INDEX
A Third Extraordinary Budget of Epistles (1770), 57n
Account of Corsica (James Boswell), 202n
Adams, John
advocate general, Sewall conveys offer of, 137
Beccaria, admires, 255n
and FB, 137
as Hancock, defense counsel for, 110, 137
identified, 49n
on natural rights, 302n
and Otis Jr., 302n
patriotism of, 279n
Rex v. Corbet (1769), defense counsel in, 302n
and Sewall, 137
Warren, letter to, cited, 138n
Adams, Samuel
anti-monarchism of, 167
as Appeal to the World, author of, 37, 58n
Bernard Letters, critiques, 37–39
Boston Gazette, writes for, 176
and Boston selectmen, 198n, 215
Convention of Towns
at, 75
as clerk of, 76
Cushing, T., “altercation” with, 307
on Customs commissioners, 168
FB
on conspiracy of, 39
on misrepresentations of, 36–37, 39, 168
petition to remove, drafts, 32, 361
House of Representatives
as clerk of, 296, 299, 301n, 303, 305, 361
papers of, authors, 26, 28, 32, 298, 305
and resolves of, publication of, 303
on Hutchinson, 168
identified, 49n
influence of, 32
as “Journal of the Times,” co-author of, 216, 217n
king, views on, 167
on Manufactory House eviction, 100n
Navigation Acts, repeal of, advocates, 218n
and Oliver, A., 218n
and Otis, 280
and parliamentary supremacy, 218n
radicalism of, 28
sedition, accused of, 8
and Temple, 193
troops, resistance to, discusses, 8, 167–68
as Whig party, leader of, 28, 36
Admiralty Board
and advocate general of Vice Admiralty, appointment of, 136, 155, 224
American correspondence of
published, xxiv
received, 11
clerks of, 41
Hillsborough, letters to, published, 57n
Hood, letters from, printed, 37
lords commissioners of, mentioned, 136, 224, 373n
secretary of, xxiv, xxv, 225, 373n
secretary of state
letters from, 42
letters to, 224–25
listed, 369
Advocate General of Vice Admiralty (Massachusetts), 6, 49, 110, 136–37, 154–55, 156, 157n, 158n, 166n, 224, 225n
Aeneid (Virgil), 214n
Aesop, 238n
Boston, road to, 126
Almon, John, 55n
Collection of Interesting, Authentic Papers, relative to the Dispute between Great Britain and America (1777), 59n
Almshouse, Boston, 73n
American Board of Customs
attorney general of England and Wales, opinion of, seek, 157n
Auchmuty’s views on, 140
FB and cabinet council advise on, 138–40
Boston, return to
Governor and Council advise on, 91, 90–91, 104–05, 216n, 335, 354
Boston, returns to, 5, 82, 107, 140, 193, 318
British policymaking, influence on, 10
commissioners
Britain, criticized in, 161n, 178n
Council, appointment to, proposed, 186
families of, 105
as justices of the peace, 78
London, depart from, 157n
mentioned, 140
popular hostility to, 105, 106n, 121, 139, 171
removal of, rumors concerning, 285
as strangers, 188n
threats against, 316
conspiracy, accused of, 336, 350
correspondence with, about, 91, 110, 140, 156
Council, disrespectful of, 336, 354
FB et. al, letter from
Treasury, read by, 140
British troops, obtaining in, 4, 168
alleged, 318, 337–38, 343, 350n
FB, writes to, 103
FB’s views on
Boston, retreat from, 139–40
Boston, return to, 82
Castle William, residency at, 139
violence toward, threats of, 139
Governor and Council, return to Boston considered by, 91, 104–05, 106n, 350n
Hancock et al., prosecution of, manage, 110, 136
Hancock, pursue, 5
Hutchinson
letters from, cited, 111n
views of, 140
king and ministers, mislead, 58n
letters from
cited, 5, 110, 137, 156, 177, 193
received, 91
Treasury, read by, 140
letters to, 90–91, 109–11, 138–40, 154–58
cited, 6, 58n, 82n, 136, 138n, 156, 158n, 178n, 193, 225n, 244, 367
as enclosures, 156
FB as co-signatory, 140
quoted, 244
Liberty riot
accounts of, presented to Parliament, 36
conspires to incite, 316
on Lisle, misconduct of, 193
newspaper article on, 160
officials of, 172, See also Coffin, Nathaniel; Lisle, David; Venner, Samuel
Oliver’s views on, 140
popular criticism of, 105, 239n, 300, 350n
protection and safety of, 104, 139
secretary to, 193, See also Venner, Samuel
Sewall
allegations by, about, 110
competency of, question, 5, 110, 157, 158n
complain about, 154
correspondence with, 156
FB provides reassurances about, 154–57
letter from, cited, 158n
suspicions about, 157
working relationship with, 136–37
Sewall, dispute with
FB intervenes in, 109–10, 154–56
FB reports on, 154–58
and Temple, estrangement of, 49n, 140, 160, 193, 200, 206, 207n, 209
Treasury
FB, correspondence with, sends copies of, 156
letters from cited, 158n
memorials to
about, 158n
Parliament, presented to, 35–36
published, xxiv
quoted, 157n
Venner
accused of incompetence by, 193
on misconduct of, 110, 157, 193
relationship with, 158n
and Vice Court of Admiralty, prosecutions in, 136
American Colonies
assemblies of, 160n, 163n, 170n, 266, 268n, 279n
and bishop of London, 149
Boston, support for, 217n
British Army in. See under British Army
British friends of, 55n
as British manufactures, market for, 30
and British policymaking, 119
British resentment toward, 196
British rule in, morality of, 239n
civil list in, 250–51
as conquered provinces, 19
disposition of, 11
episcopate, oppose, 149
French and Indian War, and. See under French and Indian War
governments in, 30, 94, 125, 150–51, 181, 227, 294
governors’ councils in, 355
governors of. See under Governors, Colonial
governors’ salaries, provision for, 92, 251, 252n
Great Britain
disputations with, 116
mail to and from. See under Mail
mutual interests with, 264
prospect of war with, 1–2
reconciliation with, 2, 27, 122, 202, 264, 323n
prospects of, 10, 25, 30–31, 38, 264, 323n
relations with, deterioriation in, 25, 122, 173, 174
union with, 94
grievances of, 355
and Henrician treason statutes, 16, 320
honors in, 187
independence of, 11, 94, 117, 236, 308
judges’ commissions in, 113
land grants in, 127n
loyalty of, 347
mentioned, 148, 181, 194, 202n, 221n, 284n, 345, 347
mispresentations of, 178n
newspapers. See also Newspapers; individual titles
obedience and submission of, 150
Parliament
and, 30, 116, 123, 144, 238n, 320
presented, 163n
and parliamentary authority, 14, 263, See also Parliamentary Authority
and parliamentary supremacy, 30, 170n, 261n, 306n
and parliamentary taxation, 10, 30, 121, 204n
“pretensions” of, 122
prosperity of, 22
Quartering Act, obligations under, 203, 229
rebellion in, prospect of, 18
revenue drawn from, 325–26, 341
royal governments in, 113, See also Government, Royal
Royal Navy in. See under Royal Navy
and secretaries of state, xxiv, 2, 4, 9, 41, 50n, See also Hillsborough, Earl of; Secretary of State (Colonial Department); Secretary of State (Southern Department)
self-government of, 38
and Townshend Acts, 56n, 150, 160n, 203, 265n, 348
American Colonists
Bernard Letters, reactions to, 24–25, 35, 38
British army, resent, 1
British colonial policy, opposition to, 24
cabinet, criticized in, 13
charter rights of, 27
England, being tried in, prospect of, 14–15, 19, 28, 177, 204, 208, 228, 273n, 279n, 302n, 320
and episcopacy controversy, 218
FB, misrepresented by, 2, 29, 153, 200
FB’s conspiracy against, 19
FB’s relationship with, about, 9, 35, 153, 182, 287
grievances of, 121
Hillsborough’s attitude to, 10
king, subjects of, as. See under King, The: subjects of
mercantilism, dislike of, 22, 30
Parliament
criticized in, 11, 17, 168, 170n, 171n
debates in, knowledge of, 20
parliamentary authority
arguments respecting, 15
parliamentary taxation, grievances concerning, 19, 30, 149
Pownall, T., defended by, 19, 29–30, 55n, 56n, 261n
revenue acts, repeal of, arguments for, 121
rights and liberties of, 31, 34, 132, 302n, 323n
Townshend Acts, repeal of, campaign for, 14
treason of, 33
American Declaration of Independence, 4, 33, 299, 362
American Exceptionalism, 170n
American Philosophical Society, 233
American Revolution
ideology of, 37
revolutionary aspects and tendencies, 311n
Americans. See under American Colonies; American Colonists
Amherst, Sir Jeffery
and governorship of Virginia, 103n
letter to, cited, 352n
mentioned, 344
resignation of, 103n
Andros, Sir Edmund, 207n, 310n
Anonymous
“Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in London, to his Friend in Boston”
quoted, 160n
letters
as enclosures, 120
not found, 120
Anti-Monarchism, 167
Antonius, Marcus, 201n
Appeal to the Public Answered (Charles Chauncy), 149, 149n
Appeal to the Public in Behalf of the Church of England in America (Thomas Bradbury Chandler), 150n
Appeal to the World (1769)
cited, 58n
Apthorp, Charles, 219n
Apthorp, James
identified, 219n
mentioned, 218
Apthorp, John
identified, 219n
mentioned, 218
Archer, Richard
on British troops, withdrawal of, 283n
on Quartering Act, trangressions of, 101n
Aristocracy, 65n, 102n, 214n, 232n
Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK), xv
Ashley, John, 278n
Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives)
answers to FB’s messages and speeches
Board of Trade, considered by, 299
as enclosures, 299
British troops, quartering of, and
accounts presented, 270
accounts refused, 84n
expense of, considers, 80, 83, 270
business of, suspended in protest, 289, 290n
Cambridge, meeting in, 32
and Circular Letter, instruction to rescind, 171n
disposition of, 32
dissolution of, 28, 174, 175, 296, 300, 308–09, 310n, 341, 343, 349n, 354, 361
FB lacks support in, 123, 171, 274
FB’s messages and speeches to
as enclosures, 278
and government officials, salaries of, 251
and governor’s salary grant, 5, 33, 277, 279n
Harvard College, meets at, 32
and Hutchinson, as acting governor, 291, 308
king, petitions to, protocol for transmission, 115
and libels, prosecution of, 177
mentioned, 115
political composition of, 274
proceedings of, printed, 174
proroguations of, 310
and secretary of state, FB’s correspondence with, 177
in session, 32, 252, 260, 262, 283, 290, 299, 302n, 308–09
sessions
about, 132
dates of, 163n
end of, 205, 241, 246, 249, 252, 260, 263, 277, 283, 299, 310
FB issues writs for, 251, 253–54, 270
not in, 97
opening of, 253, 258, 274, 297
previous, 92
Province Charter, regulated by, 85
upcoming, 237, 241, 249–50, 253, 260, 272, 348
Shelburne recommends conciliation to, 179n
summon, FB instructed not to, 59n, 85, 103, 161, 205
summon, FB requested to, 321, 335, 361
summoned
Boston, to, 252n, 253, 268n, 270, 274
Cambridge, to, 289
summoning of, FB considers, 161–62
suspension of, FB considers, 161
Virginia resolutions, considers, 276
