    Parrish, John Jr., lobbying by, 118

    Parsons, Theophilus, xc–xci

    law students of, 327, 603, 612

    Parties and factions, xxiii, 13, 125, 235, 339, 354, 399

    criticism of, xcvii, 200

    effects of, 231, 312, 356

    motives of, 10, 140

    pro-French, 241, 384, 425, 426, 427, 428

    religious, 144, 506

    spirit of, 321, 336, 541, 574–75

    See also American Revolution; Democratic-Republicans; Federalists; House of Representatives, U.S.; names of places, individual Congresses

    Partridge, George, 115, 116, 150

    Passamaquoddy, Maine, post office at, 165

    Passion, excesses of, 547, 553

    Pastimes (shooting), 113

    Patent Board, deliberations of, 157, 160, 167, 169

    Patent protection, 150

    applications for, lxii, 136, 160

    procedures, 157, 169

    Patents Act (1790), 136, 160

    Patriotism, xxiii, xxxiv–xxxv, lxv, 302, 402

    questioned, 35, 312, 320, 339

    Patterson, Mr. (Saco, Me.), money owed by, 298

    Peabody, Nathaniel, 183, 186, 186

    Peabody, Stephen, xliv

    Peace Society of Massachusetts, membership in, 533

    Pearsall, Thomas, 85

    Peggy (ship), 281

    Peirson (Pierson), George, 373, 457, 606

    business relations with, lxxxix, 189, 339, 365, 442

    correspondence with, 187, 189, 259, 307, 329–30, 468–69

    letters to, printed, 244–45, 259–62, 282–84, 301–03, 303–05

    Peirson, Samuel (ca. 1759–1852; Biddeford, Me.), and Unitarian movement, cxi

    Pemberton, Henry, writings of, ci

    Pemberton, James, correspondence with, 118

    Pemberton, John, lobbying by, 118

    Pennsylvania, lxii, 126, 169, 210, 240

    1st federal election in, 54

    American Revolution in, 245

    demographics, 240

    federal marshal, 323

    government

    legislature, 367

    senate speaker, 436

    state legislators, 245

    supreme executive council, 18, 19, 54, 55

    interest groups, 54

    laws, anti-duelling, 387

    militia, 141, 165, 312–13, 368, 436

    parties and factions, 240, 451

    ratification in, 31, 387

    revenue collection in, 158

    in sectional balance, 108

    Society of the Cincinnati chapter, 368

    western, 169

    farmers in, 323

    public opinion in, 328, 329

    See also Middle states; names of towns

    Pennsylvania Abolition Society, petition from, 118

    Pennsylvania congressional delegation, intrigues among, 108, 123, 240

    Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), 322, 357

    Pennsylvania, University of, faculty at, 175

    Penobscot River Valley, Maine, xxvi, 153, 177

    Penobscot, Maine, lxi, 270, 415

    mail delivery to, 162, 170, 173, 188, 192, 196

    travel to and from, 27, 483

    Pensions, invalid

    list, 252, 254, 270, 277, 321, 322

    report on, 248

    See also Invalid Pensions Acts

    Pensions, military, lxi

    Pepperell, Sir William, estate of, 161

    Perjury, legal sanctions against, 554

    Perkins, Elisha, metallic tractor of, 360

    Peterborough, New Hampshire, lawyer at, 529

    Petersburg, Virginia, lawyer at, 599

    Petersham, Massachusetts, lawyer at, xxxiv

    Petite Démocrate (French privateer), 266

    Petitions and petitioning

    House procedures, lx, lxi, 107, 160, 355, 357, 589–90

    importance of, lx

    right of, lxx–lxxi, 583, 588

    See also names of petitioners

    Philadelphia, 188, 279, 346, 360, 367, 583

    auctions, 221, 397

    black population in, 333, 584

    boardinghouses and residences, lxxxvii, 150, 325, 529

    bookstores, 183

    centrality of, 108

    churches, lxv, 342

    Baptist, 344

    Christ Church, 444

    Episcopalian, 344, 398

    independent, 344

    Lutheran, 445

    St. Paul’s, 149

    Unitarian, 342, 344

    Universalist, 341, 343, 350

    Zion Lutheran, 332–34, 335

    comparisons with, 71, 197, 198, 455

    consumption of goods, 245

    diplomats at, 243, 258, 259, 361, 367

    economy, xli, 61, 71, 238, 304, 321

    elite, 350, 365, 396

    environmental conditions, 391

    fires in, lxxxvi, 332–34, 362–63, 405, 418, 444, 445

    immigration to, 344, 480

    Jacobins, 426

    letters addressed to, 322–23, 338

    letters written from, 138–460 passim

    mail delivery at, 141, 232, 234, 272, 276, 279, 330, 332, 462

    manners, 367

    militia, 367, 433

    mob activity at, 275–76

    newspapers, books, and pamphlets, 71, 97, 229, 241, 242, 266, 306, 309, 311, 391, 417, 424

    occupations

    bankers, 245

    clergy, ciii, 136, 148, 341, 350, 364

    lawyers, 266, 299, 372

    merchants, 54, 55, 149, 224, 244, 245, 252, 277, 279, 285, 288, 296, 302, 321, 365, 596, 599

    physicians, 175, 243, 246, 251, 449

    tailors, 243

    places and neighborhoods

    City Tavern, 238, 239, 347

    Dock Street, 156

    Library Company, 146, 362

    Oeller’s Hotel, 161, 345, 346, 347, 444

    Pennsylvania Hospital, 347

    prison, 242

    Ricketts’s Circus, 345, 346, 347, 366, 367–68, 444

    theaters, 450

    police, 426

    post office, 454

    schedule, 225, 296, 396, 438

    prices, 165, 178, 198, 223, 234, 243–44, 245, 302, 447

    housing, 324, 325, 327

    public ceremonies, 445

    public health, 238, 239, 243

    public opinion on

    Adams, John, 426

    Anglo-Spanish war, 140

    Priestley, Joseph, 341, 350

    relations with France, 365, 416, 433

    as seat of government, cxii, 37, 239, 323

    permanent, 125, 126

    temporary, lviii, 45, 51, 86, 108

    size, lxxxix

    social life, 198, 232, 399 (See also “Republican Court”)

    church attendance, 148–49

    holidays, 243

    lectures, lxxxi, 364

    teas, 455

    Washington’s birthday, 366, 367–68

    as state capital, 54

    visitors to, 322–23, 338

    weather, cxii, 147–48, 198, 231, 234, 243, 246, 334, 337, 339, 347, 361, 363, 371, 391, 393, 394, 395, 397, 400, 405, 414, 418, 430, 435, 442, 447, 454, 456

    yellow fever at, lxxviii, 238, 239, 240, 241–42, 243, 324–25, 326, 394, 421, 442, 443

    See also Congress Hall; Independence Hall

    Philadelphia Gazette, items printed in, 382–87, 389, 450, 588

    Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends (Quakers), petitions from, 118, 398, 581

    Philanthropy, 590

    Phillips Academy (Exeter, N.H.), 326

    Phillips, Samuel Jr., xxxiv, 452

    Philosophers, 40, 82, 97, 152, 607

    Philosophy, xlix, 3

    discussions about, xix, 488

    study of, c, 290, 489, 503, 546

    Physicians

    agnosticism of, 499

    consultations with, 5, 57, 251, 468

    optometrists, lxii

    Pichegru, Charles, 337

    Pichon, Louis André, lxxix

    Pickering, Timothy, 340

    GT consults with, as postmaster general, 158, 160, 162, 163

    and Indian relations, 210–11, 239, 324

    nominees recommended to, 608

    as quartermaster general, 255, 267, 288, 289, 322

    Pierce, Daniel, recommendation for, 439

    Pierce, William, on Roger Sherman, 182

    Pierpont, John, sermons of, 542, 543

    Pierse, Long, 604

    Piety, respect for, 6

    Pike, Mr., money owed to, 453

    Pilgrim Society, 529

    Pilmore, Joseph, sermon by, 149–50

    Pilot (Boston), item printed in, 508

    Pilots, harbor, militia exemptions for, 206

    Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795), 584

    Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 606–07

    diplomatic career, lxix, 374, 394–95, 410, 411, 429

    as presidential candidate, 468, 476

    toast coined by, 436

    See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)

    Pinckney, Thomas, 242, 243, 286, 607

    Pipon, John, 358

    Piracy, measures against, 417. See also Algerine pirates

    Pitcairn, Joseph, diplomatic career of, lxxix

    Pitt, William, “the Younger,” 141, 281

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, lxxiv, 169, 324

    Pius VII (Pope), 509

    Plaster of Paris, purchase of, 456

    Plays. See names of plays

    Plays (books), ci

    impost on, 136, 182

    Playwrights, 500

    Pliny the Elder, Natural History, ci

    Plutarch, 127

    Plymouth Colony, civ

    Plymouth, Massachusetts, 528, 529, 612

    courts at, 526, 531, 551

    travel to and from, 527

    Plymouth, North Carolina, 532, 533

    Poetry, ci, 47, 407, 499, 520

    Poets, 500

    Poland, ci, 337

    Political clubs, xlii, 16. See also Democratic Societies

    Political economy, 499, 596

    Political knowledge, post office diffuses, 164

    Political theory, xlvii, c, 145

    “Politicians,” 51, 103, 135

    characterized, l, liii, lix–lx, 65, 110, 111

    identification as, xli, lxxvi, 41, 120, 199, 271, 286

    Politics, xix

    characterized, xlix, lxiii

    GT’s withdrawal from, 522, 550

    study of, lix, 109–10, 111

    Polytheism, 494, 498

    Popularity, disregard for, lii–liii, 90, 133, 493

    Population, U.S., 7, 123, 127

    Porcupine’s Gazette (Philadelphia), xcv, 426

    on Benjamin Franklin Bache, lxxi

    GT’s reading of, xciv, 401, 402

    items printed in, 403

    Porter, Aaron, xlii, 226, 607

    accounts with, 445, 453

    treatments by, 469, 470

    Porter, Benjamin Jones, marriage of, 167, 607

    Porter, Elizabeth (Betsy) King, xxx, cvi, 27, 609

    marriage of, 167, 607

    relations with SST, xxviii, 42

    Porter, Experience, sermons by, 536, 537

    Porter, Jane, writings of, ci

    Porter, Paulina King, marriage of, 607

    Portland (Falmouth), Maine, xxxi, lxxv, 212, 216, 596, 600

    3rd federal election in, lxviii, 230

    bookstores, 230, 598, 613

    churches, xliv, lxvi, 144–45, 146, 216, 550, 598, 612

    college proposed at, 151, 173–77

    courts, 59, 93, 512, 513

    economy of, xxvi

    education in, 137, 178, 359, 458, 459, 598

    GT’s opinion on, cix

    lawyers, cvi, 236, 597, 602, 605, 613

    letter from constituents in, 139

    letters addressed to, 141–43, 244–45, 248–49, 271–72, 273–75, 276–77

    letters written from, 214–15, 236

    Library Society, lxii, 163, 165

    merchants of, lix–lx, lxi, lxviii, 212, 213, 216, 279, 282, 596, 598, 606, 611, 612–13

    military defense of, 265, 270, 272

    news from, xlix, 279

    newspapers, 195, 233, 263, 331, 374, 598 (See also names of newspapers)