Atlantic Ocean, 30, 50n, 149, 194, 287, 293–94, See also Transatlantic Communications; Transatlantic Voyages
Attorney General of England and Wales, 157n
Hillsborough, advises, 115
Hillsborough, letter from, cited, 117n
opinions sought, 158n
Attorney General of Massachusetts. See also Sewall, Jonathan
and American Board of Customs, 157
appointment of, 136
British soldiers, refuses to prosecute, 268n
Council, membership of, proposed, 186
Crown salary
FB advocates, 135
and Edes and Gill, prosecution of, 177
Hancock et al., prosecutes, 137
House of Representatives, criticized by, 300
as king’s counsel, 135–36
and Liberty riot, prosecution of rioters in, 134, 138n, 316, 345
mentioned, 124n, 137, 210, 252n
officeholders, about, 49n, 50n, 52n, 273n
as provincial officer, 100n, 117n, 134–36, 166n
Auchmuty, Robert
American Board of Customs, letter to, 139–40
co-as signatory, 140
Treasury, read by, 140
American Customs Board, views on, 140
as FB, adviser to, 8, 164, 188n, 271, 273n
identified, 49n
as justice of the peace, 165, 166n
newspaper libel on, 243–44
Sewall and Customs commissioners, dispute between, intervention in, 156, 157n
as Vice Admiralty Court, judge of, 136, 166n, 225, 244
Augeas, King
Augusta Sophia, Princess, 116, 117n
Avery, John
as justice of the peace, 101n
“B. W.” (anti-Anglican writer), 219n
authorship of, 219
FB’s knowledge of, 218
Baker, William, 71n
letter to, cited, 71n
mentioned, 266
Baldwin, Henry
identified, 238n
mentioned, 237
and Wilkes, libels of, 238n
Balston, Nathaniel
as justice of the peace, 101n
Barbados
governorship of, FB considers, 94, 150, 181, 227, 241, 281
Barracks
accounts concerning, 289
Boston, in
public buildings, 2–3, 69–71, 96, 329, 331, 333–34
rented buildings, 65, 83, 100, 114n, 121, 123n
and troops’ behavior, 63
at Castle William, 3–4, 56, 63, 69, 79, 83, 96–97, 101n, 123n, 283, 304n, 305, 317, 329, 331, 333, 344, 361
Quartering Act, provisions of, concerning, 99–100
debates over, 3–4, 8, 69, 79, 230n, 267, 329–35, 344–45, 349n, 361
Barré, Isaac
as America, friend of, 323n
American, reconciliation with, advocates, 19
Appeal to the World, Boston sends, 58n
career of, 53n
on FB, 18–19
House of Commons
Council, petition from, favors presentation of, 323n
identified, 323n
mentioned, 323n
Barrington, Lord
as American affairs, hard-liner in, 194–96
on American “traitors,” 78, 170n
Bernard Letters, publication of
thinks harmless to FB, 35, 281–82
Bernard, Amelia
sends compliments to, 94, 151, 228, 230, 281
views on, 282
Boston
insurrection in, fears, 103n
on “late Violences” in, 77
on troop deployment to, 78n
British government, disappointed with, 230n
on British troops, deployment of, 78, 118, 195
colonial government, reform of
colonial policy
on British government, deliberations of, 150–51
discussed, 304–05
colonial politics, ignorance of, 282
correspondence with, about, 43, 78, 95n, 102, 151, 195, 206, 223, 228, 230, 240, 246, 282, 305
Council, royal appointment of, favors, 6, 194–95
cousins of, 102, 151, 194, 281
Crown salaries, discussed, 92–93
Dalrymple, complaint of, discussed, 221–24
FB
as advocate for, 281
baronetcy for
FB’s acceptance of, 205
patent for, arranges, 229–30
as patron of, 150–51
FB as governor
boldness of, discused, 206
on conduct of, 240
leave of absence
FB plans to take, 205–06
FB postpones, 93
FB to remain in post, urges, 102
recall of
should depart at his convenience, 240
relocation of
Hillsborough, discusses with, 281
options for discussed, 5, 150–51
options for, FB considers, 94, 227–28
salary of, discussed, 92–93
Gage, FB’s correspondence with, discussed, 78n
Hillsborough
as interlocutor with, 102n, 118, 204, 235, 240, 281
and Hillsborough
punitive measures, favor, 196, 204
as reformers, 10
House of Lords, resolutions of, disappointed by, 151
House of Representatives, proceedings of, FB reports on, 305
identified, 49n
“Junius,” vilified by, 55n
letters from, 101–03, 150–51, 193–96, 228–31, 240–41, 280–82
cited, 2–3, 10, 12–14, 27, 68n, 78, 95n, 102n, 154, 183n, 195, 200, 201n, 204n, 206n, 228n, 230n, 231n, 232n, 241n, 242n, 261n, 282n
as enclosures, 240
posted, 306n
quoted, 9, 28, 35, 42, 54n, 235
received, 78, 95n, 102, 195, 226, 242n, 281–82, 304
as replies, 77, 102, 150–51, 206, 230, 240, 242n, 246, 282n
sends copies, 240
letters to, 91–95, 204–07, 221–24, 226–28, 245–46, 304–06
cited, 78n, 95n, 102n, 151n, 183n, 228n
delayed, 196n
discussed, 227
enclosures not found, 305
private, 245
received, 77, 95, 102, 150–51, 240
as replies, 195, 226, 281, 304
on Massachusetts magistrates, appointment of, 78
as member of Parliament, 19, 151, 231n
Mutiny Act and Quartering Act (1769), sends, 230
Parliament
on American affairs, “tame acquiesence” in, 229
American representation in, discussed, 94
FB’s correspondence, presentation of, views on, 118
Massachusetts, resolutions respecting
disappointment with, 194
FB discusses, 226
Otis Jr., impeachment of, favors, 194
Pownall, J., consultations with, 95n
Quartering Act, amendments to
discussed, 305
explains, 229
favors, 77
royal government, weakness of, FB reports on, 226–27
St. George’s Fields Massacre
congratulates troops, 79n
Temple
and, 241n
libels by, FB reports on, 205
removal of, considers, 206
situation of, FB reports on, 206
on Townshend Revenue Act, repeal of, 151
treason trials, advocates, 28, 194–95
Virginia, governorship of
on Botetourt, appointment of, 102
Virginia, lieutenant-governorship of, FB reflects on, 92, 205
Wilkes, censure of
on, 194
Barrington, William Wildman. See under Barrington, Lord
Batoni, Pompeo, 152
Bayard, Robert
Gage, FB’s letters to, delivers, 68
identified, 69n
Beacon Hill, Boston, 72, 74, 138, 167
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana di
An Essay on Crime and Punishments (1764), 255n
Beckford, William
Appeal to the World, does not receive, 58n
Bernard Letters, transcripts of, obtains, 22, 34–35, 53n, 58n
Council, petition to House of Commons from, presents, 16, 320
as “angry man,” 18
House of Commons, speeches in, 18
Massachusetts, proposes inquiry into, 18
portrait of, 23
Pownall, T., suspicions concerning, 30
on treason trials, 18
as West Indies merchant, 22
Bedford, Duke of
supporters of, 11
Bedfordites, 11
Belcher, Jonathan
governor, instructions as, 279n
Bellew, Henry
identified, 373n
letters to, listed, 372
Beresford, Jane
FB, as benefactor to, 247n
FB, as friend to, 231n
identified, 247n
mentioned, 230
Berkeley, Norborne, 373n, See also Botetourt, Lord
Berkshire County, Mass., 127n
Bernard Family
England, returning to, plans for, 33, 281–82
mentioned, 5, 102, 151, 194, 231n, 247n
BERNARD, FRANCIS
“FB,” referred to as, 45
AMERICAN COLONIES
American bishop, his plans for, 146–50
on “exorbitant Pretensions” of, 122
on governors of
relocation of, 94
salaries of, 92
Great Britain
on relations with, deterioration in, 122, 173–74
union with, proposes, 94
on independence of, prospect of, 94, 236
South Carolina governorship of
on troops in, cantonment of, 267
Virginia, governorship of
Botetourt’s appointment, learns of, 92, 102
Virginia, lieutenant-governorship of
disappointment at losing, 92, 205
offer, withdrawal of, 102, 118
Adams, S., commentaries by, 37–39, 168
American reactions to, 24–29, 178, 247–49, See also Appeal to the World (1769)
Barrington, opinions on, 281–82
Beckford, transcribed for, 22–23, 34
Bollan
acquired by, xxiv, 14–16, 20–26, 29–32, 34–35, 38, 245, 247–48, 300, 322, 323n, 329, 347–48
Council requests copies from, 26, 30, 35, 56n
examination of, proposed by, 26, 36
not read by, 20
transmitted to Boston by, 25, 35–36, 175, 245, 248, 300, 322, 329, 347
Boston Gazette
first printed in (23 Jan. 1769), 21, 25, 56n, 100, 106, 109, 114, 119, 129, 132, 175, 178n, 182, 197, 247n, 300, 365–67
printed in, 24, 54n, 175, 177, 200–01
Boston selectmen mentioned in, 197
Boston town meeting, condemned by, 58n
Boston, arrive in, xxiv, 24, 26, 35–36, 175, 247–48, 300, 350n
Bowdoin
involvement of, 8, 21, 24, 26, 175, 248
commentaries on, 15, 25–26, 35–37, 249, 301n, 348n, 328–52, 352–58, See also Appeal to the World (1769)
Council
proceedings of, discussed in, 8, 15, 38, 182
reviewed by, 328–52
Crown, officers of, considered by, 248
as enclosures, 248n, 249n, 322, 348
first parcel of six letters
about, 8–9, 12, 16, 20–27, 31, 59, 119, 174–76, 201, 246, 248–49, 322, 347–48
Council, reviewed by, 328–52
and historiography, 14, 24–25, 38
newspapers, printed in, xxiv, 89, 54n, 100, 106, 109, 114, 119, 129, 130n, 132, 174–75, 177, 197, 200–01, 218n, 248, 348n
pamphlet series. See Copies of Letters from Bernard to Hillsborough; Letters to Hillsborough; Letters to The Ministry
Popham, transcribed for, 22–23
publication of, xxiv, 25–26, 36–37, 182, 249, 300, 361–62
copy text used, 26
Council, by arrangement of, 25, 245, 249
his views on, 241, 245–46, 248–49
imprints, quality of, xxiv
reactions to, about
people inspect and read, 248
second parcel of letters, about, 35, 38, 348n, 350n
as transcripts, 20, 25, 34, 322, 324n
Whigs, as evidence for, 8–9, 14, 16, 36–39, 168, 177, 182, 198, 214, 248, 300, 348n, 361–62
BRITISH GOVERNMENT
American radicals, censure of, hopes for, 173, 309
British ministers, defends, 198, 214
colonial government, his proposals for reform of, considered by, 203
and colonial policy
and baronetcy, offer of, 229, 232, 234
conduct as governor, his, 7, 13, 16, 85, 116, 120, 142, 281
political mediator, his role as, expectations about, 1–2, 7–8
Townshend duties, partial repeal of, learns of, 263–64
on colonial policy, 249–52
leniency in, criticizes, 304–05
correpondence considered by, 1, 19, 24, 36, 39, 118, 120, 141–42, 144, 153, 178, 182, 208, 247
defended by, 38
and governors, salaries of, 92, 252
Hillsborough
conduct approved by, 7, 13, 31, 85, 116, 118, 120, 232, 348
considered expendable by, 13, 31, 119, 153, 201, 348
correspondence presented to Parliament by, 15–16, 115, 119, 142, 181
firmness urged by, 153
his reports evaluated by, 9, 117–19, 154, 222
Hutchinson as successor, discusses with, 27, 253
opinions of, 222
Parliament, debates in, reported by, 153–54
recalled by, 31, 154, 232, 234, 240
relocation, discussed with, 181
Hillsborough, instructions from
assembly, not to summon, 85, 103, 161, 205
assembly, summoning of, 203, 234
assembly, to dissolve, 175, 300
Circular Letter, rescinding of, 59n
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” to investigate, 115
leave of absence, suspending, 93, 102, 125, 223
Liberty riot, to investigate, 2, 6, 8, 204, 208
official correspondence, communication to assemblies, concerning, 177
parliamentary authority, to enforce, 208, 263
province magistracy, to reform, 6, 114
recall, 234
Townshend duties, partial repeal of, 263–65
treason, to investigate, 8, 28, 204, 207–09, 228
troops, deployment of, respecting, 72, 83, 329
sends Hillsborough, proposals for
colonial government, reform of, 141
Council, royal appointment of, 8, 113, 181–82, 185–88, 191, 199, 300
sends Hillsborough, reports on
American Board of Customs, return of, 103–04
assembly, proceedings of, 273–79, 295–303, 308–11
British troops, landing of, 79
Convention of Towns, 75–77
Council, opposition of, 86–90
Council, proceedings of, 79–82, 86–90, 95–101, 103–06, 266–68
Crown lawyers, ineffectiveness of, 133–38
departure, his arrangements for, 252, 299
House of Representatives, proceedings of, 273–79, 295–303, 308–11
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” investigation of, 164–65
justices of the peace, obstructions by, 97–98
nonimportation movement, 255–58
official papers, publication of, 86–90
political writing, 173–79, 209–14, 216–18, 239
province magistracy, reform of, 111–14
Temple, libels by, 209–14
treason, investigation of, 271–73
troops, quartering of, Council’s obstructions to, 79–82, 95–101, 103–06
troops, quartering of, preparations for, 63–68
troops, requests for withdrawal of, 266–68
influence on, 9, 16, 175, 191, 317
intervention in American affairs, urges, 140–42
misleads, 13–14, 20, 32, 36, 129, 174, 300, 360
on Quartering Act, amendments to, 305
reports considered by, 10, 16, 154
sedition, allegations of, considered by, 9, 12–13
supported by, 1
BRITISH TROOPS
government, authority of, aids restoration of, 121
landing of
does not attend, 222–23
issues orders respecting, 222
not present for, 5, 65, 71, 222
resistance to, warns of, 13
local economy, stimulate, 121
on “orderly & decent” conduct of, 121
Quartering Act
contravening, accused of, 4, 360–61
on deficiencies of, 98–99, 267
provisions of, debates, 3–4, 8, 69, 79, 267, 332–35, 344
and quartering of
at Crown’s expense, 4, 64, 83, 98–99, 112, 121
and expenses of, 72
Gage, discusses with, 65, 68–70, 82–84
procedures respecting, follows, 4
on quartering of
and Boston selectmen, 65
at Castle William, 4, 63, 69, 71, 79–80, 83, 96–97, 100, 305
commissary, failure to appoint, 80–81, 99, 229
Council
objections raised by, 63–64, 79–82, 95–101
proceedings of, 63–64, 69, 80–81, 96, 98, 329–35
Dalrymple
discusses with, 63, 69, 80–81, 84
problems encoutered by, unaware of, 70–71
distribution of regiments between town and castle, preferences for, 71, 84, 293, 317
in hired premises, 150
justices of the peace, responsibilities of, 97–99, 267
length of negotiations, 103
in Manufactory House
authorizes, 2, 64–65, 69–70, 83, 96, 329, 333–34
failure of, 96–97
proposes, 64
preparation for, opposition to, 3
in public buildings, authorizes, 2–3, 71
in public houses, difficulties with, 97, 267
on townspeople, relations with, 71, 146, 217
ponders future, 63
and withdrawal of
Council requests removal to Castle William, 317
Gage proposes, 282
Gage, discusses with, 282–90, 293–97, 303–04
Hood and Mackay, consults with, 296–97, 303
and Mackay, consultations with, 283, 285, 287–88, 292, 296–97, 306
reduction, consents to, 297
on withdrawal of
Council, will not consult, 288, 292, 294
embarrased by proposal, 285
Governor and Council, authority of, respecting, 294
objections to, raises, 32, 285, 288–89, 294
political agenda respecting, 105, 266–67, 276, 289, 293, 295, 297
requests for, 266–68
resumption of, concurs in, 303, 306
retention of, favors, 32, 293–94, 303–04
suspension of
concurs in, 296
requests, 286
BRITISH TROOPS, DEPLOYMENT OF
Boston Massacre (1770), as consequence, 38
Boston, brings to, 24
conspiring to bring about, accused of, 4, 9, 13–14, 32, 168, 175, 316, 318, 336–38, 343, 350n
Hillsborough, instructions from
adheres to, 83
considers, 72
Council, communicates to, 329
justification for, his correspondence as, 11, 13, 39, 175, 300
on purpose and function, 78n
Crown officers, protection of, 1, 93
keep inhabitants in “Awe,” 294
on townspeople, relations with, 121, 146
CORRESPONDENCE
American Board of Customs, with, about, 91, 110, 140, 156
Barrington, with, about, 43, 78, 95n, 102, 151, 195, 206, 223, 228, 230, 240, 246, 282, 305
Becarria quoted, 254
Board of Trade
considered by, 146
with, about, 42
with, editorial policy concerning, 42
and British colonial policy, 9–10, 85, 115, 118, 153, 208
British government
considered by, 1, 19, 24, 36, 39, 51, 118, 120, 141–42, 144, 153, 178, 182, 208, 247
correspondence with, about, 41
as source of information for, 20
with departments of, 42
with, about, 41
British politics, impact on, 9, 11–12, 16, 20, 133, 144
Calendar of, 45
classical allusions, 216
and clerks, 42–43
conveyance of, concerns with security, 205, 291
Dalrymple, with, about, 71
FB holographs, 41–42
Gage, with
about, 69, 84, 221, 233, 265, 287, 289, 304
Council, proceedings of, sends, 265
Hillsborough, with
about, 65, 109, 114, 129, 132, 136, 146, 163, 182, 188, 213, 253, 255, 264, 273, 299
and Bollan, 348
conclusion of, 33
delays in, 268
publication of, 39
as series, 41
Boston town meeting, his corrrespondence with, sends copies of, 106
British government, evaluated by, 9, 117–19, 154
Convention of Towns, proceedings of, sends, 76
copied as “fatal Necessity,” 249
Council, considered by, 103, 328–52
Council, proceedings of, sends, 100, 268–69, 343
FB’s correspondence with Dalrymple, sends copies, 224n
FB’s correspondence with Gage, sends copies, 294
handbills, sends, 257
Hillsborough’s correspondence with Gage, FB sends copies, 293
House of Representatives
answers to messages and speeches, sends, 278, 299, 311
proceedings of, sends, 280
resolves of, sends copies, 278, 298–99
inconsistencies in, 118–19
informants’ depositions, sends, 165
inquiry into proposed, 261n
justices of the peace of Boston, correspondence with, sends copies, 100
messages and speeches, sends copies, 278, 295, 299, 310
newspapers, sends, 81, 89, 93, 106, 174, 200, 205, 209, 217, 239, 243, 257
private, 146n
Hood, with, about, 284
Hutchinson, with, about, 291
Jackson, with, about, 28, 242, 247, 262–63
Jamaica Farm, prefers to write at, 222
king, presented to, 85, 142, 153, 182, 208
letterbooks, 41–42
Liberty riot, about, 16, 19n, 350n
List of Correspondence, 362–72
mentioned, 45
Martial quoted, 212
not found, 56n, 71n, 82n, 91n, 95n, 106, 117, 129, 141, 160, 182, 193n, 219n, 221, 224n, 228n, 244, 260n, 284n, 291n
as official source of information, 86, 117, 129, 247
Parliament
considered by, 16–20, 29, 34–35, 323n, 362n
presented to, xxiv, 2, 9, 11–13, 15–16, 25, 39, 51n, 52n, 59n, 65, 76, 81, 85, 89, 106, 115, 117, 129, 132, 142–43, 153, 175, 180, 201, 245, 281, 320
on adverse consequences of, 180
FB reflects on, 181
learns of, 182
“peevish and litigious” exaggerations in, 18
Pownall, J., with
about, 6, 120, 144, 201n, 203, 280n, 306n
House of Representatives, resolves of, sends, 296
newspapers, sends, 122, 160, 218n, 244
paper on American Board of Customs, sends, 160
Pownall, T., with, about, 260
private or secret letters, 6–7, 27, 118, 121, 141, 155, 158, 179, 188, 194, 198–99, 200, 209, 212, 229, 231–32, 241, 243, 245, 248, 250, 254, 269, 284
publication of
anxieties concerning, 181
in newspapers, 21
pamphlet, as. See Copies of Letters from Bernard to Hillsborough; Letters to Hillsborough; Letters to The Ministry
scripture, quotes, 122
Seabury, with, about, 218
secretary of state, with, about, xxiv, 2, 8, 19, 41–42, 110, 177, 241, 247, 361
Shelburne, with
about, 41
Stephens, with, about, 225
Venner, with, about, 192–93
CROWD ACTION
accounts of
crowds, his depictions of, 97, 145, 167
Manufactory House, occupation of, 96–97
against American Board of Customs, reflects on, 139
on Boston “mobs,” 97, 139, 145, 164, 256
Liberty riot, on
rioters, pursuit of, 134
on Whigs’ participation in, 112, 164
GOVERNMENT
Adams, J., offers position to, 137
American Board of Customs
Boston, and return to, 103–04
on commissioners’ families, sufferings of, 105
on conspiracy against, 105, 121, 139, 160, 285
Council, membership of, proposes, 186
on criticism of, 105
on Hancock, their pursuit of, 136
Sewall, Board’s dispute with, intervenes in, 109–10, 154–58
on Temple’s disputes with, 140, 160, 193
and assembly
adjourns, prorogues, and summons, 251, 253–54, 270, 274, 289, 310
Boston
convening away from, considers, 162, 203, 251
Cambridge
convened at, 289
removal to, 32
dissolution of, 175, 296, 300, 308–09, 341, 343, 354, 361
official correspondence, communication of, 177
proceedings of, discusses, 258–59
summoning of
instructed not to, 85, 103, 161, 205
considers, 161–62
on assembly
business of, suspension of, 289
quartering troops, accounts for, unlikely to settle, 80, 83
and Virginia resolves, 276
on attorney general of Massachusetts
Council membership, proposes, 186
as king’s counsel, 134–37, 177, 224
on authority of, restoration of, 93, 121–22, 135, 181, 185, 237
Circular Letter
on adoption of, 39
first motion for, defeat of, 39
and rescinding of, 39, 175, 342
defects in, 112, 122, 181, 243, See also Government, Colonial: reform of
“long Intermission of,” considers, 309
and Council
and American Board of Customs, return of, 103–04
Bowdoin’s influence in, 3, 21, 87–89, 128–30, 142, 175, 251, 327, 341
Gage attends meeting, 96
Hillsborough, his correspondence with, considered, 8, 101n, 103, 107, 128–29, 162, 163n, 258, 299, 317, 329, 328–58
his misrepresentations refuted, 26, 316, 318, 352–58
king, petition to, 129, 341–42
as “major part” of, opposition group, 4–5, 15, 88–89, 130–31, 355
and military assistance, request for, 7, 85, 125, 285
minutes of, personal copies of, 331
and Parliament, petitions to, 326, 341–42, 355, 360
proceedings of, 79–82, 86–90, 95–101, 103–06, 266–68
(Jun.–Aug. 1768), 134, 336–38, 341, 343
(Sept.–Oct. 1768), 64, 79–80, 86–87, 91, 96, 98, 103, 328–52
(Nov.–Dec. 1768), 107–08, 111, 145, 339
and publication of, 15, 86–90, 175, 177, 216, 330
on Council
address from (14 May 1769), 266–67
baronetcy, failure to proffer congratulations on, 259
conduct of, 185