    parties and factions in, 139

    petitions from

    to Congress, lx, lxi, 211

    to state legislature, 195

    political influence of, lxviii

    popular conventions at, 556, 559, 560–61, 562

    portraitists, 539

    post office, 162, 163, 164, 165, 170, 190, 483, 598

    public opinion on

    embargoes, 284, 319

    GT, 388

    Maine statehood, 600

    trade, 259, 262, 263

    purchases in, 442

    residents of, cii, 289, 322, 377, 457, 594, 596, 597, 598, 600, 601, 602, 606, 607, 611, 612–13, 613

    revenue collection at, lxii, 90

    Revolutionary War in, 165

    social life at, xxxi, 80, 452, 453, 455

    state constitutional convention at, cv

    statehood conventions in, xxxiii, 202, 597

    town meetings, 197, 252–53, 255, 597

    trade, 94, 162, 163, 189, 196, 271, 279, 304, 457

    travel to and from, 374, 427, 437, 469

    Unitarian movement in, xcix, ciii, 213, 222

    Portland Gazette (Me.), items printed in, 549, 577

    Portland Head Lighthouse, Maine, 213

    keeper’s pay, petition on, 211–12

    Portraiture, 4, 128, 168, 448, 539

    official, use of, 259

    Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 96, 209, 605, 609, 610

    letters addressed to, 534–35

    merchants of, 149, 472, 535, 594, 604

    post office, 158, 173, 192

    travel to and from, 28, 65, 228, 532, 534

    Portsmouth, Virginia, petition from, lxx

    Portugal, 416

    diplomacy of, 29, 31, 229, 245, 353

    trade with, 270, 288

    Post Office

    commercial role of, 164, 196

    Confederation establishment, 165, 173, 178

    contracts, 161–62

    employees, militia exemptions for, 206

    extension of, 172–73

    political role of, 163–64, 165, 172, 196

    revenue from, 164, 173, 192

    See also Mail delivery; names of places; Post roads

    Post Office Bills (1790 and 1791), GT’s role in, 162

    Post roads, 160

    House action on, 164, 165

    See also names of places

    Postal Service Act (1792)

    GT’s role in, 170, 190, 196

    House debate on, 162–63

    predictions about, 161

    provisions, 173, 177–78

    Postmaster General, 165, 303. See also Pickering, Timothy

    Potatoes, xvii, 106–107

    Potomac River, as seat of government site, lviii, 108, 118, 123, 127

    Power, inherent abuse of, 8

    Preaching

    evangelical, avoidance of, 517

    quality of, 237, 515

    styles of, 49–50, 114, 122, 148, 149–50, 239, 353

    Precedents, 560

    rejection of, lv, lxi, cviii, 465, 567, 570

    Prejudices, persistence of, 99, 546

    Prentiss, Mary Scollay, relations with SST, xxvii, xxviii

    Presbyterian Church, xlvii, lxxiii, ciii, 344, 509

    President of the Senate, 91, 445

    President of the U.S., 126, 605

    candidates for, 603, 607

    communications with Congress, 140

    as “First Magistrate,” 574

    impeachment of, 306

    leadership of, 209–10

    powers, 317, 450

    commander in chief, 140, 169, 206, 313

    contraction of, 354

    domestic insurrection, 323

    embargo, 271, 277, 304, 317

    foreign affairs, 301, 313, 353, 404, 413

    negotiate reparations, 279

    official holidays, 426–27

    punishment of crimes, 98

    treaties, 356, 338

    usurpation of, 576–77

    protocol, lv

    residence, official, 86

    salary, 94 (See also Salaries-Executive Act [1789])

    signs act, 91

    titles for, lv, lvi

    See also Adams, John; Jefferson, Thomas; Madison, James; Washington, George

    Presidential Electors, lxix, 231, 614

    Presque Isle (Erie, Pennsylvania), U.S. occupation of, 312–13, 314

    Press, freedom of the, xciv, 148

    Price, Richard, 217–18, 219, 220

    Pride, harm from, 46, 297

    Priestley, Joseph, 607

    characterized, 351

    correspondence with, lxxxi, lxxxii–lxxxiii, xc, 218, 220–21, 344, 398

    immigration of, 344, 365

    and John Adams, lxxx–lxxxi, lxxxiii

    lectures by, 364, 365

    letters to, printed, 216–18

    politics of, lxxx–lxxxiii, xciv, 485

    religion and ministry of, lxvi–lxvii, 216, 217–18, 220, 341, 343, 344, 349–50, 351, 353, 362, 438, 499, 500, 541

    scientific interests, xxi, lxxxii

    social relations with, 342, 350, 363

    travels of, 342

    writings, xlvi, lxxxii, lxxxv, 32, 121, 186, 218, 219, 220, 221, 351, 493, 501, 567, 570

    Priestley, Joseph Jr., lxxxi, 365

    Prince, John, xxi

    Prince, William, 63

    Princeton University (College of New Jersey), 183

    attenders, 164, 183, 272, 300, 449, 477, 595, 598, 604

    Printers, lxxxii, 131, 132, 235, 486

    petitions from, 131, 136

    Printing, encouragement of, 131–32, 136

    Prisoners of war

    in Europe, 337, 351

    by Indians, 147, 289

    in Revolutionary War, 62, 63

    Privateers, lxx, xcvii, 270, 282, 610

    British, 278, 281, 295

    GT’s service on, xxii–xxiii

    Prize ships, xxiii, 242, 281, 409

    Profanity, legal sanctions against, 554

    Progress, belief in, 87, 129, 130

    Prophecy

    assurance in, 117, 352

    skepticism about, lxxxv, 123, 242, 417

    Prosperity, decline of, 94

    Protestantism

    anti-Catholic, lxv, 110

    Reformation, c, 105, 228, 230, 498, 506, 509

    Proverbs, maxims, and folk sayings, 54, 99, 182, 200, 234, 320, 405, 415, 475, 561, 570, 574

    Providence, divine, 52, 426–27, 495, 496, 497, 587

    Providence, Rhode Island, 224, 593

    travel to and from, 27, 57, 60

    Provoost, Samuel, 50

    Prussia, in War of the First Coalition, 229, 281, 313–14, 316, 321, 322, 336–37, 353

    Pseudonyms, newspaper

    “A New Light,” 548

    “Brutus,” 8

    “Decius,” 266

    “Elector,” 235, 236

    “I.O.,” 552, 553

    “No Jacobin,” 266

    “Numa,” lxxvii

    “One of the People,” disputed authorship of, 550

    “Reformer,” 555

    “Senex,” 548, 562

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, writings, newspaper

    Public credit, 98, 101–104, 105, 292

    Public creditors

    discrimination among, 98–99, 169, 578

    federal, expectations of, 97

    state, political role of, lviii

    See also Speculators, securities

    Public opinion

    canvassing of, 571–72

    faith in, 263, 311

    force of, 105–106, 429

    need to inform, 241

    political role of, 576–77

    Public service, 290

    gendered, 80

    GT’s indifference towards, xxvii, 68, 71–72, 129, 137, 143, 177, 226, 331

    motives for

    financial, lxxxix, 25, 26, 92, 94, 226

    honor, 66, 139, 226

    qualifications for, lxiii, 93, 212

    political, xcvi

    religious, liii, lxiii–lxv, cvii, 67–68, 133, 563–73 passim

    sacrifices for, xxviii, xxxvi, xl, cxii, 26, 27, 41, 66, 154, 224, 348, 420, 478

    “Publius.” See Federalist essays

    Puducherry (Pondicherry), India, siege of (1793), 254, 255

    Punishment and correction

    of children, 74, 95, 479

    forms of, 102, 109, 169

    Punishment of Crimes Act (1790), 98, 107, 109

    Punishment, eternal (damnation), xxxvii, lxxvii, 148, 341, 342, 390, 488, 536, 545, 553

    Puritanism, c, 498, 509

    Putnam, Rufus, on Harmar’s Expedition, 149

    Pythagoras of Samos, 519

    · Q ·

    Quakers (Friends), 149, 549, 605

    beliefs, lxxxii, cvii, 158, 506, 509

    civil rights of, 583

    persecution of, 130

    petitions of, 117–18, 169, 397, 398, 581, 583, 593

    political role of, 86, 107

    praise for, 35, 85, 591

    worship described, 34–35

    Quartermaster General, on John Hobby claim, 255, 267, 288, 289, 322

    Quasi-War with France, xlix

    diplomatic maneuvers during, lxxviii–lxxx

    military actions, 455, 456, 613

    mobilization for, 289, 439

    Quincy, Josiah III, Federalist leadership of, xciii

    Quincy, Massachusetts, 239, 394, 526, 593

    · R ·

    Raleigh, Sir Walter, writings of, c

    Rand, Benjamin, army commission for, 321, 322

    Randall, Thomas, 84, 86

    Randolph, Edmund

    as attorney general

    GT consults with, on patent claim, 157

    report on Judiciary Act of 1789, 191

    characterized, 290

    as secretary of state, 294

    diplomatic duties of, 258, 266, 277, 300, 313, 315

    misconduct of, 339, 340, 391, 392, 413

    Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 449, 450, 512

    Ranters (sect), 148, 149

    Ratification of the Constitution, liii–liv, 7, 110, 578

    debate on, 8, 570

    GT’s role in, li–lii

    impact on Maine statehood, li

    prospects of, 29, 31

    See also names of states

    Rawdon-Hastings, Francis Edward, Earl of Moira, 269, 272

    Rawson, Desire Thacher, 187

    Rawson, Jonathan, 607

    letter to, printed, 183–86

    Raymond, Daniel, writings of, 531, 532

    Read, Nathan, lxii, 452, 463, 465

    Reading, 95, 458, 512

    emotional effects of, 47, 56, 221, 226, 232, 351, 362, 366

    habits, lxxxii, lxxxix, xciii–xciv, cii, 9, 12, 32, 38, 46, 72, 78–79, 87, 120–21, 122, 151, 231, 361, 397, 401, 444, 474, 502, 517, 522

    instruction in, xx, 73

    methods, 308

    See also Books and pamphlets; Newspapers; Thacher’s Tracts

    Reading, Massachusetts, residents, 601

    Reason, 129, 542, 555

    benefits of, 2–3, 130, 341, 517–18

    Rebirth (conversion; regeneration; second birth), 495–96, 497, 499, 531, 543, 605

    Records Act (1790), provisions of, 136

    Records, public, access to, 157

    Redick, David, in Whiskey Rebellion, 329

    Reed, John, signatory to circular letter, 452

    Reid, Thomas, 217, 219

    Religion

    benefits of, xxiv, 67, 176, 554

    education, xlvi–xlvii, 221, 546

    evil effects of, 75, 110

    grounds for persecution, 129–30

    limits of influence of, 504–505

    newspaper editorials on, 548

    omitted in Constitution, 571

    public apathy towards, 335

    public utility of, 67, 110–11, 145, 181

    purpose of, 142

    sources of, 3

    zeal of, 68, 475

    Religion, freedom of, 13, 67, 68

    Religion, natural, 488

    Religion, popular, 417

    Religion, revealed, 489

    Religious beliefs, lxxvii, 114, 134

    disputes over, 439

    justification by faith, 101, 105, 148

    obscurity of, 76–77, 542, 546

    source of, 547

    tolerance over, 571

    See also names of religious beliefs and doctrines; Public service, qualifications for