councilors, private consultations with, 128
Dalrymple, meetings with, 63–64, 68–69, 79–80
“Delinquency” in, 269
former councilors, prepares lists for restoration of, 187–92
friends of government, exclusion and restoration of, 186, 274–75, 280, 284–85
“good humour” of, 108
government officials, proposes restoration of, 144, 186
king, petition to, 128–29
and misrepresentation of, 324–28, 341–42
opposition from, 5, 88, 153, 161, 188, 206, 246, 249, 251, 258–59, 267, 268–70, 292
Parliament, petitions to, preparation of, 130–33
politics of, 132
politics of, changes in, 185, 269
popular influence in, 93, 105, 227, 340
“Principles” of, bemused by, 269
province secretary, undermining of, 88, 278
reform of, proposals for, 268–70
royal appointment of, 6, 182, 203, 300, 339, 341
and constitutional reform, 93, 181, 270
expects, 185
Hutchinson, disagrees with, 27
as political tool, 8, 113, 122, 188
prospective nominees, considers and lists, 8, 185–92
secrecy in, 199
support in, lack of, 87, 109, 164, 254
and troops, quartering of, 3, 13, 15, 63–71, 79–82, 84, 95–101, 103–09, 142, 229, 288, 329–35
troops, request for withdrawal, 266–67
troops, withdrawal of, and requests for, 83, 104–05, 265–67, 286–88, 292, 294
vetoes elected councilors
votes and divisions in, 80, 91, 104, 132
and Whig party, 171, 185–86, 258, 267, 269, 274–75, 277, 280, 284–85, 305
on Crown officers
views of, reports, 159, 285, 289, 292
on Crown salaries, efficacy of, 93
Crown, on lawyers acting for, 6, 115, 133–38, 224, 252
freedom of the press, favors restrictions on, 177
and General Court
adjourns, prorogues, and summons, 277, 308
Boston, removal of, 203, 234, 235n, 267, 268n, 290n
“ill humour” in, 272
summoning of, instructions respecting, 234
on government officers, salaries of, 93, 298
House of Representatives
chastises and defies, 33
messages and speeches to, 295, 298
House of Representatives, and
and Adams, S., 26, 28, 32, 296, 298–99, 301n, 303, 361
answers to his messages and speeches
Council, considered by, 298
discusses, 274–75, 277, 295, 298, 308, 342
printed, 277
Circular Letter, rescinding of, 39, 175, 342
Hutchinson, salary of, as acting governor, 303n
king, petition to, for his removal, 10, 32, 174, 358–62
Privy Council, dismissed by, 38
proceedings of
(31 May–15 Jul. 1769), 32–33, 234, 251, 267, 274–77, 278, 289, 295–303, 305, 308–11, 361
(7 Jul. 1769), 296–98
on House of Representatives
censure of, 309
confrontation with, 259
parliamentary authority, challenges to, 297–98, 305, 308
parliamentary taxation, repudiation of, 298
public finances, jeopardizes, 309
resolves of (7 Jul. 1769), publication of, 303, 305
troops, refusal to settle expenses of, 80, 83, 270–71, 298, 332
troops, withdrawal of
debates, 275–76
Whig party in, 249, 274, 276–77, 280, 303, 308–09
on Hutchinson
preparations for, 27, 234, 276, 290–91, 309
on judges’ commissions, 113
on juries, unreliability of, 134
on justices of the peace
censure of, 107–08
commission, reform of, 6, 111–14
new appointments, 111–14, 144–46, 165
responsibilities of, 98
in Whig party, 145
on law
disallowance of, 112
enforcement of, 70, 93, 97, 112, 267
and treason, 272
and libel, prosecutions for, 177, 251
on Oliver, A., mistreatment by Council, 88
on opposition to, 225, 274, 276
press, favors restrictions on, 25
on Province Charter (1691)
forfeiture of, 227
provisions of, 85, 87, 186, 277
“sacred,” 93
public finances, averts crisis in, 309
on support for
British intervention, dependent on, 159, 188, 236, 243, 284–85
decline in, 250, 269, 274, 280
dependent on reform of colonial government,186, 188
undermined by
Bernard Letters, 248
Council, 109
intimidation, 146
populism, 131
on weakness of, 108
GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS
See also Governor and Council
abuse of power, accused of
by House of Representatives, 300, 359–61
advisers, See also BERNARD, FRANCIS: GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS: cabinet council, advised by
mentioned 8, 140–41, 273n, 289,
American Board of Customs
Boston
retreat from, advises on, 140, 138–40
return to, advises on, 82, 91, 104–05, 335, 354
collusion with alleged, 19, 26, 318
“Concerted plan” to acquire troops, 4, 168, 316, 318, 337–38, 343
safety of, urges justices of the peace to ensure, 107
supports, 140
assembly
summoning of, reviews plans for, 161–62, 267–68
Barrington, aided by, 102, 118, 150–51, 181, 204–05, 235, 240–41, 281
Boston
absent from, 68, 222–23, 265–66
attends meetings in, 68, 70, 109, 128, 222–23, 283
leaves, 225
on Boston
friends in, 209
on Boston faction
and crowd action, 96
investigates treasonable activities of, 271–72
leaders and printers of, urges arrest of, 173
at Manufactory House, 96–97
on Boston Gazette, printers of,
prosecution of, recommends, 8, 25, 173–74, 176–77, 209
on Boston selectmen
disparages, 215–16
impeachment of, 194
negotiations with, 65
sedition of, 18, 165, 194, 197–98, 272
Whig party, influenced by, 215, 267
on Boston town meeting
(12 Sept. 1768), proceedings of, 9, 18, 85, 104, 117, 272
and Convention of Towns, 122, 164
and Liberty riot, 119
Bowdoin, accusations of, refutes, 128–29
cabinet council, advised by, 138–41, 164, 188, 271
as “Civil Magistrate,” 197
conduct as
British government, approved by, 13, 16, 85, 116, 119–20, 142–43, 229, 231–32, 240, 281
defends, 162
Hillsborough, approved by, 9, 31, 85, 116, 118, 232, 348
justifies, 125
king, approved by, 7, 85, 116, 154, 232, 240
Parliament, debated in, 2, 9, 16–19
Pownall, J., approved by, 119
Council
and tactical veto, 251
loses confidence of, 347
Crown, authority of, defends, 93, 122, 135, 187, 209–10, 229, 293–94
Dalrymple, complaint by, considers, 222–24
departure, 34–35
arrangements for, 252, 258, 262, 283–84, 299, 310
Hillsborough, discusses with, 252, 259, 299
preparations for, 27–28, 35, 259, 283, 299, 304
Gage, criticized by, 287
and Hancock, pursuit of, 5–7, 137
Hutchinson
as adviser and confidant, 103, 109, 156, 213, 303
differences of opinion, 27, 291
misunderstandings with, 291
relationship with, about, 27
as successor, 33, 232, 234–35, 290–91
on “illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” investigation of
evidence, problems in acquiring, 164, 226
lack of progress, 164–65
impeachment and removal, petition for, dismissed, 38
income as, 199
on informers, 156
Whig party, used against, 134, 164, 166–73, 177
instructions as
assembly
not to summon, 85, 103, 161, 205
Circular Letter, rescinding of, 59n
General Court
removal of, respecting, 163n, 203, 234
summoning of, 234
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” to investigate, 8, 115, 204, 208
leave of absence, suspending, 93, 102, 125, 223
Liberty riot, to investigate, 2, 6, 8, 204, 208
official correspondence, communication to assemblies, concerning, 177
parliamentary authority, concerning, 153
province magistracy, reform of, 6, 114
recall, 234
receipt of, acknowledges, 161, 164, 253
requests, 87
Townshend duties, partial repeal of, 263–65
treason, to investigate, 8, 28, 204, 207–09, 228
Parliament, proposed by, 12
troops, deployment of, 72, 83, 329
justice of the peace
obstructions by, 98
commission, reform of, 112
as king’s representative, 20, 64, 125, 199, 209, 275, 299, 346, 362
law officers, reviews effectiveness of, 136–37
leave of absence
advised to postpone, 102, 120, 150
plans to take, 199, 205–06, 237
suspends, 125–26
libel, accused of, 58n
on Liberty riot, 119
misconduct, accused of, 336
by Council, 4, 316–17, 318, 337–38, 343, 351n
by House of Representatives, 300, 358–62
troops, in acquiring, 13–14, 32
“unmanly dissimulation,” 337
misrepresentation, accused of, 20, 36, 129, 174, 214–15, 300
by Adams, S. and Boston town meeting, 37, 58n
by Boston selectmen, 21, 196–98, 215
by Boston town meeting, 58n
by Bowdoin, 25–26, 128–30, 324–28
by Council, 129, 316–17, 328–52, 354, 360
by DeBerdt, 29
evidence respecting, 2
by House of Representatives, 153, 300, 360, 358–62
neglect of duty, refutes allegations of, 222–23
negligence, apologizes for, 71
on parliamentary authority, duty to enforce, 236, 305
patronage, exercises, 136, 155, 224
as politician, British expectations of, 2, 8
popular resentment of, 26, 34, 246, 248, 347
on province magistracy, reform of, 111–14
and Quartering Act
contravention of, 101n
on provisions of, 99
approved, 154, 203, 234–35, 240
desires, 126, 200, 205, 241, 246, 249
not a “Disgrace,” 262
orders for received, 258
royal command for, 234, 258, 262
urged by his critics, 19
relocation of
options offered for, 151
options, considers, 94, 125, 181, 227–28, 241, 246, 281
reconsiders, 92
replaced, 362
resignation, 232
return as, not expected, 33
on salary of, 93
servants of, 291
Sewall
criticized by, 244
disappointed by, 6, 135, 166n, 273n
loyalty of, doubts, 6–7, 135, 137, 225, 273n
Venner misleads, 156
Sewall, relationship with
as advocate general, 154–56
as attorney general, 100n, 110, 135–36, 141
cabinet council, excludes him from, 225, 273n
Vice Admiralty, as judge of, 224
speeches and messages to assembly
standing legal counsel, proposes, 136
and treason, investigation of
evidence collected, 153, 168, 271–72
evidence, problems in acquiring, 2, 208–09, 226, 228
opposition to his involvement in, 17
on treason, investigation of, 271–73, 273n
evidence acquired inconclusive, 28, 173, 194, 251, 260, 272
evidence of, 237
evidence, lacks, 173, 226, 251, 259–60, 272
on Venner, 156
GREAT BRITAIN
on British politics, 242
on Crown
provincial commissions, power to supersede, recommends, 113
his critics in, 17–19, 35–36, 51, 177, 281, 362
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768)
expectations arising from, 7, 158–59
and Parliament
on American colonists, “indulgence” of, 130
on correspondence being presented to, 181
correspondence considered by, 16, 20, 29, 34–35
on disrespect to, 262
intervention of
urges, 269
proceedings of
awaits news of, 242
discusses, 259–60
views on, 14
resolutions of
disappointment with, 160, 226, 236–37, 260
expectations concerning, 126, 158–59
sedition, allegations of, considered by, 16–19
on Suffragan Bishops Act (1534), 147
IMPERIAL CRISIS
on American rights, 121, 131, 135, 308
Americans, on grievances of
as “Demands,” 121
British Empire, “Dissolution” of, fears, 236
colonial government, reform of, and
cabinet, his ideas discussed in, 10, 154, 204
on colonial government, reform of
colonial barons, 187
disqualification from office, 142
“future Connexion,” 141
opportunity for, 159, 188, 243
and parliamentary supremacy, 122
cabinet, discussed in, 154
royal Council, 8, 25, 27, 93, 109, 113, 120, 122, 181–82, 185–88, 191, 195, 199–200, 203, 226–27, 269–70, 339, 341
royal upper house, 186–87
and sovereignty, 187
support for, 10
urgency of, 92–93
colonists, on prospective trials of
England as venue, favors, 14, 28, 177
on compromise, prospect of
American Colonies require to make concessions, 122
non-introduction of, 93, 135, 227, 250
as political tool, 93, 135, 226
Parliament, American Representation in, advocates, 94, 236
on parliamentary authority
arguments undermining, 131, 204
defenders of, 211, 243, 274, 285
legislative supremacy denied, 297–98, 305
opposition to, 274
vindication of, 93
parliamentary intervention, urges, 122, 237, 297
on parliamentary taxation
all taxes, and repeal of, 121
compromise unlikely, 121
exemptions claimed, 128, 297–98
“external” and “internal” taxes, 298
grievances concerning, 121
on reconciliation, prospect of, 121
on royal authority
challenges to, 87, 112–13, 145, 187, 227, 274
extension of, 14, 136, 187, 195, 339, 341
weakness of, 226–27
on sovereignty, 32, 186–87, 237, 284
LIBERTY RIOT
accounts of
Council, reviewed by, 134, 315–16, 338, 350n
Parliament, read in, 16
on aftermath of, 19
inciting, accused of, 316
on investigation into, abandonment of, 134
OPINIONS
abduction and assassination, fears, 206
on Adams, S., writings of, 215
American Colonies, “exorbitant Pretensions” of, 122
on Auchmuty, 164
on Boston faction
aims of, 305
“desperate” leaders, 164
“Impudence Folly & Invidiousness,” 215
“Madness” of leaders, 159
opportunities to “crush,” 141
on Boston Gazette
influence of, 243
libels in, 210–13
printers of, 8, 173, 209, 238n, 248
radicalism of, 349n
on Bowdoin
Council
as leader in, 3, 36, 87, 89, 128, 175, 251, 280
papers of, drafts, 133, 246, 277
on Brattle, 280
on civil disorder, 122, 187, 236, 267, 294
on civil order, 121
on common talk, 2, 69, 121, 212, 247, 256, 262, 309
“Country People” discomfited by radicalism, 199
on Danforth, regrets of, 131
on freedom of speech, 180
government, “contempt” for, 84
Grenville, “Respect” for, 212
on Hawley and Otis, 275
humor, 326
on Hutchinson, 27
on independence of, prospect of, 94
insurrection “intended,” 198
on insurrection plots, 164, 198, 200, 205, 251, 272
on loyalty, 284
on newspaper libels, 9, 87, 129, 176, 199–200, 205, 211–13, 239, 243–44, 285, 309–10
on Otis Jr.
“perfectly tame,” 75
on parliamentary taxation
revenue “drawn” from colonies, 128, 326, 341
revenue raised, 326
on Paxton, 155
people, the
“respectable” sort, 185
poor, as “scum,” 97
on popular power, 256
on Pownall, T., 200
on rebellion, prospect of, 18
“Republic,” Massachusetts as, 93, 227
revolt, fears, 13
on sedition
evidence concerning, 226
his allegations of, 2, 18, 21, 69, 75, 104, 164–66, 173–74, 176, 182, 194, 198, 216, 272
“seditious Spirit,” 162
on Sewall
American Board of Customs,
and his dispute with, 154–58
complaints by, unaware of, 154
on Sons of Liberty, boldness of, 262
on Temple
American Board of Customs, estrangement from, 200, 206
as libel, author of, 9, 199–200, 205, 209–13, 219, 243–44
removal from office, recommends, 206
and rumors of FB’s removal, 285
Whig party, association with, 9, 200, 206, 211, 244
on Townshend
“striking at the Root of the American Disorders,” 250
PERSONAL AFFAIRS
baronetcy
awarded, 146n
accepts, 180, 205, 230, 232, 252–55
king approves, 28
patent for
cost of, anxieties concerning, 205
offer of, Barrington conveys, 229, 234
business agents, 230
children, about, 5
country house and estate (Jamaica Farm), 65, 68, 128, 222, 266
happiness of, 203
health of, 5, 93–94, 125, 181, 222
on land grants, 126
on marital relations and family life, 5, 94
New Jersey, fondness for, 94
portrait of, iv
POLITICS
on Adams and Otis, 32, 75, 280
and Adams, S., 8, 28, 36, 218n
and “B. W.” affair, 218
on baronetcy, as political tool, 250
on Boston representatives
influence of, 277
and “Candidus,” authorship of, 124n, 244
on Convention of Towns
boldly confronts, 75, 199, 205
deputies’ distrust of, 75
dispersal of, orders, 75, 76n, 199, 201n
as illegal combination, 75, 112, 194, 197
proceedings of, 75, 85, 123, 166
“moderation” of, 75
“Resentment,” will provoke, 122
sedition of, 75, 164–66, 198, 200, 205, 272
as “shadow,” 120
on Flucker, 210
friends of government
appeals to, 89
on Council, exclusion from, 131, 285
Council, restoration to, proposes, 8, 186, 188
on decline of, 274
in House of Representatives, 250, 274, 280
on low morale of, 146, 236, 269, 284–85
and magistracy, reform of, 114, 145
views of, reports, 122, 144–45, 158–59, 236, 243, 274, 285
on intimidation, tactics of, 97, 146, 210, 284, 311
on nonimportation movement, 256–57, 289, 292
on Otis family, rivalry with Hutchinson, 206
Otis Jr., discusses forgery with, 199
on Otis Jr.
and friends of government, 285
Hawley, disagreement with, 275
on patronage
as political tool, 113–14, 135–36, 187, 224, 312
“Punishments & Rewards” efficacy of, 93
on political campaigning, 210, 274
on political writing
anti-British, 239
anti-government, 173–79, 210–11, 216–18, 237, 239, 242–45
malevolence of, 239
pro-government, 243
on popular power in, 227
on “rescinders,” 274
on Sons of Liberty, 96, 112–13, 134, 181, 199, 237, 249, 256, 260, 262, 269, 292, See also BERNARD, FRANCIS: POLITICS: Whig party, on
reported, 18
Temple, libels by, 209–14
and Whig party
in House of Representatives, 188, 249, 272, 274, 276–77, 280, 303, 308–09
investigation of, 164, 173, 272
relationship with, 6, 8, 30, 123
on Whig party
ascendancy of, 32, 226, 274, 276, 280, 284, 305
and Boston Gazette, management of, 173, 213
Council, influence in, 3, 185–86, 251, 258, 267, 269, 277, 280
defiant attitudes of, 277
disqualification from office, recommends, 226
divisions among, 164
divisions in, 307
in House of Representatives, 305
internal disputes, 275
and lawyers, 225
leadership of, 159, 164, 272, 277, 280, 284
members of, approaches, 137
political campaigning, 274–75, 280, 284–85, 309
punishment of leaders, recommends, 226
social basis, 105
SOCIETY
on Carver’s Travels, 220n
and Winthrop’s abortive expedition, 219–21, 232–33
STAMP ACT CRISIS
on British response to, 42
TOWNSHEND DUTIES
on American revenue act
Crown civil list, praises provision for, 92, 250
repeal of, 14
arguments for, 121–22
civil list, favors continuation of, 92–93, 227, 250
government officials, will depress, 93
as political error, 93
on American revenue acts, opposition to, 121, 297, 305
Navigation Acts, repeal of, arguments for, 297, 305
opposition to, “fashionable,” 250
on trade laws, enforcement of, 93, 136, 206
WRITINGS
on colonial government, reform of, (not found), 141
king, petition to, mentioned, 92, 95n
Letters to the Ministry (1st ed.)
Dorr’s copy, 37
lists of councilors, 188–92
about, 8
“Plan for an American Bishop,” 146–50
cited, 149n
Select Letters (1774)
publishing history, xxv
“supplement” on the American Board of Customs, 160
“The Principles of Law and Polity” (1764), cited, xxv
Bernard Letters. See under BERNARD, FRANCIS: BERNARD LETTERS
Bernard, Amelia (née Offley)
Barrington sends compliments to, 281
Barrington, sends compliments to, 94, 228, 260
England, returning to, delays, 282
as FB’s “greatest Comfort,” 94
health of, 94
marriage, state of, 94
as wife and mother, 5
Bernard, John (son)
as justice of the peace, 166n
Bernard, Thomas (son)
clerk, as father’s, 5, 43, 95n, 176, 205, 206n, 228n
papers in handwriting of, 65, 85, 91, 95, 117, 122, 127, 143, 149, 153, 160, 165, 172, 191, 200, 206, 208, 213, 218, 221, 223, 225, 228, 237, 242, 244, 246, 249, 251, 255, 259, 265, 270, 280, 284, 286, 289, 291, 304–05
Berwick, Maine, 106n
Bill of Rights (1689), 303n
Bishops, 146–50
Blackbourne, Leverett
Barrington, advises, 230
Beresford, advises, 230
and FB’s leave of absence, 241
identified, 231n
Bliss, Jonathan, 278n
Board of Trade
clerks of, 41
FB, correspondence with, about, 42
Hillsborough, letters to FB from, considers, 136, 146, 162, 165, 174, 188, 253, 268, 273, 278, 293, 299, 310
in-letters, filing system, 42
secretary of state, letters from, 42
secretary to, mentioned, 127n, See also Pownall, John
Bollan, William
American Board of Customs, memorials of
acquires copies of, 56n
seeks copies of, 31
American policy of, as critic of, 15
Americans, as friend to, 16, 20, 29, 35, 38
anonymity sacrificed, 25
Appeal to the World
and, 37
Boston sends, 58n
Beckford, requests assistance of, 34
Bernard Letters
on acquisition of, 22, 34–35, 58n, 59n
acquisition of, role in, 14–16, 20–22, 25–26, 29–32, 51n, 322
Boston selectmen, should be shown to, 57n
Boston, transmits to, xxiv, 25, 35–36, 175, 245, 246n, 248, 249n, 300, 322, 329, 347, 348n, 350n
contents of, considers, 29, 34–35
Council requests copies, 35, 56n
examination of, proposes, 26, 36
publication of
advises against, 36
unaware of, 21
transcripts of, supplied with, 22, 53n, 58n
British government, American policy of, as critic of, 20
career of, 51n
Council
letters from, cited, 130n, 133n
petitions to Parliament from
presentation of, arranges, 15–16, 129, 133, 323n
views on, 15
as Council agent, xxiv
British politics, advises on, 29, 36
invitation to act, 8, 15, 51n, 129
mentioned, 53n
salary grant, refused, 52n
Danforth
Bernard Letters, sends, xxiv, 25, 36, 246n, 248, 249n, 322, 347
letters from
letters to, 319–24
about, 20
cited, 15–16, 37, 52n, 53n, 54n, 56n, 57n, 59n, 130, 154n, 178n, 246n, 248n, 249n, 322n, 347, 352n
published, 37
received, 322
DeBerdt, relationship with, 29
FB as governor
conduct of, parliamentary inquiry into, favors, 36
grievances against, 14–15
on mispresentations by, 16
views on, 35
FB’s correspondence
on influence of, 16
unfamiliar with, 20
financial problems of, 52n
Hillsborough
Bernard Letters, unaware of his acquisition of, 348
censured by, 37
Council, letters from
advises against publication, 35
delivers, 30
as critic of, 36
FB, his correspondence with, requests copies of, 31, 348
influence of waning, thinks, 31, 348
meeting with, 31, 34, 56n, 347
House of Commons, petition to
as enclosure, 322
mentioned, 260
presents, 16
printed, 261n
Parliament
on proceedings of, 320–22
Pownall, T.