    Repertory (Boston), items printed in, cxv, 511

    Representatives, federal

    behavior, 290, 382

    constituent relations, liii–liv, 404

    expulsion of, constitutional provisions for, 406

    foreign agents among, 250

    independent judgement, 200

    legislative privilege, 408, 450

    length of term, 16, 22, 354

    militia exemptions for, 206

    qualifications, lxxiii, 156, 548, 563–73 passim

    quality of, 22

    recall of, 354

    relations with Joseph Priestley, 342

    See also Salaries Legislative Act (1789)

    Representatives, state, length of term, 16

    Republican Court, xxxi, 593. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, Representative, social life

    Republicanism, cviii, 52, 323

    and apportionment, 202

    characterized, cx, 14, 336

    classical ideology, 394

    iconography of, 379

    language of, lii

    principles of, xcvi, 10, 199–200

    and public service, 66

    and salaries, 94

    and transparent government, 409

    and war-making, 280

    Residence Act (1790), lviii, 118–19

    GT’s opinion on, 123–26

    Resurrection, The, 114, 134, 185, 492

    Revelation, divine, 343, 365, 505, 517

    benefits of, 493, 506, 507–508

    non-canonical, 417, 418–19

    Revenue collection, federal

    adequacy of, 101–158, 203

    deficiencies of, 287, 293

    drains on, 160

    fairness of, 569

    fraud, 171–72, 205, 206 (See also Smuggling)

    importance of, 29

    protection of, 270

    reports on, 191

    sources of, 38, 65 (See also Impost duties; Taxes, direct)

    See also names of places

    Revenue officers, federal

    collectors, 601, 604

    money orders drawn against, 402, 442, 466

    commissioners, 596

    pay and fees, lx, 93, 205

    port surveyors, 596

    See also names of places

    Revenue system, federal, 600

    constituents’ advice about, xliv–xlv

    Revenue, states, inadequacy of, 38

    Revolutionary War, 55, 142, 182, 281, 409, 594, 608, 610

    claims related to, 255, 267 (See also Hobby, John, petition of)

    GT’s role in, xxii–xxiii

    impact of, xxi, xl, 131, 136, 193–94

    prison conditions in, 62, 63

    service in, 27, 60, 273, 596

    veterans, cix, 243, 245, 249, 443

    See also Continental Army; France, relations with, alliance of 1778; names of battles; Treaty of Paris (1783)

    Revolutions, cv, 4, 97, 210, 317

    Rewards, eternal, 68, 506–507, 507–508. See also Punishment, eternal

    Reynolds, Joshua, 480

    Rhetoric, effects of, 46

    Rhine Valley (Europe), military operations in, 279, 281

    Rhode Island, lxix, 37, 116, 224, 468. See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states

    Rhode Island Trade Bill (1790), 115, 116

    Rice, Thomas, correspondence with, 94

    Richardson, Samuel, writings of, 432

    Richmond, Virginia, 31, 188, 394, 594, 605

    Ricketts, John B., 347

    “Rights of Man,” 3, 246, 272, 541, 584, 585, 586

    frailty of, 311

    government founded on, 228

    Rights, civil, 103, 106, 292, 558

    protection of, 14, 16, 17

    retained, xxxiii, l–li, 550, 557

    self-government, 557, 559–60

    See also names of individual rights

    Rights, natural, deprivation of, 564

    Ripley, Ezra, xxi, xxvii, xxxiv, liii

    Rivers, dangers of, 89

    Roads, construction of, 196

    Robbins, Edward Hutchinson, 607

    letters to, printed, 451–52

    Robertson, William, writings of, 163

    Robinson, Moses, housemate, 326

    Rochembeau, comte de, 289

    Rome, ancient, 62, 63, 103, 105, 110, 161, 509

    allusions to, lxxxvii–lxxxviii, 61, 388, 404, 413, 424, 451

    characterized, 102–103

    comparisons to, 58, 59

    government, 156, 201, 202

    lessons drawn from, 19, 22, 156, 199, 578

    Rome, Italy, artists from, 159

    Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 32, 187

    educational theories of, xxxviii–xxxix, 73

    Eloisa, 122, 474, 475

    Emile, 120, 122, 189

    religion of, 529, 531–32

    Roxbury, Massachusetts, 182, 531

    petitions from, 416, 417

    Rudberg, John, xxxi

    Rum, lix, 245

    Rumor, 45, 140, 348–49, 351

    political use of, lxiii

    Rush, Benjamin, xxxviii

    GT consults with, cxiii, 456

    inoculation by, 449

    Russell, Benjamin, 403

    Russell, William, 342, 344

    Russia, 242, 272, 337, 352

    Rutledge, John Jr., 411, 443

    speeches, 591, 592, 593

    Rycaut, Sir Paul, writings of, c

    · S ·

    Sabine, Lorenzo, on duelling, 380

    Sable, Isle of (Nova Scotia), 80–81

    Saco (Pepperellborough), Maine, xxvi, cv, 71, 143, 227, 610, 611

    lawyers, xxxii, 602, 610

    merchants, xxx, 611

    religion at, lxvi, lxvii, ciii, cx, cxi

    residents, 526, 596, 611

    revenue collection at, 90, 601

    travel to and from, 290, 439, 535, 536

    Saco Bank (Me.), shares in, cix

    Saco Falls, Maine, xxix, cxvii, 88, 298

    view of, xvi

    Saco Iron Works (Me.), 526

    Saco River, Maine, xxvi, 72, 129

    Sailing, 223, 369

    dread of, xxii, xxviii, 27, 33, 57, 59–60, 114

    Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola), slave insurrection in, 593

    Saint-Mémin, Charles Balthazar, 448

    Saint-Méry, Moreau de, writings of, c

    Salaries-Executive Act (1789), 92, 93, 94

    Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 88, 92, 93, 94

    Salaries, federal, opinions on, 93, 129, 135, 169

    Salem Gazette (Mass.), items printed in, cxv, 521

    Salem Mercury (Mass.), item printed in, 40

    Salem, Massachusetts, 465, 508, 519–20, 599

    Salt, bounty on, 116

    Sanborn, Mr. (Newburyport, Mass.), lodgings with, 65

    Sandemanianism, xliii

    Sandwich, Massachusetts, residents, 299, 595

    Sanford, Maine, 605

    letter addressed to, 91

    Saratoga, Battles of (1777), 601

    Sardinia, in War of the First Coalition, 351

    Sargent, Winthrop, lxii, 28, 30

    Saugus (Lynn), Massachusetts, residents, 613

    Savage family genealogy, civ

    Savage, Bathsheba Johnston, 252, 608

    Savage, Charles Tyler, marriage of, 611

    Savage, Henry, 428

    Savage, Hope Doane, xxvii, 608

    Savage, James Rodon, as law student, xxxii

    Savage, Joseph, 32, 335, 428, 607, 611

    correspondence with, lxii, 250, 403–04

    Savage, Mary Meserve (Meservie), 252, 428, 608

    Savage, Samuel, xxvii, civ, 404, 436, 443, 608

    family, cxi, 428, 595

    letters from, acknowledged, 153

    letters to, printed, 153–54, 439–40

    Savage, Samuel Phillips, xxvii, civ, 40, 153, 594, 607, 608

    on Confederation Congress, xxxv

    correspondence with, lxii, 99, 154, 223–24, 237, 250–51, 252, 404

    death of, 403–04, 419–20

    estate of, 420, 428, 436, 440

    marriage, 250–51, 252

    relations with, 36, 42, 224, 227, 232, 233

    Savage, Sarah Tyler, 608

    Savage, William, 608

    correspondence with, 251, 419–20, 428, 467, 469

    Savannah, Georgia, fires in, lxxxvi

    Sawtelle, Cullen, 388

    Sawyer, Abner Jr., cxv, 525, 536, 611

    Sawyer, Catherine Lucy, health of, 525, 526

    Sawyer, Sarah Gray, visits, 535, 536

    Sayward, Elizabeth Plummer, greetings to, 8, 72, 608

    Sayward, Jonathan, xliv, 93, 594, 602, 608

    greetings to, 8, 72, 294, 337, 353

    on westward expansion, lxxvi

    Sayward, Sarah Mitchell, marriage of, 608

    Scammon, Hannah Page, xxx

    Scammon, James, xxx

    Scammon, Nathaniel, xxx

    Scarborough River, Maine, 81

    Scarborough, Maine, 89–90, 603, 609

    letters addressed to, 89–91

    Scholasticism, 515

    Schools, 548

    costs of, xx, 440, 441, 484

    quality of, xvii–xviii, 431

    See also names of places and institutions

    Schoolteachers, xxv, 458, 612, 613

    Schuyler, Philip, 72–73, 86

    Science (natural philosophy)

    encouragement of, 151, 267, 589–90, 592

    lack of interest in, lxxxii

    laws of, 140

    professorships in, 174

    spread of, 292

    study of, xxi, c, 459, 489

    Scioto (Ohio), settlement of, lxxvi

    Scioto Company, 30

    Scituate, Massachusetts, residents of, 594

    Scollay, John, 39, 40

    Scollay, Mary, xxvii, xxviii, xxxvii, 11, 36, 40

    Scotland, immigrants from, xxxvii, 165, 346

    Scott Township, Pennsylvania (“Bower Hill”), 323

    Scott, Charles, 289

    Scott, Sir Walter, writings of, ci

    Seamen, merchant, U.S., 412

    militia exemptions for, 206

    threats to, 245, 246, 271, 272, 273, 299

    See also Impressment

    Searle, Catherine (Katy), 461, 463

    Searle, Frances (Fanny), 461, 463, 485

    travels, 474, 475–76, 479

    Searle, George, 346, 347

    Searle, Mary Russell Atkins, 347

    relations with GT, 461, 474, 475

    relations with SST, xxvii, xxxviii

    Seasons

    Spring, 366, 414, 425, 456

    Winter, lifestyle in, xxxvi

    Seat of government, 108

    criteria for, 123–24, 127

    location of, lviii, 51–52

    See also New York City; Philadelphia

    Secretary of State, 361, 605

    communications with, 167

    duties, 160, 164, 279, 435

    vacancy, 290

    See also Jefferson, Thomas; Randolph, Edmund

    Secretary of the Senate, lvi, 136, 258

    Secretary of the Treasury, 340, 361, 596

    duties, 205, 211, 212, 213

    See also Hamilton, Alexander

    Secretary of War, 340, 361, 510, 511

    duties, 160, 280, 322

    See also Knox, Henry

    Sectionalism, li, 197, 356, 357, 443

    Securities, Continental, 28–29, 37–38

    Securities, state, value of, 38

    Sedgwick, Theodore, xxxiv, 22, 120, 224, 342, 609

    seating in House (1796), 350

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    as Speaker, 442, 443, 465, 476

    as state judge, xc–xci

    Sedition, fears of, xxxiv

    Self-reliance, praise of, 89, 112

    Senate

    characterized, 290–91

    corruptibility of, 8

    debates, gallery for, 258

    president of, duties, 476

    president pro tempore, 478–79

    public opinion on, 309

    relations with House, lvi, 90

    role in foreign affairs, 243

    sectional balance, li

    sequestering, 392

    size, 20

    treaty making power, 356

    See also President of the Senate; Secretary of the Senate; individual Congresses

    Senators, federal, 206, 342, 354

    ceremonial dinners, 435, 436

    impeachable, 19

    length of term, 18–20

    qualifications for, lxxiii, 563–73 passim

    quality of, 22

    See also Salaries Legislative Act (1789)