FB, shares his dislike of, 29
rivalry with, 29
suspicions about, 30
as Shirley, supporter of, 29
and Townshend duties, motion to repeal, 29–30, 55n
treason trials
legal basis of, challenges, 323n
prospect of, condemns, 15–16, 144
Whigs enlist support of, 14–15, 21, 38
writings of, 51n
Boston
Albany, road to, 126
American Board of Customs
endangered in, 139
return of to, 81, 103, 105, 106n, 110, 139–40, 318, 335, 354
Anglicans of, 219n
assembly, convening of
at, 252n, 253, 265, 267, 268n, 270, 274
away from, 162, 203, 234, 251, 289, 290n
batteries of, 34
Bernard Letters
published in, xxiv, xxv, 54n, 57n, 182, 246, 362
boundaries of, 4, 63, 71, 100, 330–31, 344
British critics of, 170n
British government, views of, 36, 38, 49n, 153–54, 160, 174, 195, 343
and British politics, 9
British troops
arrival of, anticipated, 78n, 329
civilians, relations with, 146, 217
deployment of, 3–4, 10–11, 32, 84, 175, 293–94, 303, 317, 329
protests against, 71
landing of, 1, 63–64, 66, 68n, 69, 79, 83, 93, 120, 171n, 222–23, 344
engraving of, 66
ordered to, 9, 39, 59n, 72, 82n, 83, 329
plans to bring, 4, 9, 13–14, 24, 32, 76n, 77, 78n, 300, 318, 350n
quartered in, 4, 63, 68–69, 71–73, 80, 84, 96, 98–100, 121, 150, 229, 231n, 267, 270–71, 310n, 329, 331–32, 333–34, 335, 343–44, 348n, 349n, 360
on Boston Common, 74
reduction of, 297
resistance to, feared, 13, 123, 171n, 172, 195
resourcing of, 289
retention of, 303–04
troop transports arrive, 69
withdrawal of, 32, 105, 266–67, 268n, 276, 282, 287–89, 293–94, 296, 302n, 307, 317
completed, 304n
Council requests, 317
government opinions concerning, 288–89
House of Representatives requests, 295
proposed, 282–83, 285, 291–93, 293–95
suspended, 286–88
withdrawn from, 304n
Church of England in, 149
civil order in, 10, 13, 85, 108, 121, 153, 157n, 197, 204n, 294, 360
Council records in, xxiii
councilors
living in or near, 4, 162, 186, 285, 315, 354
crowd action in, 26, 106n, 112, 134, 164, 215, 315–17, 336–37, 343
“Disobedience” of, 9, 11, 196, 200, 215, 229
disposition of, 354
“Faction” in. See under Boston Faction
FB
absent from, 5, 222–23, 265–66
attends meetings in, 70, 109, 128, 222–23
leaves, 225
retreats from, 65, 68, 222, 266
revises plans to leave, 102, 120, 125, 150
FB’s enemies in, 175, 177, 232
friends of government in, 172, 209, 285, 293
happiness of, 317
Hillsborough, censured by, 107
inhabitants of, 3, 63, 65, 195
juries in, integrity of, 302n
justices of the peace of, 107, 267
and king, 343
in king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), 9, 11, 117, 160
latitude of, 126
lower orders of, 317
loyalty of, 197
magistrates, 18, 300, See also Justices of the Peace of Boston:
mail to and from, 18, 20–22, 24, 26, 31, 35, 64, 70, 130n, 158, 160, 175, 194, 199, 232, 243, 248, 254, 257, 258n, 265–66, 273, 278, 290, 296, 299, 304, See also under Mail
markets of, 121
members of Parliament, views of, concerning, 17–20, 36, 174, 261n, 273n
merchants of, 5, 89, 114n, 219n, 256, 373n
military occupation of, 54n, 138, 195, 197, 217n, 265–66, 294, 300, 306n, 343
misrepresentations of, 13, 37, 58n, 82n, 178n, 197–98, 215, 316–17, 337, 350n
newspapers of, 137, 163n, 170n, 182, 211, 224n, 330, See under Newspapers: Boston, printed in, See also entries by title
and nonimportation movement, 257–58n, See under Nonimportation
pamphlets published in, 37–38
Parliament
censured by, 320
resolutions of, concerning, 11, 12, 20, 143–44, 153, 196, 207n, 260, 261n, 300
people of, 63, 65, 97, 172, 195
politics of, 2–6, 23–29, 32–33, 35–38
popular opinion in, 2
popular power in, 97, 172, 195, 256
population of, 1
public buildings, 2–3, 73, 83, 96, 333
radicalism in, 1, 168, 171, 239
reputation of, 108, 256, 315, 336, 343
revolt in
revolt in (1689), 310n
Royal Navy, movements in and out of, 65, 67, 69
seizures at. See under Seizures: Boston, at
selectmen of. See under Boston Selectmen
Sons of Liberty in. See under Sons of Liberty: Boston, of
Stamp Act riots, and. See under Stamp Act Riots, Boston (1765)
“state” of, 5, 13, 82n, 85, 103–04, 106n, 196–97, 315, 317
tax collectors, 172
trade of, 256
treason in, 17–18
treason trials in, proposed, 28, 194
Vice Admiralty Court at, 166n, 225
vindication of, 37
Whig party. See under Whig Party, See under Boston Faction
Boston Chronicle
Bernard Letters, prints, 54n
cited, 54n, 57n, 70n, 77n, 82n, 101n, 106n, 109n, 133n, 149n, 178n, 183n, 238n
Cushing, letter to DeBerdt from, prints, 76n
as enclosure, 280
Grenville’s speech, summarizes, 207n
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 160n
Parliament, proceedings of, summarizes, 207n
Boston Common, 1–23, 65, 73n, 74
watercolor of, 74
Boston Evening-Post
Bernard Letters, prints, 218n
listed, 363
cited, 57n, 68n, 82n, 89n, 100n, 124n, 303n
Council, address to Gage from, prints, 318
on FB’s baronetcy, 55n
Grenville’s speech, reports, 170n
House of Representatives, resolves of, prints, 301n, 306n
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 160n
Letters to the Ministry, advertises, xxiv
London, letters from, prints extracts of, 201n, 306n
Rogers, letter by, 123
“To the Sons of Liberty,” 55n
Boston Faction. See also under Whig Party
and Bernard Letters, 21
British friends of, 201n
and British troops, quartering of, 96–97
divisions among, 164
FB, foment resentment of, 248
FB’s correspondence, print, 181, 246
House of Representatives
informers deployed against, 164
as justices of the peace, 145
opportunities to “crush,” 141
Parliament, resolutions of
parliamentary authority
defenders of, intimidate, 284
opposition to, 305
as political leaders, 49n, 90n
defiance of, 277
desperation of, 164
“Madness of,” 159
mentioned, 198n
punishment of, 226
radicalism of, 305
and Temple, 211
treasonable actions of investigated, 272
treasonable actions of, investigated, 271
on troops, withdrawal of, 31
writings of, 215
Boston Gazette
American newspapers, distributes “original Papers” to, 243
Bernard Letters
prints, 21, 24, 54n, 100, 106, 109, 114, 119, 129, 130n, 132, 175, 177, 197, 200–01, 247n, 348n
prints, listed, 364–65, 366–67
publication of, defers, 248
Boston town meeting proceedings (12 Sept. 1768), prints, 171n
“Bostonian” cited, 55n
“Candidus” cited, 245n
circulation, 176
cited, 54n, 56n, 77n, 89n, 101n, 106n, 114n, 133n, 178n, 303n
and colonial protest movement, 176
Council minutes (26 Sept. 1768), prints, 330
Council, proceedings of, prints
(23–26 Sept. 1768), 349n
(26 Oct. 1768), 216n
DeBerdt, letter to Cushing from, prints, 163n
as enclosure, 213, 216, 239, 244, 245n
file of newspapers (14 Aug. 1767–1769)
Board of Trade, considered by, 174
as enclosure, 174
Grenville, speech of, summarizes, 202n, 207n
House of Commons, resolutions of, prints, 144n, 183n, 238n
House of Representatives, resolves of, prints, 301n
“Hyperion,” about, 170n
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 117, 118n
libels, prints, 210, 213n, 209–14, 239, 243
London Gazetteer, extract from, 178n
London, letters from, prints, 160n, 207n
“Palinurus” mentioned, 214n
“Paoli”
Parliament
address to king from, prints, 209n
American correspondence presented to, lists, 248n
proceedings of, summarizes, 207n
“partisan” of, 243
“Paskalos” mentioned, 213n
“Philanthrop”
cited, 245n
mentioned, 245n
printers of, 8, 173, 174, 209, 238n, 248, See also Edes, Benjamin; Gill, John
“Protographos” cited, 54n
radicalism of, 349n
Seabury’s preface, prints, 219n
sedition in, 238n
“Son of Liberty” quoted, 240n
Toovey, deposition of, prints, 286n
treason in, 272
“Verres,” attack on, prints, 245n
Boston Harbor
Royal Navy ships in, 65, 68n, 81, 82n, 123n, 284n, 344, 350n, See also Boston: Royal Navy, movements in and out of
Boston Massacre (1770), 38, 193
Boston News-Letter
Convention of Towns, resolves of, prints, 76
as enclosure, 89
Boston Overseers of the Poor
deposition of, as enclosure, 347
Boston Packet (ship), 57
Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser
Board of Trade, considered by, 299
Bollan, petition to House of Commons from, prints, 261n
cited, 54n, 55n, 70n, 89n, 95n, 114n, 160n, 247n, 310n
Council, address to Gage from, prints, 106, 318
as enclosure, 106, 160, 299, 310
FB’s messages and speeches to House of Representatives, prints, 311n
mentioned, 169n
Parliament, presented to, 106
Boston Representatives. See also Boston Faction
Council, influence in, 277
and crowd action, 167
FB’s criticism of. See Boston Faction
identified, 49n
instructions to, 268n
Parliament, censured by, 320
Boston Selectmen
authority, exceed, 18, 165, 194
and Bernard Letters, 21, 27, 57n, 58n, 197–98, 214
Boston faction, under influence of, 198n, 215, 267
on Boston, “state” of, 197
Convention of Towns, summon, 18, 77n
Edes and Gill, censure, 176
FB
and, 58n
correspondence of, request, 198
meet with, 65
impeachment of, demanded, 194
about, 198
listed, 368–69
letters to
cited, 198n
listed, 368
Massachusetts towns, circular to
about, 77n
cited, 273n
as enclosure, 76
Parliament
not presented to, 77n
presented to, 273n
mentioned, 224n
and troops, quartering of, 3–4, 65, 98, 230n, 329, 349n
Boston Tea Party (1773), 137, 171n
Boston Town Meeting
(14 Jun. 1768)
Parliament, resolve of, concerning, 12
(12 Sept. 1768)
Adams discusses, 37
British cabinet considers, 117
discussed, 273n
FB’s reports on, 9, 18, 73n, 85, 103n, 117, 272
New York’s reaction to, 64
Parliament, resolve of, concerning, 12
as troops, justification for, 104
(13 Sept. 1768), 273n
(5 May 1769), 268n
Appeal to the World, adopts and publishes, 37, 58n
and Bernard Letters, 58n
and British ministers, 198, 214
British troops
rumors concerning, 1
withdrawal of, urges, 268n
and Convention of Towns, 75, 76n, 164–65, 171–72, 272, 273n
and Council, 36
FB
allegations by, refutes, 215
misrepresentations by, refutes, 214–15
removal of, petition for, 27
requests information from, 196–97
friends of government at, 172
letters to
cited, 120n
as enclosures, 106
Parliament, presented to, 106
as replies, 215
meeting places, 3
officials of, impeachment of, not proposed by Parliament, 196
proceedings of
Convention of Towns, respecting, 75–76, 122, 164, 273n
legality of, 215
“near to treason,” 273n
Parliament, considered by, 12, 16, 18, 196, 273n
radicalism of, 168, 171–72, 215
radicals in, 26
representatives, instructions to, 268
resolutions of
cited, 273n
Parliament, presented to, 273n
sedition of, 194
Townshend Acts, repeal of, advocates, 268n
votes and resolves
on Appeal to the World, 58
on Bernard Letters, 58n
as enclosures, 299
Whig party in, 267
Boston Weekly News-Letter
Boston town meeting, report by, prints, 58n
Convention of towns, resolves of, prints, 76n
Council minutes, prints, 89n
Council, address to Gage from, prints, 106n
as enclosure, 257
House of Commons Journals, prints extract from, 178n, 183n, 349n
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 160n
Letters to Hillsborough, advertises, xxiv
merchants’ meetings, reports, 257
Boswell, James
Account of Corsica (1769), 202n
Botetourt, Lord
and Amherst, 103n
as governor of Virginia
appointment, 102
arrival of, 284n
identified, 373n
letter to, listed, 368
“Promotion” of, 92
Boundary Disputes between Massachusetts and
New York, 179n
Bounties, 121
Bowdoin, Elizabeth, 49n, 89, 207
Bowdoin, James
Bernard Letters
plans response to, 24, 26, 248
and publication of, 175
received by, 322
and Bollan, 21
Council
disqualification from mentioned, 142
election to, vetoed, 270n, 275, 279n, 280n
influence in, about, 89, 90n, 179n
leader of, denies being, 327
leads opposition in, 87–90n, 128, 130, 141, 175, 270n, 280
minutes of meetings, personal file of, 90n
papers of
as co-signatory, 265–66, 268n, 318, 347
writes, 24–26, 89, 129, 133, 175, 246, 277, 347
petition to king from
discusses, 325
and FB’s misrepresentation of, 127–30
prayer of, clarifies meaning of, 326
records of, access to, 90n
and Erving, 90n
FB
conversations with, 325–27, 341
as enemy of, 3, 8, 21, 89, 129–30, 142, 175, 350n
letters to Hillsborough from, criticizes, 325–27
on misrepresentations of, xxiv, 25–26, 128–29, 324–28
Gage
letter to, cited, 221n
writes to, 220
Hillsborough, letters to, 324–28
cited, xxiv, 25–26, 89, 130, 175, 350n, 351n
received, 328
Hutchinson’s views on, 90n
identified, 49n
mentioned, 246n
papers of, about, 324n
politics of, 4
portrait of, 184
and Pownall, T., 29
Province Charter, revocation of, fears, 350n
reputation of, 25
Temple, connections with, 49n, 193, 200, 207n, 241n
transit of Venus, proposes expedition to observe, 221n, 233
Whig party, as leader of, 3, 36, 175, 251
wife of, 133n
and Winthrop, J., 221n
Bowers, Jerathmeel
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Bradbury, John
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 318
as councilor, 106n
Bradford, Gamaliel
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 318
as councilor, 106
Bradshaw, Thomas
Pownall, J., correspondence with, published, 57n
Temple, letters from, cited, 161n
Venner, letter to, cited, 158n
Braintree, Mass., 219n
Brattle Street Church, Boston, 312n
Brattle, William
Council
election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
leads opposition in, 270n, 280
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 347
British Army. See also Boston: British troops
106th Regiment of Foot, 53n
14th Regiment of Foot, 3, 56n, 65, 73, 304, 349n
16th Regiment of Foot, 271n, 304n
1st Regiment of Foot Guards, 65
29th Regiment of Foot, 3, 65, 68n, 73–74, 304, 349n
3rd Regiment of Foot, 78
3rd Regiment of Foot (Scots Guards), 78, 79n
48th Regiment of Foot, 68n
59th Regiment of Foot, 65, 69n
64th Regiment of Foot, 3, 56n, 123n, 283n, 292, 296–97, 303, 307
Boston, arrives in, 65
Boston, withdrawn from, 32, 304
65th Regiment of Foot, 3, 56n, 123n, 292
Boston, arrives in, 65
Boston, withdrawn from, 32, 304
artillery companies, 3, 65, 222, See also British Army: Royal Regiment of Artillery
and Boston Massacre (1770), 38
Boston, arrival in, 1, 123, 171n, 175, 329
Boston, deployment to, 39, 175, 204n, 306n
civil government, assistance to, provides, 78n
as deterrent, 294
mentioned, 72, 139, 270–71, 315
occupation, as army of, 32, 178n, 197
orders for, 39, 59n, 72, 82n, 83, 329
Chatham ministry, issued by, 9
purpose and function, 1, 12, 93, 140, 282, 297
Boston, land in, 1, 63–64, 66, 68n, 69, 79, 83, 93, 120, 171n, 222, 344
(1 Oct. 1768), 65
engraving of, 67
FB not present for, 5, 65, 222
FB’s account of, 222–23
with “dispatch & parade,” 79
resistance to, talk of, 172, 166–73
Boston, relations with inhabitants of, 71, 121, 146, 217, 231n, 343
Boston, withdrawal from, 203, 266, 268n, 287–89, 293–94, 296, 302n, 307, 317
64th Regiment, 297, 303–04, 307
65th Regiment, 304
government opinions concerning, 288–89, 292
House of Representatives requests, 276, 295
proposed, 32, 282–83, 285, 291–95
retention, plans for, 303–04
temporary relocation impractical, 267
commander in chief (North America), 3, 49n, 101n, 103n, 301n, 315, 331, See also Gage, Thomas
FB, officers critical of, 224
as “foreign Enemies,” 168–69
Ireland
regiments arrive from (c.14 Nov. 1768), 121
regiments expected from, 96
regiments leave (10 Sept. 1768), 77
Massachusetts, economy of, impact on, 121
mentioned, 266, 329, 333–34, 344–45
officers mentioned, 3, 64–65, 68–69, 70n, 72, 81, 83, 123n, 144, 214, 223, 230n, 245n, 261n, 283
quartering of, 72, 74, 231n, 267, 271n, 310n, 317, 348n, 349n
accommodation shortage, 84
accounts of expenditure
General Court, refused by, 289
prepared, 270–71
unsettled, 298
and civilian commissary, 80–81, 82n, 83, 99, 229
Crown, at expense of, 72, 84n, 98
in hired premises, 3–4, 65, 98–99, 114n, 121, 229
proceeds “quietly,” 150
legalistic problems with, 98–99, 267, 334, 360
in Manufactory House, attempted, 96–97, 329, 334
municipal officers, by, 98
obstructions to, 68–71, 79–84, 95–101
opposition to, king’s disappointment at, 142
preparations for, 63–68, 71–75
temporary accommodation found, 65, 70–71
in town and castle, 84, 96, 99–100, 329, 331–32, 333, 335, 360
in town of Boston, 63, 68–69, 71, 80, 96, 121, 271, 331
Royal Regiment of Artillery, 65, 282–83, 292, 295
sheriff, assists, 97
and St. George’s Fields Massacre, 78, 79n
British Coffee House
as “Crown” venue, 168
British Colonial Policy. See also Imperial Administration
about, 50n, 53n, 196n, 207n, 323n
American correspondence, respecting, 118–19
assembly, communications to, instructions respecting, 208
Boston, radicalism in, 9
and British troops, deployment of, 72
colonial attitudes to, 304–05
and colonial government, reform of, 154, 188, 203
conciliation in, 10–11, 20, 30, 251, 264
credibility of, 11, 15–16, 20, 31, 201, 232, 264, 362
critics of, 17
and Crown salaries, 251–52
FB, and
baronetcy awarded, 229, 232, 234
and FB’s conduct as governor, 7, 13, 16, 85, 116, 119–20, 142, 281
and FB’s correspondence, 2, 9–11, 16, 24, 85, 115, 118, 142, 153, 208
FB’s reflections on, 249–52
firmness in, 1, 7, 10, 203, 242
General Court, removal from Boston, instructions respecting, 163n, 203, 234
and governors, salaries of, 5, 92, 251–52
Grafton administration, of, 9–12, 16
deliberations on, 202–04
and Hillsborough, 10, 13, 31, 38, 154, 204, 264, 348
and Hutchinson, as acting governor, 234
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” investigations into, 8, 115, 117n, 204
legislation concerning, 85n, 229, 265n
Liberty riot, inquiry into, instructions respecting, 6, 204, 208
Massachusetts, radicalism in, 160
Parliament, debated in, 9, 12, 16–21, 153
and parliamentary authority, defense of, 116, 151, 203, 263
instructions respecting, 153
parliamentary critics of, 16–19, 153
and parliamentary taxation, principle of, 11, 30–31, 151, 263
policymaking, 56n
Pownall, J., views of, 202–04
representations, transmission of, respecting, 76, 115–16, 163n
revisions in, 30–31, 38, 229, 264
and Townshend duties, repeal of, 30–31, 38, 56n, 150–51, 263–64
and treason trials in England, 204
treason, investigations into, instructions respecting, 208–09
British Empire, 57, 116, 122, 180, 196, 236, 264, 301
“Dissolution” of, FB fears, 236
and Great Lakes, 220
growth of, 132
British Government. See also British Colonial Policy
American affairs
conciliation in, favors, 30, 123, 264
differences of opinions concerning, 304
interest in, 305
reviews, 9–10, 20, 85, 116–17, 150, 153, 160, 203–04, 226, 229, 251, 263
rhetoric in, 11
sources of information concerning, xxiii, 13–14, 20, 86, 129, 247
and American colonies, taxation of, 31
American policy. See under British Colonial Policy