    Seneca Indians, delegation from, 210

    Separation of powers, 17, 21, 22, 306, 353

    Sermons, 536, 566

    Election Day, cvii–cviii

    impact of, 34, 35, 215, 221, 437, 486, 487, 489, 518

    political role of, cvii–cviii, 563

    published, 389, 398, 438

    quality of, lxvi, 13, 184

    topics of, 343, 495, 513, 519

    See also Preaching

    Servants, domestics, and farmhands, ciii, 36, 238, 367, 598

    behavior, 80, 432

    individuals

    Charles, xxxvii, xl, 6, 23, 41, 43

    Eben, 224

    Jenny, xl, 9, 10

    Katy, 445

    Nabby, 437

    Nathaniel (Nathan), xl, lxxxv, 339, 359

    Ollie (Olly), xl, 78

    Rachel (Ratchel), xxxvii, xl, xl–xli, 6, 10, 23, 41

    Robert, 78, 85

    Sukey, 224

    See also Jotham; Witham, Elizabeth

    Servants, indentured, 604

    Servetus, Michael, execution of, 504, 509

    Seven Years War. See French and Indian War

    Sewall, Anne Henchman, 521

    Sewall, Daniel, recommendation for, 158

    Sewall, David, 8, 326, 609

    correspondence with, xxxiii, lxii, 160, 330, 332, 581

    as federal judge, 127, 169, 255, 321

    letters from, acknowledged, 96, 105, 119, 126, 157

    letters to, printed, 96–98, 105–107, 107–109, 118–20, 123–27, 157–60, 167–69

    opinion on

    3rd federal election, 230–31

    county conventions, xxxiv

    John Stone petition, 160

    Maine statehood, li, cv, 202

    titles, lvi

    portrait of, 168

    Sewall, Dummer, 549

    correspondence with, 91

    Sewall, Elizabeth Langdon, marriage of, 326

    Sewall, Elizabeth Quincy, 521

    Sewall, Henry, 609

    letters to, printed, 170

    Sewall, Samuel, xxi, 392, 465, 606

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    tributes to, 519, 521

    Sexuality, study of, xxix

    Shakers, 149

    Shakespeare, William, performances of, xcix

    Shaw, Hope Savage, marriage of, cxi

    Shaw, Lemuel, cxi

    Shaw, Mr., relations with TBW, 526

    Shawnee Indians, hostilities with, 141, 165–66

    Shays’s Rebellion, xxxiii, 120, 465

    comparisons with, 558, 559, 560, 562

    legacy of, 107, 562

    Sheafe, James, excursion of, 472

    Sheafe, Sarah Meserve, excursion of, 472

    Sheffield, Massachusetts, lawyer of, 609

    Shepard, William, 326, 463, 465

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    Sherman, Roger, characterized, 180–81, 182

    “Ship of state,” metaphorical reference to, 135, 273, 307

    Ship-building, 189, 245, 457, 566

    Shipmasters, petitions from, 315

    Shipping, U.S.

    arming of, lxx, 417, 425

    captured by British, 273, 274, 281, 284, 285, 291, 295, 299, 302, 304, 306, 320, 338, 400

    reparations for, 278, 279, 294, 295, 300, 301, 329, 399

    captured by French, 365, 401, 409, 410, 423

    protection of, lxxix, 315

    risks undertaken by, 319–20

    See also names of places

    Shipwrecks, 81

    Shoemakers, 359, 412

    Shopkeeping practices, 457

    Short, William, diplomatic mission of, 323

    Sidney, Algernon, writings of, c

    Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph, 450

    Silverware, 243–44

    Simcoe, John Graves, 314, 323

    military activities of, 312–13, 315, 317

    Simpson, James, 272

    Sīrāfī, Abū Zayd Hasan Ibn Yazīd, writings of, c

    Six Nations (Iroquois), diplomatic relations with, 208, 210–11, 324

    Skipwith, Fulwar, 281

    Slave trade (transatlantic), 500

    petitions on, 581, 589

    Slave Trade Act (1794)

    prosecutions under, 593

    revisions to, 587–88, 592

    Slave Trade Act (1800), 592

    Slaveholders, 582, 585, 590

    Slavery, black, 127, 186, 463, 464

    abolition of, lix, 123, 492, 581, 590, 593

    extension of, 583, 584–87

    GT’s criticism of, 424, 521, 581–92 passim

    petitions on, 117–18, 398, 581–84, 588–93, 605

    writings on, 532

    See also Blacks, enslaved; Emancipation

    Slavery, white, 564

    Sleep and napping habits, 38–39

    Sleighing, 106, 454

    travel by, 251, 436, 437, 474, 534

    Smallpox

    inoculation, l, civ, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 26, 448, 449, 549

    vaccination, 542

    Smilie, John, in House debate, 589

    Smith, Abigail Adams, visit with, 63

    Smith, Ariana, visits with, 528, 529

    Smith, Jeremiah, 326, 528, 529

    Smith, John Cotton, commentary on 6th Congress, lxxxiii, 465, 477

    Smith, Louisa Catherine, 393, 394

    Smith, William Jr., 394

    Smith, William Loughton, liv

    speeches on trade policy, 250, 254, 263

    Smith, William Stephens, visit with, 63

    Smith, Zephaniah, on Speaker Muhlenberg, 240

    Smuggling, 86, 94, 281

    Snuff, tax on, 311

    Social contract theory, 520, 557, 559–60, 568

    Social order

    Social order, breakdown of, lxxiv–lxxv, civ, cvii

    Société des amis des Noirs, 587

    Society of the Cincinnati, 10

    ceremonial role of, 367, 368

    members of, 600, 601, 603, 604, 606, 609

    political role of, 557–58, 562

    Society, perfectability of, 67

    Socinianism, 130, 135, 182, 364–65

    Socinus, Faustus, 135

    Socrates, c, 145, 146

    Solon, reforms of, xxxvii–xxxviii, 125, 127, 156

    Somerset, England, residents of, 500

    Songs and singing, cxvii, 158, 363–64

    delight in, xxxi, 76, 441, 447, 518

    song and hymn titles, 138, 160, 407, 500

    at worship, 237, 519

    South Berwick, Maine, cix, 601

    South Carolina, 243, 394, 468

    government, 31, 243, 606–07

    ratification convention, 29–30, 31, 607

    See also names of towns; Southern states

    South Carolina congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv

    Southern states, lxxxvi, 54, 64

    characterized, 64, 586

    economy of, 127

    influence in Congress, li

    interests, lxxvi

    population growth, 123

    public opinion on

    France, 242, 429

    Maine separation, 197

    revenue collection in, 158

    secession of, 126

    in sectional balance, 108

    tax burden on, lix

    Southern states congressional delegations

    characterized, 10

    opinion on

    government salaries, 92

    seat of government, location of, 72, 126

    role in

    antislavery petitions, 398

    convening federal government, 64

    election of Speaker, 443

    Southgate, Mary King, 609

    Southgate, Robert, 78, 89, 198, 609

    letters to, printed, 89–91

    Southwark Gazette (Philadelphia), item printed in, lxxiii

    Southwest Territory, 392, 595

    Sovereignty, source of, 18

    Spain

    diplomats to and from, 86, 601

    navy, 84, 280, 284, 286

    as convoy to U.S. ships, 265, 275

    relations with France, 141, 229, 337, 352, 353

    relations with Great Britain, 140, 141, 303, 392

    trade with, 253, 255, 265, 270

    and The West, lxxvi, 29, 272, 392, 584, 587

    Spanish Louisiana, proposed attack on, 263, 266, 287

    Sparks, Jared, cxi, 515, 519

    Speaker of the House, 91, 94, 211, 371, 372, 407, 417, 436, 445, 609. See also Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus; Sedgwick, Theodore

    Speculators, land, lxxv, 446, 485, 536, 596, 598, 613

    criticism of, 210

    members of Congress as, 55, 392

    Speculators, real estate, 540

    Speculators, securities (certificates), 97, 263, 468, 599, 608

    interests promoted, 351

    members of Congress as, 55

    Speech, freedom of, protection of, 148

    Spinning, xix

    Spring, Marshall, 198

    Spring, Mary Binney, 198

    Spring, Seth, 373

    Springfield, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 32–33, 39

    Squatters (“White Indians”), lxxvi, xcii–xciii

    St. Augustine, writings of, c

    St. Clair, Arthur, reports from, 164

    St. Clair’s Defeat, 165, 167–69, 191, 209, 210, 267

    investigation into, 189

    St. Croix, Maine, post office, 162

    St. Croix, West Indies, news reported from, 271

    St. Malo, France, military operations at, 269, 272

    Stacey, George, 215, 216, 346–47, 348

    Stacey, Tracy Anna Bevin, 346, 348

    Stagecoaches, 153, 537

    travel by, lxxx, 5, 32, 33, 224, 231, 237, 238, 239, 326, 369, 432, 435, 436, 461–62, 475, 534

    Stamp tax, lxxiii, 282, 287, 289, 293, 311, 439

    Standish, Maine, residents of, 249

    Stanhope, George, c

    Stanyan, Temple, writings of, c

    Staples, Benjamin, business with, 325

    State Papers and Public Documents of U.S., publication of, 613

    States, 15, 136, 367

    capitals, li, 163–64

    diminishment of, 21, 22, 106, 108, 569

    legislatures, 18, 203, 354

    militias, 170, 281

    new, 123, 124, 197

    as parties to Constitution, 579

    power of, 10

    precedents from, cviii, 18–19, 197, 201–202

    revenue systems, 90, 93

    sovereignty, l, 18

    vs. “commonwealths,” GT’s speech on, cvi

    See also Assumption of state debts; names of states

    States rights, 157, 578

    Statesmen, respectability of, 412

    Statutes of limitation, lxi, 99

    act suspending (1793), 267

    Stebbins v. Jennings (“Brookfield Case”), cxi

    Stebbins, Josiah, as law student, xxxii

    Steuben, Frederick, baron von, military compensation for, lxiii, 135

    Stewarton, Lewis Goldsmith, writings of, 367

    Stockbridge, Massachusetts, residents of, 183, 609

    Stoicism, 153

    Stone, Capt. (Portland, Me.), and convey from Spain, 275

    Stone, John, patent application for, 157, 160, 169

    Stone, Mrs. (York, Me.), 5

    Storer, Charles, 237, 238

    Story, Joseph, on Isaac Parker, 606

    Stoughton, Massachusetts, residents of, 596

    Stowe, Capt., captured by Great Britain, 271

    Strabo, cited, 62, 63

    Strange, Sir John, Reports, 179, 182

    Stratham, New Hampshire, farmers of, 614

    Streeter, Russell, correspondence with, 550

    Strong, Caleb, role in ratification, 22

    Strong, Nathan, sermons by, lxvi

    Stuart, Gilbert, legacy of, 168

    Sturges, Jonathan, as housemate, 80

    Subsidies and bounties, 197, 589–90, 592

    Suffield, Connecticut, letters written from, 436–37

    Suffrage, importance of, 327

    Suicide, xxv, 46–47, 49

    Sullivan, James, xxvi, 325, 610

    correspondence with, lviii–lix

    law practice of, xxvi, 602, 604

    on seat of government, 127

    Sullivan, John, 607, 610

    Sullivan, Martha Simpson, marriage of, 610

    Sunbury, Pennsylvania, residents of, 55

    Superstition, criticized, 3, 7, 67, 129, 130

    Supplemental Assumption Act (1792), 204, 205, 206–207

    Supreme Court of the U.S.

    congressmen attend, 312

    docket, 252, 254, 344

    justices, xc, 255, 436, 602, 605

    powers, 306, 312

    Surveys, land, xcii–xciii

    Susquehanna River, 54, 55, 462

    as Seat of government, permanent, 123, 124

    Swan (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271

    Sweden, 246–47, 352

    Switzerland, immigrants from, 413

    Sykes, Arthur Ashley, writings of, 530, 532

    Symmes, John Cleves, land speculation by, 28, 31

    · T ·

    Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de

    diplomacy of, lxxi, 394, 415

    writings of, lxxv, 367, 446

    Tappan, Benjamin, 512, 514

    Tar, 418

    Tarboro, North Carolina, merchants of, 595

    Taunton, Massachusetts, 359, 526, 536, 537

    Taxes, direct, lxx, 21

    constitutionality of, 311, 312

    prospect of, 265, 293

    support for, 160, 321

    See also Excise; names of products; Stamp tax

    Taylor, Desire Thacher, 114, 116

    Taylor, Elizabeth Joyce, 116

    Taylor, Joyce, 116

    Taylor, William, xxv, 116, 189

    correspondence with, lxxxvii

    Tazewell, Henry, 381

    Tea, consumption of, xxii, lxxxviii, 62, 325

    Teatime, xxx, 366, 455, 459, 538

    Temperament (good humor), 546, 567, 614. See also Humor

    Temperance, support for, 425, 512–13

    Temple, Lady Elizabeth Bowdoin, lxxxviii, 35, 36

    Temple, Sir John, 35, 36, 548

    Templeman, John, 467, 468, 470

    Tennessee, land speculation in, 392

    Territories, slavery prohibited from, 584–87

    Thacher, Anner Lewis (mother), xviii, xix–xx, xxiv, 113, 114, 348, 403, 433

    Thacher, Antony (great-great-grandfather), xviii–xix, ciii, 499

    Thacher, Elisha, 11, 115

    Thacher, James, 528, 529

    Thacher, John (great-grandfather), 499

    Thacher, John (great-uncle), 529

    Thacher, Joseph, 187

    Thacher, Josiah (brother), 443

    Thacher, Josiah (Senator), xxxiv, 153

    Thacher, Lewis (brother), 348

    Thacher, Mary Given, 113, 115

    Thacher, Oxenbridge, xix, civ

    Thacher, Peter (father), xviii, xix, xxiii

    Thacher, Peter (grandfather), 187, 499, 529

    Thacher, Rebecca Winslow, civ

    Thacher, Thankful, xix

    Thacher, Thomas, civ, cxiii, 610

    correspondence with, xxv, xxvi, xxix, 111, 116

    letters to, printed, 1–2, 111–15

    Thacher’s Island (“Thacher’s Woe”), xix

    Thacher’s Tracts, lxvii, 398, 413

    manuscripts among, 35, 547, 550, 555

    marginalia in, liii, 519

    titles, xli, c–ci, cii, 98, 187, 250, 340, 344–45, 366–67, 389, 402, 410, 421, 424, 438, 500–501, 508, 511, 514, 520, 533, 587

    Thatcher (Thacher) children, ci, 244, 412, 418

    characterized, 431

    education of, cv–cvi, cviii

    kisses for, 6, 23, 27, 42, 50, 78, 85, 88, 198, 226, 257, 360, 362, 364, 365, 395, 396, 403, 404, 405, 408, 419, 421, 428, 433, 452, 460, 461, 473, 485

    misbehavior, 23

    playtime, 80

    relations among, 474–75

    schooling, 296, 372, 374, 432, 433, 484

    tutors for, cv–cvi, 299

    See also names of children

    Thatcher (Thacher) family, xx, ciii–cv

    adoptions into, 335, 594, 603

    anxiety about, 4, 359, 374, 464, 467

    finances, xxxii, xxxiii

    GT’s neglect of, lxxxv, 224

    health, 9, 209, 375, 435–36, 468, 472, 484

    household management, 214

    visits, 153, 325

    Thatcher (Thacher) family, genealogical study of, xx, ciii–cv, 529

    Thatcher (Thacher), Anner Lewis (daughter), 405, 420, 611

    adult relations with, 523

    greetings to and from, 538

    health, 441, 532

    naming, 403

    special attention to, 404, 408, 428, 447, 467

    Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Haven Wardrobe, 610, Elizabeth Haven, Wardrobe

    portrait of, 539

    Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Jones, xviii–xix, 499, 535, 537, 538, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), George, 398

    ancestry, xviii–xix, 144

    characterized, xvii, xx, xxiv, xxxiv–xxxv, lviii, lxxxvii, ciii, cxv–cxvi, 127, 177, 187–88, 190, 346, 364, 542, 571

    bookish, 100

    candid, xxiii, lxvi

    charitable, xci, xciii, xcvi, 385, 538, 572

    consistent, 297–98

    domesticated, lxxxix, 72, 154, 297, 524

    eccentric, cxvi–cxvii, 448, 454, 614

    “firm Federalist,” lxxvii, 589

    hospitable, xxvii, 525

    humorous, xci, 379, 388

    independent, lii–liii, liv, lxxxi, cxvi–cxvii, 90, 121, 122, 133, 157, 493, 549

    indifferent to wealth, 485

    indiscreet, lxiv, lxxxii–lxxxiii

    latitudinarian, 489

    lazy, 26, 299

    moderate, 378

    naive, 583

    non-partisan, 13, 327

    proud, 112

    resistant to change, 330, 600–01

    sharp-witted, lxxxii, xcii

    “splenetic,” 467

    Stoic, 256–57

    unique, lxxiii, 90

    death of, cxv

    domestic life, xviii, 226

    education, xix, xx–xxii, xxiii, 95, 486, 487, 494, 541 (See also Harvard University, GT’s attendance at)

    farm, xvii, cviii, 425, 453, 456, 471, 524

    GT’s aptitude for, xl–xli, 85, 401, 425, 484, 524

    financial affairs, xli, 189, 245 (See also Thatcher [Thacher], Sarah Savage)

    income, xli, civ, 25, 26, 226, 524

    indebtedness, xli, lxxxix–xc, 88, 224, 419, 453, 483–84, 485

    personal wealth, lxvi, cix, 453

    power of attorney over, 605

    real estate purchases, cviii

    taxes, 453

    health, cxii–cxv, 10, 40–41, 57, 59, 60, 483, 525 (See also Exercise; Smallpox, inoculation)

    appetite, cxiii–cxiv, 391

    cold, lxxxvi, 401, 455, 456

    good, lxxxvii, 428, 430, 435

    headaches, 246, 290

    jaundice, 251

    rheumatism, xlvi, lxxxvi, 359, 360, 361, 362, 369, 523

    sore eyes, 5, 6

    weakening, 534, 535

    homestead, xvii, xxvii, xxix, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxix, cix, cxv, cxvi, cxvii, 11, 26, 78, 130, 143, 244, 377, 405, 419, 437, 461, 464, 479

    “Elm-Trees,” 515, 549, 574, 577

    “From the Woods,” 2, 550, 552

    home improvements, 296, 297, 299, 397, 412

    relocation, cviii–cix, 297, 483–84, 485

    last will and testament, xcix, cix, cxv

    law practice, xvii, xxv, xxvi, xxxiii, cxvi, 27, 142

    court circuit, xxxii, 23–24, 114, 437

    income from, xli, 226

    library, 179

    office, xxxi–xxxii, xliii, 26, 419

    students in, cv–cvi, 167, 596, 600, 603

    training for, xxv, xci, 597

    library, personal, xcix, 181, 183–84, 221, 367

    catalog of, xli, xcix, c, ci, 146, 183, 186–87, 358, 500, 501, 509, 510

    uniqueness of, 121, 122, 146

    lodgings, 5, 9, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 361, 362–63, 385, 386, 389, 392–93, 397–98, 401, 414, 442, 443, 444, 462, 463, 464, 467

    marriage, xxvi–xxix

    mercantile ventures, lxxxix, 187, 189, 284, 304

    obituary, quoted, xxxi, xci, xcii, xcix, cii, cxii, cxv, cxvi–cxvii, 379, 380, 382

    physical appearance, vi, xvii, 10, 12, 388 (See also Clothing and dress)

    political influence, cxvi

    portraits, iv, vi, 382

    public opinion of, lxiv, xciii, 549

    reputation, 388

    social life, xvii, lxxx (See also individual Congresses, social life)

    dinners, 538

    importance of, xxvii

    outings, xcvii

    parties (“jams”), 538

    public worship, 538

    teas, 527, 528

    visits, xxxvi, 64, 92, 117, 118, 186, 326, 390, 449, 526, 532–33, 534, 540

    writings, miscellaneous, 35

    journals, lxxxvi–lxxxvii, 122, 136

    projected, 142

    religious tracts, cii, 397

    writings, newspaper

    “Crazy Jonathan,” l, lxv, 119, 120, 146, 548–49, 563–73

    “Nazarenus,” 520, 549, 551

    “One of the People,” 549, 574–77

    “Rational Christian,” xxxiii, 99, 548, 552–55

    “Scribble-Scrabble,” xxxiii, xxxiv, l, lv, lvii–lviii, 548, 550, 556–62

    disputed authorship of, 550

    youth, xix, xxv, 330, 488, 597

    reminiscences of, 111–16 passim

    See also Worship, public, attendance at

    Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative

    attendance, 154

    1st Congress, liv, 37, 85, 114, 135, 146

    2nd Congress, 154, 178, 208, 211, 223, 233, 236

    3rd Congress, 298, 312, 317, 325, 326, 328

    4th Congress, 369

    5th Congress, 377, 391, 418, 420, 436

    6th Congress, lxxx

    debate style, lvi–lvii, lxxiv, cxvi, 377, 378–80, 380, 383, 384, 388, 417

    lodgings

    1st Congress, xxviii, 79, 80, 83

    2nd Congress, lxxxvii, 155, 156, 164, 198, 224

    3rd Congress, 324–27 passim, 332

    4th Congress, 162–63, 361, 529

    5th Congress, lxxviii, 385, 386, 389, 392–93, 397–98, 401, 414

    6th Congress, 442, 443, 444, 462, 463, 464, 467

    private journal of debates, xlv, 136

    role in

    extending post roads, 162, 165, 170

    federal district development, lxxxvii

    government expenditures, 129

    impost duties, 132

    invalid pensions list, 322

    Naturalization Bill (1794), 582

    printing XYZ Papers, 415

    social life

    Abigail Adams’s drawing room, 396, 435

    aversion to, lxxxviii–lxxxix, 79, 87, 198, 361–62, 392–93, 394, 399, 464, 472

    ceremonial dinners, 435, 436

    dinners, lxv, 9–10, 36, 148, 232, 331, 400–01, 467, 470, 581

    excursions, 231, 471–72

    levees, 250, 369, 464

    salons, 363

    schedule, lxxxviii, 393

    teas, 393, 394, 449

    visits, 12, 234

    Washington’s birthday, 256, 347, 367

    speeches on

    call for Jay Treaty papers, 353–54

    congressional pay, 94

    discrimination among public creditors, 99

    Foreign Intercourse Bill (1798), 404, 413

    French Directory, 375, 377–78

    Griswold-Lyon Affair, 406, 408

    immigration and naturalization, lxxiii

    leaked diplomatic documents, lxxi–lxxii

    molasses duty, lix

    national flag, lv–lvi

    newspaper coverage of debates, lvii, xciv

    nomination of House Clerk, 372

    post office, 165, 170

    printing of Alien and Sedition Acts, lxxiv

    procedural handling of petitions, lxi, lxx–lxxi, 398

    Quasi-War mobilization, 417, 424–25

    reply to state of union address, 375, 377–78

    right of petitioning, lxx–lxxi

    rules and procedures, lvi–lvii

    slavery, 398, 581–92 passim

    The West, lxxiv

    votes on

    amendments to the Constitution, liv–lv, 161

    antislavery petition, 592

    apportionment, 160, 171

    assumption of state debts, 107

    Blount impeachment, 392

    call for Jay Treaty papers, 352, 353, 354

    call for XYZ Papers, 411

    Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204

    discrimination among public creditors, 99

    disputed election in Ga., 211

    election of Speaker (1799), 443

    embargo (1794), 307

    Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 582

    funding for Jay Treaty, 355, 357

    Griswold-Lyon Affair, 405–06, 408

    Militia Act (1792), 206

    naval armaments, 255, 272

    newspaper access to debates, xciv

    power of removal, liv

    Quasi-War mobilization, 425

    reply to state of union address, 465

    Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94

    Sedition Act (1798), lxxi

    taxes and duties, 289

    trade policy, 250, 267

    Thatcher (Thacher), George Jr., 198, 226, 610

    anxiety about, 373, 470

    career, 209

    childhood behavior, xxxvii, 479

    chores, 360, 374

    correspondence with, 395, 471

    dancing school, 408, 440, 441, 447

    education, 408, 470

    executor of GT’s will, cxv

    health, lxxxvi, 225

    inheritance of, cxv

    at Maine constitutional convention, cv

    Unitarian leadership by, cx, cxi

    Thatcher (Thacher), Henry Savage, 299, 447, 610–11

    career, cviii, 532, 533, 611

    correspondence with, xxxvi

    education of, lxvi

    as family historian, lxxxi, civ

    health, 334, 360

    on Madison Administration, xcvii

    marriage, 536, 537, 610

    naming of, 252

    portrait of, 539

    Thatcher (Thacher), Jane Cooper De Metris Savage, 533, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Jane Scammon, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Josiah (son), cix, 443, 447, 454, 524, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Lewis (son), 252, 299, 346, 348, 447, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Bigelow (daughter in law), 610

    Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Miranda Bancroft, 610

    Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Savage (daughter), 447, 525, 526, 536, 611

    birth of, 154, 209

    education, 475–76

    health, 226, 434, 435

    inquiries about, 225

    pasttimes, 441

    travels, 474, 479

    visits, 461, 466

    Thatcher (Thacher), Mary Goodrich, marriage of, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Nancy Bigelow (daughter), 483, 535, 537, 538, 594–95, 611

    Thatcher (Thacher), Samuel Phillips Savage, 611

    behavior, xxxvii, xlii, 6, 23, 77–78, 83

    career, xl, 456–57

    characterized, 24, 114, 372, 411, 457

    chores, 88, 96, 371, 374

    correspondence with, 59, 251, 325, 393, 395, 412, 431, 445, 447, 455, 456, 457, 472, 474–75

    dancing school, 408, 432

    education and upbringing, xx, xxxviii, xl, 42–43, 68, 73, 75, 95, 226, 339, 420

    executor of GT’s will, cxv

    health, 434, 435, 461, 466, 467, 468–69, 471, 472, 473, 474, 483

    inheritance, cxv

    letter writing, 376

    letters to, printed, 23–24, 60–63

    naming of, 43

    schooling, 225, 298, 325, 327, 334, 408, 440, 441

    travel, 369, 427, 442, 474

    Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah (Sally) Bigelow (daughter), cvi, 23, 83, 484, 611

    behavior, xxxvii, xlii, 26, 69, 82, 83, 335

    characterized, 114, 469

    correspondence with, 360, 396, 441, 457, 458, 466, 468, 471

    dancing school, 408, 432, 440, 441

    education and upbringing, 42–43, 68, 75, 226, 227, 360, 447, 459, 470

    schooling, 225, 298, 408, 458

    special affection for, 6, 12, 27

    Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah Savage, 68, 607, 608, 611–12

    affection for, lxxxix

    characterized, xxvii–xxviii, 227, 238

    correspondence with, xxii, xxvii–xxviii, xxix, xxxv–xxxvi, xxxviii, xlii–xliii, lxii, lxxviii, lxxxi, lxxxiii, lxxxiv, lxxxv, lxxxviii, cxiii, cxiv, 4, 23, 24, 60, 114, 121–22, 166, 240, 243, 244, 252, 284, 299, 327, 373, 374, 375, 393, 394, 401, 402, 465, 485, 526

    correspondents, xxvii

    greetings to and from, 66, 69, 148, 525

    GT’s bequests to, cix, cxv

    on GT’s election, 66, 67

    handwriting, 233

    health, 41, 153, 207, 209, 225, 251, 252, 375, 376, 377, 403, 404–05, 441, 468, 469, 470, 471, 473, 483, 528, 535

    mental, xxviii, 12, 52, 78, 79–80, 86–87, 96, 231, 413–14

    pregnancy, 244, 348

    household finances, 166, 225, 231, 234, 236, 296, 298, 326, 331, 334, 335, 340, 346, 359, 362, 364, 365, 377, 393, 400, 402, 404, 408, 412, 414, 418, 420, 426, 432, 433, 435, 437, 440, 446, 447, 452, 453, 455, 458, 466, 470, 471, 473, 476

    household management, xxix, xxxix–xl, xli, lxxxvi, 10, 131, 224, 226, 244, 257, 298, 339, 347, 369, 378, 392, 414, 416, 420, 437

    influence of, cviii–cix

    inquiries about, 342

    letter-writing style, 327, 334, 431, 432

    letters from, xxxviii, xlii, 11, 535

    letters from, acknowledged, 5, 12, 35, 41, 50, 56, 75, 78, 81, 83, 86, 96, 225, 232, 235, 243, 296, 376, 427, 430, 431, 434, 441, 443, 445, 447, 454, 458, 459, 466, 467, 473, 479, 481

    letters to, facsimile, 48

    letters to, printed, 4–6, 9–12, 24–59, 73–96, 166–67, 197–98, 223–26, 231–38, 243–44, 256–57, 296–98, 324–47, 359–77, 391–485 passim, 523–28, 532–33, 536–40

    marriage of, xxvi–xxix

    parenting, xlii, lxxxi, 43, 392, 420, 442

    physical description, 41

    political role, xli–xlii, 44, 51, 52, 54, 57

    readings, xxvii, ci, 131, 474

    on Samuel Phillips Savage Thatcher, 372

    social life, xcvii, 75, 452, 453, 457

    dances, 27, 225–26, 227, 232, 234, 440

    dinners, 227, 330–31

    “Sweeten-Water Club,” 78

    visits, xxvii, xxviii, xlii, 9, 37, 42, 51, 52, 78, 80, 92, 96, 122, 140, 207, 209, 224, 228, 232, 250, 251, 334, 377, 433, 435, 462, 607

    travel, xc, 33, 36, 39, 41, 455, 525, 526, 528, 534, 536

    Thatcher, Samuel, election to Congress, xc

    Theater, xcviii, xcix, 101, 104, 450, 538

    GT’s attendance, 26, 27

    Theft, legal sanctions against, 554

    Theobold, Philip, correspondence with, lxii

    Theocracies, study of, 142–43

    Theological Repository (London), 501

    Theology, xix, 174

    de-mystification of, lvii, 338

    delight in, lxxxi, 493

    polemics, xxii, lxxxii, 517, 541

    study of, xcix, c, 109–10, 111, 494

    Thomas, Isaiah, correspondence with, 136

    Thomaston, Maine, proprietors in, 603

    Thompson, David, army commission for, 321, 322

    Thompson, Samuel, antifederalism of, lii

    Thomson, Charles, reports by, 45–46

    Thoreau, Henry David, 2

    Ticknor, George, 528

    Tiebout, Cornelius, engravings by, 79

    Tillard, John, 510

    Tinsmiths, cii

    Titcomb, Benjamin Jr., xlv, 612

    letter to, printed, 211–13

    Tithes, 144

    Titles, lv, lvi

    “Citizen,” lvi, 232, 378 (See also Genêt, Edmond-Charles)

    Toasts, 167, 331, 436

    political role of, 273

    Tobacco and snuff, consumption of, 80, 517

    Tocqueville, Alexis de, lxxv, 165

    Tocsin, The (Hallowell, Me.), 613

    Tolerance, religious, 571

    Tonnage Act (1789), 90, 91

    Tonnage duties, collection of, 91, 116

    Topsham, Maine, residents of, lii, xci, 600

    Tories. See Loyalists

    Totten, John R., genealogical research of, civ

    Toulon, France, siege of, 254, 255, 269, 272, 273

    Town meetings, 556

    criticism of, 273

    as voice of the people, 194–95

    See also Boston, Massachusetts; Portland (Falmouth), Maine

    Townsend, John, indebtedness to, 346, 359

    Toys, 42–43, 65

    Tracy, Thomas, cx, cxi

    Trade and commerce

    books about, 163

    decrease of, 261, 355

    encouragement of, 563

    growth of, 260

    GT’s ignorance of, lix, lxiii, 94, 264

    news carried by, 163–64

    as political tool, 306

    post office’s impact on, 162, 164, 172

    predictions about, 141, 250

    speeches on, lix

    threats to, lxxxiv, 253, 409

    See also Algerine Pirates; countries, trade with; names of places

    Trade policy, U.S., 91

    Madison’s resolutions on, 253, 255, 261, 262, 271–72, 282–83, 574, 578

    House action on, 249, 250, 259–60, 264, 267

    means of altering, 272

    non-intercourse, 291, 293, 295, 296

    See also Embargoes

    Trade, carrying, attacks on, 245, 246, 248–49

    Trade, coasting, exempted from embargoes, 276, 511

    Transcendentalism, writings about, 533

    Transmigration of souls (Metempsychosis), 516, 519

    Transportation, 300, 369. See also modes of travel

    Transubstantiation, 77

    Travel, 93, 435, 436, 571

    benefits from, 121, 393

    burdens of, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, 478

    conditions, 71, 223, 237

    costs, 237, 369, 537

    hardships of, cxii, 32, 33, 153, 339, 461, 462, 466, 472, 475

    See also modes of travel

    Travelogues, 179–80

    Treason, 156, 575, 595

    suspicions of, lxxi–lxxii, 558, 560, 561, 574

    Treasurer of U.S., payments by, 359

    Treasury Department, 348

    corruption of, 249–50

    staff, 30, 249

    Treaties of Basel (1795), 353

    Treaties, study of, 569

    Treaty of Canandaigua (1794), 324

    Treaty of El Escorial (1790), 141

    Treaty of Neufchatel (1794), 336–37

    Treaty of New York (1790), 141

    Treaty of Paris (1783), 123, 546, 593, 601

    compliance with, 242, 301

    Treaty-making power, 29, 354, 356

    Trees, lxii, cxvii

    Trevett, Richard, recommendation for office, 93, 94

    Trier, France, military operations in, 329

    Trinity, doctrine of (Trinitarianism), 133, 536

    corrupting influence of, 515

    errors of, 498

    rejection of, 493–94, 494–95, 509, 543

    ridiculed, 184, 185

    sources of, 186, 501

    Tripoli, pirates at, 245

    Trumbull, Jonathan, breaks tie as Speaker, 211

    Truth, elusiveness of, xxxvii–xxxviii

    Truxton, Thomas, medal for, 455, 456

    Tucker, John, correspondence with, xlviii

    Tucker, Joseph, lxi, 93, 327, 612

    Tucker, St. George, Dissertation on Slavery, 590, 592–93

    Tucker, Thomas Tudor, on constituent relations, liii–liv

    Tunis, pirates at, 245

    Turner, George, resignation of, lxxxix

    Turner, John, lxvii–lxviii, ciii, cx

    Tuscarora Indians, delegation from, 210

    Tutors, cv–cvi, 299, 465, 600, 605, 612

    Tyler, Royall, xxi, xxvii

    Tyng, Dudley Atkins, xci, xcvii, cix, 206, 234, 612

    correspondence with, xxi–xxii, xlviii, 171, 206

    letters to, printed, 171–72, 205

    Tyng, Elizabeth Ross, 294

    Tyng, William, 290, 294

    Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, 612

    Type (printing), manufacturing of, 131

    Tyrannicide (ship), xxiii

    Tyranny, xciv, 8, 116, 156, 352, 511, 554–55

    · U ·

    Union, 402, 413, 569

    demands upon (fiscal), 160, 203

    dissolution of, 124, 126

    importance of, 432, 433

    importance to, 104

    outside of, 45, 46

    preservation of, 14, 15, 20

    supremacy of, 17

    threats to, 160

    Unitarian Church and movement, cx, 344, 515, 549

    as “the Boston religion,” 536, 540

    apologetics, 397, 398, 487

    beliefs, 500, 516, 519

    clergy, 353, 358, 519, 533, 542, 543

    development of, xxiii–xxiv, xliv, xlvi, lxvi, ciii, cx, 213–16, 222, 288, 540–43, 598, 599

    in Great Britain, 500, 607

    GT’s leadership of, lxvi–lxvii, cxi

    at Harvard, xxi–xxii, 542

    popular opposition to, 214, 216, 340, 341–42, 540–41

    and qualifications for public office, lxv, lxxxv

    scriptural sources of, 217, 220, 221

    writings on, xcix, cii

    See also Socinianism

    Unitarian Miscellany and Christian Monitor (Baltimore), cxi

    United States

    characterized as Christian, 572

    colonial history, 431, 565

    demographics, religious, 145

    economy, growth of, 260

    exceptionalism, 126, 570

    future prospects, 130, 438

    greatness of, 62

    reputation, 590

    territory, extent of, 7, 123, 210

    as “Zion,” 323

    Universal Chronicle (London), item printed in, 362

    Universalist Church and movement, cxi, 549

    clergy, 350, 500, 550

    GT’s exposure to, cxii, 488

    opposition to, 341

    sources of, 184, 492

    tenets, 158

    University of Pennsylvania, lectures delivered at, 364, 365

    Usher, James, writings, c

    Utilitarianism, 110

    · V ·

    Valmy (France), Battle of (1792), 229

    Van Cortlandt, Philip, seating plan of, 350

    Vanity, 59

    Varnum, Joseph B., cii, 357, 417, 452, 612

    characterized, lxxxiii, xcvii

    correspondence with, xcvi–xcvii, 357, 402

    on public service, cviii

    relations with, lxxii–lxxiii, xciv–xcv

    votes on Jay Treaty, 355

    Vaughan, Benjamin, 485

    Vaughan, John, 285, 288

    Vaughan, Samuel, 288

    Vaughan, Sarah Manning, greetings to and from, 484, 485

    Vermont. See also New England states; Northern states

    Vermont (New Hampshire Grants), lv–lvi, 335, 604

    Vermont congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), 478

    Vice President, lv, 476, 576. See also Adams, John; President of the Senate; Salaries-Executive Act (1789)

    Vice, allure of, 175–76

    Vienna, Austria, British diplomats in, 243

    Virginia, 169, 450, 594, 602, 612

    conditions, 186

    governors, 599, 602

    legislature, 451, 574, 602

    members of, 599, 604, 605, 606, 613

    Report of 1800, 575–76, 578–79

    militia, 605, 606, 613

    parties and factions, 394, 451, 578

    post roads, 173

    public opinion on augmentation of army, 191

    ratification in, 21–22, 30, 31, 594, 605

    revenue officers, state, 606

    roads, 472

    seat of government, permanent, in, lviii

    separation from Kentucky, 193, 197

    See also names of towns; Southern states

    Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 575–76, 577, 578

    Virginia congressional delegation, 11, 173, 599

    role in assumption of state debts, lviii

    “Virginia System” of government administration, 356, 357

    Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio), cited, 62, 63

    Voltaire, 509, 531

    writings, 101, 102, 104–105

    · W ·

    Wabash River, Ohio, hostilities along, 165

    Wadsworth, Jeremiah, on Roger Sherman, 182

    Wadsworth, John (Jack), 454

    Wadsworth, Peleg, 462, 600, 612–13

    characterized, lxxxiii

    constituent relations, 289, 321

    correspondence with, xlix, xcv

    elections of, lxxvii, 230, 236

    housemate, 324, 325, 326, 463

    on Jefferson Administration, xcv

    relations with, 250, 332, 372–73, 454, 457

    signatory to circular letter, 452

    Wadsworth, Zilpha, visits with, 457

    Wait, Elizabeth Smith, 528, 613

    Wait, Louisa, 528

    Wait, Mary, 528

    Wait, Rebecca, 528

    Wait, Silas Lee, 236

    Wait, Thomas B., 612, 613

    Antifederalism of, xlvi

    books supplied by, ci, 339, 367

    characterized, xlvi, 213

    comments on

    Adams, John, 526

    Cabot, George, 120

    constituent relations, lii–liii

    Dexter, Samuel, 597

    elections, federal, liii, 236

    Federalists, xcvii

    GT’s character, xcviii–xcix, cxvi, cxvii

    GT’s health, cxii, cxiii–cxiv

    GT’s judgeship, xciii

    GT’s move to Massachusetts, cviii–cix

    Hartford Convention, xcviii

    King, William, cvi

    Maine statehood, li, cv

    merchants, political role of, lx

    Missouri Compromise, 522–23

    Otis, Harrison Gray, 587

    ratification of the Constitution, l–lii

    religion, xlvi–xlvii, 216, 508, 509, 531–32

    Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94

    The West, lxxvi

    correspondence with, vi, xix, xxxvii–xxxviii, xlii–xliii, xlvi, lix, lxxxvi, xcv, cxv, 12, 105, 111, 118, 189, 213–14, 331, 499

    health, cxiii

    letters from, acknowledged, 109, 137, 187

    letters from, printed, 214–15

    letters to, printed, 109–11, 120–22, 137–38, 187–88, 529–31

    likemindedness of, xcviii

    political role of, 235–36, 612

    relations with, xxix, xlv–xlviii, lxxvi, 11, 137, 236, 527

    reports on Thatcher family, 23

    social life, 122, 532–33

    travels, 528

    Waldo Patent, Maine, 603

    Waldo, Samuel, role in Unitarian movement, 214, 216

    Waldoboro, Maine, 41, 192

    Wales, Great Britain, Unitarianism in, 519

    Wallabout Bay, Brooklyn, New York, 63

    Wallace, Robert, as landlord, lxxviii, 326, 443

    Wallingsford, Connecticut, clergy in, 180, 181, 182

    Waln, Robert, motions by, 588, 589, 591–92

    Walpole, Horace, writings of, 529, 531

    Waltham, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 326

    War and conflict, 89, 104, 287, 292

    characterized, 210

    evils of, xcvi, 29, 261, 263, 265, 278, 280, 282, 283, 285, 302, 313, 366

    “Just,” 203, 278, 313

    predicted obsolescence, 534

    states created by, 560

    War Crisis (1794)

    deescalation of, 285, 291, 293–94

    predictions about, 281, 300, 304, 312

    prospects of, 253, 261, 263, 269, 273, 274, 278, 279–80, 282, 286, 296

    public opinion on, 271, 278, 283, 287

    War Crisis (1798)

    deescalation of, lxxviii–lxxix, 438

    mobilization for, lxx, 411, 417, 418, 424, 425, 433, 435

    predictions about, 413–14, 415, 416–17, 419, 427, 430

    responses to, lxxxii

    See also Quasi-War with France

    War Department, 149, 210

    War of 1812

    conduct of, cv, cxii, 510, 511

    eyewitness to, xcvii

    opinion on, xcvi–xcvii, 357, 550, 574

    preparedness for, 577

    War of the First Coalition, 229, 296, 400

    armistice, prospects of, 304–05, 316–17, 351–52

    French victories in, 254, 272, 279, 286, 287, 291–92, 308, 323, 329, 336, 419

    impact on U.S., 246–47, 248–49, 261, 265, 269, 273, 374

    U.S. neutrality in, 242, 260–61, 366

    uncertainty about, 227, 295–96, 303, 313–14

    See also countries; names of battles

    Warburton, William, writings of, 508, 509–10

    Wardrobe, Elizabeth Haven, 525, 537

    letter to, printed, 534–35

    See also Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Haven Wardrobe

    Ware, Henry, xxi

    Unitarian leadership of, cx, 520

    Warren, John, 178

    correspondence with, lxii

    Warren, Mercy Otis, relations with, civ

    Warren, Sir John, naval actions by, 440

    Warville, Jacques Pierre Brissot de, 182, 581, 587

    Washington County, Maine, 177

    Washington County, Pennsylvania, protests from, 169

    Washington, D.C., 52, 596

    characterized, 481

    development of, lxxxvii–lxxxviii, 468

    letters addressed to, 510–11, 521–22

    letters written from, 461–81 passim

    living conditions, lxxxix, 462, 463, 467, 468, 469

    mail delivery, 477

    members’ opinion of, 465

    newspapers, xcv

    physical description, 463–64

    roads, 388, 464, 465, 467, 475

    taverns and boardinghouses, 462, 463, 465, 477, 481

    tourists to, 338

    travel to and from, lxxxvii, 479

    weather, 462, 464, 466–67, 467, 471, 475, 476, 478

    See also Capitol; White House

    Washington, George, liv, 613

    characterized, 160, 241, 313, 361, 367, 368, 578

    comparisons with, lxxx–lxxxi, 451

    death and funeral of, 445, 454

    dress style, 361

    opinion on

    Adams Administration, 576

    Democratic Societies, 275

    presidency

    Cabinet deliberations, 340

    communications with Congress, 146, 147, 149, 155, 158, 160, 165–66, 167, 189, 203, 240–41, 242, 264, 266, 277, 281, 300, 315, 324

    Farewell Address, 360

    impeachment, proposed, 354

    inaugurations, 83–85, 479

    multiplicity of business, 212

    “official family,” 258

    petitions, 211

    praise for, 323

    state of the union addresses, 158, 160, 232, 238, 241, 242, 328, 330, 331, 359–60, 361

    veto, 171

    in public art, 159–60, 161, 379

    public opinion on, lxix, 309, 328, 338, 345, 435

    public speaking style, 238, 330

    relations with

    Jay, John, 266

    King, Rufus, 266

    Madison, James, 574, 575

    Massachusetts congressional delegation, 368, 369

    Randolph, Edmund, 339, 340

    residences

    NYC, 60, 83, 84, 85–86, 249

    Philadelphia, 256, 258, 368

    roles

    commander in chief (1798), 435

    corruption investigation, 206

    diplomatic, 242, 256, 258

    embargo enforcement, 277, 281

    foreign affairs, 241, 374, 550

    Genêt’s recall, 263

    Indian wars, 209–10

    Jay Treaty, 306, 347, 352, 353

    Revolutionary War, 182, 600

    Whiskey Rebellion, 328, 329

    social life, 347

    birthday observances, 256, 345, 366, 367–68

    dinners, lxv, 331, 581

    levees, 250, 369

    visits, 243

    in Society of the Cincinnati, 10

    subscriber to publication, 165

    Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis, 470, 613

    social life, lxxxviii, 256, 345, 368

    Waterhouse, Benjamin, 178, 540, 541, 542, 543

    Waterston, Pray, & Co., and Henry Thacher, lxxxii

    Waterston, Robert C., GT letters collected by, lxxxii

    Watertown, Massachusetts, residents of, civ–cv, 198

    Watkinson, David, 443

    Watters, James, death of, 421

    Watts, Isaac, writings of, 138

    Wayne, “Mad Anthony”

    disputed election of, 207, 208, 211

    relations with Indians, 267, 287, 289, 324

    Ways and means, “grand committee” on (1794), 287, 289, 293

    Weather

    characterized, 396

    conditions, 223

    impact on health, cxiii, 59

    as metaphor, 566, 570

    political impact of, liii

    unpredictability of, 305, 565

    See also names of places

    Weavers, as lighthouse keepers, 212

    Webber, Samuel, xxi

    Webster, Daniel, 326, 514

    speeches of, 510, 511, 528

    Webster, Judith B., 334, 335

    Webster, Nathaniel, lxvii, 334, 335, 431

    Webster, Noah, family of, 536

    Webster, Peletiah, writings of, 8, 98

    Weekly Magazine (Philadelphia), subscription to, 421

    Weights and measures, system of, importance of, 160

    Wells, dangers of, 89

    Wells, Maine

    churches, 359

    local officeholders, 613

    petitions from, 355, 357, 428

    post office, 158

    Wells, Nathaniel, 209, 230, 337, 613

    candidacy of, lxii–lxiii, 69, 139, 140–41, 329

    correspondence with, 91, 203, 204

    letters to, printed, 203–204

    Wells, William, ciii

    Wesley, John, students of, 149

    West Hartford, Connecticut, residents, 609

    West Indies (Caribbean), c, 274

    shipping detained in, 295, 304, 364

    slavery in, 103, 587–88

    trade with, lix, 122, 231, 276, 284, 306, 321, 329, 364, 365

    U.S. diplomats in, 277, 299

    See also names of islands

    West Indies, British, 288, 485, 600

    news reports from, 296, 301

    shipping detained in, 273, 281, 284, 300

    trade, 250, 269, 271, 307

    U.S. agents and diplomats at, 274, 300, 301

    West Indies, Dutch, prize ships taken to, 281

    West Indies, French

    British conquest of, 271, 273, 276, 280, 284, 291, 316

    defense of, 286–87

    emancipation in, 593

    trade with, 279, 281

    West-Indian, The (play), 27

    West, The, 266, 511, 569

    access to, 164

    characterized, lxxiv, lxxvi–lxxvii

    defense of, 149, 160, 188, 191

    extent of, 127, 210

    ignorance about, 29

    interests, lxxvi, 160

    land sales in, 28, 598

    political role of, lxxvi

    settlement of, lxii, lxxvi, 66, 123, 586

    See also Frontier; Kentucky; Northwest Territory

    Westfield, Connecticut, residents of, 40

    Westfield, Massachusetts, farmers of, 465

    Westford, Massachusetts, residents of, 610

    Westminster Assembly Catechism, 506, 509

    Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, protests from, 169

    Weston, Massachusetts, 154, 237, 607, 608, 611

    letters addressed to, 38–40, 153–54

    Savage home in, xxvii

    travel to and from, 32, 33, 35, 36, 153, 223, 224, 237, 436

    Weymouth, Massachusetts, residents of, 593

    Whales, abundance of, 28

    Wheat, price of, 265

    Wheaton, Joseph, 326

    House sergeant at arms, 372

    Whigs, in American Revolution, xxiii, xxiv, 13

    Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24

    rise of, 169, 275

    suppression of, 328, 329, 330

    Whiston, William, writings of, ci

    White House (President’s House), Washington, D.C., lxxxvii, 464, 465, 593

    White, Alexander, lxxxvii, 11

    White, Bishop William, at ceremonial dinner, 436

    White, James, writings of, 367

    Whitman, Elizabeth, 39–40, 40, 47

    Whitman, Ezekiel, 613–14

    on Madison Administration, xcv

    Whittier, Ebenezer, 196

    Widgery, William, lii, 156, 614

    correspondence with, 91, 155, 197, 199

    letters to, printed, 155–56, 199–202

    relations with, xxxiv, li, 230

    Widows, xxviii, xlv, 242, 388

    identified, xxix, cix, 80, 116, 198, 239, 242, 335, 535, 540, 602, 610

    Wilberforce, William, writings of, 492, 500

    Wilde, Eunice Cobb, 526, 536

    Wilde, Samuel S., 525, 526, 536

    William V (Holland), 337

    Williams, Henry, vi

    Williams, Lemuel, signatory to circular letter, 452

    Williams, Obediah, correspondence with, xlviii

    Williamsburg, Virginia, law students at, 605

    Williamson, Hugh, and assumption of state debts, 107

    Wilmington, North Carolina, 271, 315

    Winchester, Elhanan, relations with, 342, 344–45

    Winchester, Massachusetts, clergy at, 537

    Windsor, Connecticut, residents of, 272

    Wine and alcohol, 10

    beer, xliii, 391

    consumption of, lxiv, 38, 80, 367, 473, 513, 517

    Madeira, 36

    punch, 256, 345

    Wingate, Joshua, at state constitutional convention, cviii

    Wingate, Paine, 105, 116, 614

    housemate, 80, 101, 150

    Wingate, Snell, petition of, 425

    Winslow, Edward Jr., civ

    Winslow, Isaac, writings if, civ

    Winslow, Maine, physician in, xlviii

    Wiscasset, Maine, xxxii, cxii, 78, 602, 603

    letters written from, 483–85

    post office, 162, 163, 170, 173, 190, 192, 196

    revenue collection at, 94, 206

    Wissembourg, Battle of (1794), 281

    Witches, books on, 239

    Witham, Elizabeth (Betsey), ciii, 437

    education of, 369, 432

    Wives, 12, 80, 565

    roles, xxxvi, xl, xli, 457, 458, 459

    See also Marriage

    Wolcott, Oliver, Jr., 331, 340

    Wollstonecraft, Mary, 451

    admiration for, xxxviii, 446, 449–50

    Women

    beauty and cosmetics, xcv, 27

    behavioral norms, 56, 80, 82, 176, 232, 251, 348, 363–64

    characterized, lxxxv, 9, 455

    education of, xxxix, xcix, 39, 59, 83, 393, 457, 458, 459

    GT’s attraction to, 290, 367

    interests, political, 44, 395

    portraits of, 448

    in “Republican Court,” 396

    travel conditions for, 33, 537

    See also Girls; Wives

    Wood shingles, exportation of, lxiii

    Wood, Abiel, marriage of, 602

    Woodman, John, 614

    letters to, printed, 423–24

    Woodward, Mr. (Weston, Mass.), 436

    Wool cards, impost on, 130–33, 135

    Worcester, Massachusetts, 136, 327

    letter written from, 536–37

    mob action at, 557, 562

    proposed state capital site, li

    travel to and from, 32, 325, 536

    Worcester, Noah, 520, 532–33

    Worcester, Samuel, 516, 519–20, 533

    Worship, public, 32, 48, 49, 227, 343

    GT’s attendance at, lxv, 34–35, 148–49, 166, 167, 237, 341, 343, 351, 362, 436–37, 536, 566

    importance of, lxxvi, cvii–cviii, 32, 34, 433

    legislative regulation of, lxvi, 548, 552–54, 563

    neglect of, lxiv, 25, 32, 156, 614

    social uses for, 513, 518, 538, 545

    Writs, 323

    Wyandot Indians, hostilities with, 166

    Wyndham, William, Lord Grenville, diplomatic correspondence of, 349

    Wythe, George, 593

    · X ·

    XYZ Affair

    dispatches exposing, 408, 410–11, 414–15, 416, 418, 423, 430, 436

    GT’s opinion on, lxix, lxx

    public opinion on, 395, 416, 417

    · Y ·

    Yale University, 182

    attenders, xxxii, 30, 80, 239, 520, 529, 543, 599, 609

    “Yankees,” 2

    Yarmouth, Massachusetts, xxiv, civ

    GT’s early life in, xxv, xcii, 112–14

    letters addressed to, 115

    residents, 2, 40, 116, 607, 610, 611

    settlement of, xviii

    Thacher family at, 443

    travel to and from, 114

    Yeomanry, praise of, xix

    York Bank, cashier of, 611

    York Bridge (Me.), 158, 161, 169

    York County, Maine, 337

    3rd federal elections in, lxviii

    annexation by New Hampshire, 208, 209

    courts at, 209, 337, 608, 609

    post office, 209

    religious prejudices in, 67

    York, Duke of, 336

    York, Maine, 71, 157

    1st federal election in, 66, 69

    2nd federal election in, 138–39, 140–41

    6th federal election in, 439

    courts at, 28, 119

    GT’s farm in, cix

    GT’s settlement in, xxvi

    letters addressed to, 7–8, 36–38, 64–69, 96–98, 207–09, 246–47, 327–29, 336–37, 348–55, 390–91, 408–10, 438, 449–50

    post office, 158

    public opinion on separation from Massachusetts, 195

    ratification in, l, 7, 8

    residents of, xliv, ciii, 5, 69, 594, 595, 602, 608, 609, 612

    revenue collection in, 93, 94, 612

    travel to and from, 36, 228, 432

    Yorktown, Battle of (1781), 335

    Youth, 532

    characterized, 112, 113, 115, 152, 499

    moral education of, 175–76