and Bernard Letters, 35
and Bollan, 35–36
Boston
insurrection in, fears, 117, 123
rationale for sending troops to, 1–2, 9–10, 78n
rebellion in, fears, 9
cabinet
discussions in, 150
divisions in, 30
members of, 50n
mentioned, 9–11, 13, 30, 59n, 76, 85, 103n, 117, 142, 154, 163n, 166n, 182, 195, 203–04, 229, 230n, 242n, 251, 264, 348
and colonial civil list, 251–52, 252n
Colonial Department. See under Secretary of State (Colonial Department)
colonial government, ignorance of, 6
and colonial government, reform of, 10, 141, 154, 203–04
and colonial governors, salaries of, 5
colonial opposition, impatience with, 2, 11, 18
colonial policy. See under British Colonial Policy
and colonial radicals, censure of, 173, 309
colonists, considers prosecuting
rioters, 136
Whig leaders, 28
on Convention of Towns, as “unlawfull assembly,” 76
English opposition to, 214n
FB
awards baronetcy to, 234–35, 252
scapegoat, may, 17, 31, 38, 154, 201, 232, 362
FB’s conduct as governor, approves, 49n, 142–43, 229, 231–32
FB’s correspondence, considers, 1–2, 5, 8–10, 14, 16, 24, 41, 120, 142, 201
Boston town meeting (12 Sept. 1768), concerning, 9, 85, 103n, 117, 171n
as evidence, 2, 11–12, 18–20, 36, 39, 178
king, presents to, 208
Parliament
presents to, 142, 144, 153, 182
General Court, removal of, favors, 234
Hutchinson complains to, 291
Massachusetts, reimburses, 51n
Massachusetts, “state” of, discusses, 9, 115, 234
ministers
FB
ambivalent towards, 9
and, 207n
misled by, 13–14, 16, 20, 32, 36, 129, 174, 300, 360
mentioned, xxiii, 11, 13, 30, 50n, 56n, 102n, 123, 150–51, 153–54, 180, 306n, 308
perceptions of, 10, 13–14, 36, 103n, 171n, 174, 197–98, 214–15, 300
and Pownall, T., 56n
Northern Department. See under Secretary of State (Northern Department)
officials, appointment of, 60n
Parliament
defends policy in, 11–12, 17–18, 118–19
management of business in, 13
opposition in, 16, 20, 22, 171n, 206, 216
supporters in, 9, 11, 17–19, 22, 78, 323n, See also Barrington, Lord
and Wilkes, expulsion of, 78
and parliamentary debates, reporting of, 177
and Pownall, T., 200
prime minister, 9, 17, 30, 50n, 53n, 54n, 58n, 170n, 286n
records of, 175
Southern Department. See under Secretary of State (Southern Department)
and taxation of colonies, 261n
Townshend duties, repeal of
partial repeal of, intends, 263
and Virginia, governorship of, 103n
and Wilkes controversy, 195, 226, 238n, 242–43
British Politics
and American affairs, 2, 7, 9–20, 29–32, 34–36, 53, 59, 146, 153, 170, 195, 262, 264, 320–22, 324, 338, 348
American affairs, commentators on, 16–20, 29, 171n, 178n, 204, 323n, 324n
and Bollan, 35
crisis in, 1
debates in, 2, 150–51, 154, 195, 204
divisions in, 10
FB’s correspondence, impact of, 9, 11–12, 16, 20, 133, 144
general election (1768), 10, 196n
and Grafton administration, 232
libels in, 238n
mentioned, 8
politicians mentioned, 2
Brown, John
damages, sues for, 101n
Manufactory House, protests eviction from, 65, 100n
Brown, Thomas, 219
Bryant, John, 258n
identified, 253n
Buildings, 2–4, 63–65, 68, 70–71, 73n, 83, 97, 100, 101n, 144, 209n, 224n, 235n, 241n, 268n, 295, 329, 331, 333–34, See also Castle William
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 123n
Burch, Ann, 106n
Burch, William
as commissioner of Customs, 140, 188n
wife of, 105–06
Burke, Edmund
American affairs, as commentator on, 29, 53n
on American Declaratory Act (1766), 20
on American grievances, 324n
House of Commons, speech in, 17, 324
identified, 53n
Caesar, C. Julius, 201n
Cambridge University, 50n
Cambridge, Mass., 106n, 149, 155, 162, 163n, 233–34, 235n, 251, 267, 268n, 276–77, 289, 290n, 295–96
Camden, Lord
Hillsborough, criticizes, 264
“Candidus” (anti-government writer)
Caner, Henry
and “B. W.” letter, 218
England, travels to, 149
identified, 219n
mentioned, 149n
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 149, 150n
letter to, listed, 364
Carleton, Guy
identified, 373n
Carr, Maurice
identified, 68n
as regimental commander, 3, 65
Carter, John
mentioned, 237
identified, 221n
mentioned, 220
Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America (1778), 221n
Castle Island, Boston Harbor, 3, 63, 83, 271, 294, 331
Castle William
American Board of Customs at, 19, 91, 140, 316, 350n
attack on, rumors of, refuted, 18, 360
barracks at, 3, 56n, 79, 96–97, 100–01, 123n, 283, 304n, 305, 317, 329, 331, 333, 344, 349n, 352n, 361
and Boston, boundary of, 71, 100, 330–31
British regiments
deployed to, 84
ordered to, 317
quartering at, plans for, 4, 32, 56n, 79–80, 84, 96–97, 100, 283, 293–94, 317, 329–30, 333, 335, 344
Council meets at, 69
defenses of repaired, 352n
garrison at, authority over, 83
Governor and Council meet at, 68n, 70n, 331
HMS Romney stationed at, 316
Royal Navy ships anchor at, 222
Cavendish, Sir Henry
Debates of the House of Commons (1841)
cited, 51n, 52n, 53n, 79n, 144n, 196n, 238n, 323n, 324n
identified, 52n
Parliamentary debates, reports of, about, 16, 52n, 170n, 261n
Chadwick, Joseph
identified, 373n
letter from, listed, 372
as surveyor, 127n
Chalmers, George, 59n
Chandler, John
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
Chandler, Thomas Bradbury
and American episcopate, plans for, 149
An Appeal to the Public in Behalf of the Church of England in America (1767), 149, 150n
Chauncy, debates with, 149
The Appeal Defended, Or the Proposed American Episcopate Vindicated (1769), 149n
Charing Cross, London, 245n
Charles II, King, 50n
Charleston, S.C, 267
Charlestown, Mass., 106n
Chase, Thomas
identified, 171n
seditious views of, 168–69
Chatham Ministry
political support for, 306n
weakness of, 39
Chatham, Earl of. See also under Pitt, William
administration of, 1, 16, 22, 31, 39, 50, 251, See also Chatham Ministry
illness of, 54n
as prime minister, 9
supporters of, 11, 22, 54n, 306n, 323n
Chauncy, Charles
American episcopate, debates, 149, 218
Appeal to the Public Answered (1768), 149n
and “B. W.” letter, 218–19
Chief Justice of Massachusetts. See also Hutchinson, Thomas
and Crown salary, 252
mentioned, 100n, 167, 192, 252n
Children, 105
Chillingworth Foster, 278n
Chipping Wycombe, Eng., 323n
Christ Church, Oxford, iv
Church of England, 146–50
America, clergy in, 148–49
and American episcopate, 148–49, 219n
as minority church, 149
in New York, 218
Church, Benjamin
fears of, 171n
identified, 169n
on Parliamentary taxation, resitance to, 168
as political writer, 168, 169n, 171n, 179n
seditious views of, reported, 168, 177
Churchill, Charles, 261n
Churchill, John, 261n
Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero), 201n
Circular Letter, Massachusetts
controversy over, 171n
first motion for, rejection of, 39, 59n
Parliament denounces, 11
radicalism of, 11
rescinding of, 39, 59n, 171n, 175, 342
Cive (Hobbes), 178
Civil Disorder, 1, 10–13, 26, 76n, 122, 138n, 187, 193, 196, 204n, 209n, 214–15, 236, 267, 294, 300, 315–18, 343, 345, 350n, 355–56, 360, See also Sedition; Crowd Action
Civil List. See also Crown: salaries
Townshend’s plan for, FB approves, 92
Clergy, 148
Clergymen, 149, 160n, 201n, 218, 221n
Clerk no. 3
and Bernard Letters, 176
papers in handwriting of, 110
Clerk no. 9
papers in handwriting of, 247, 263
Climate, 94, 125, 157n, 181, 227
Cockle, James
dismissal of, 286n
identified, 373n
letter to, listed, 372
Coffin, Nathaniel
Cushing, conversation with, reports, 164, 166n
as customs officer, 172
declaration of, 171–73
Board of Trade, considered by, 165
identified, 172
as informer, 172–73
politics of, 172
Steuart, letter to, cited, 173n
Coffin, William
as justice of the peace, 145–46
as Son of Liberty, 172
Collection of Interesting, Authentic Papers, relative to the Dispute between Great Britain and America (John Almon), 59n
Colonial Society of Massachusetts, xv
Commander in Chief (North America), 3, 49n, 101n, 103n, 301n, 315, 331, See also Gage, Thomas
Commissions
judicial, 340
provincial, 106n, 111–14, 136, 145
renewal of, 311–12
royal, 12, 16, 18, 28, 91, 99, 112–14, 139–40, 144, 147, 206, 224–25, 261n, 340, 350
Communications. See Mail
Connecticut
mentioned, 94
and nonimportation, 257
as “republic,” 227
Connecticut Gazette, 284n
Convention of Towns
Cushing approves of, 166n, 172
DeBerdt approves of, 160, 161n, 164
DeBerdt, letter to
about, 76
quoted, 77
disperse, refuses to, 18, 76n, 201n
FB, expectations of, 76n
on FB, mispresentations by, 77n
and FB’s response to, 76n
historical analogies for, 311n
as inconsequential combination, 120
king, petition to
about, 76n
DeBerdt, sent to, 76n
mentioned, 132
letters from
published, 76
quoted, 77n
letters to
meeting of, 273n
moderates in, 172
Parliament
“Resentment” of, feared, 122
proceedings of, 75
resolves of
about, 76n
as enclosure, 76
“moderation” of, 75
quoted, 76n
summary of, 76n
sedition of, 164–66, 198, 200, 205, 272
summoning of, 75, 77n, 112, 194, 197, 273n
as unlawful assembly, 76, 201n
Conway, Henry Seymour
letters to
cited, 362n
filed, 41
Cooper, Samuel, 312n
Pownall, T., correspondence with, 201n
Cooper, William
as Boston town clerk, 312n
provincial office, unsuitability for, 311–12
Copies of Letters from Governor Bernard to Hillsborough (1769)
cited, xxiv, 100, 106, 109, 114, 129, 132, 246, 249, 358, 362
listed, 364–67
Copley, John Singleton
FB, portrait of, iv
Copy of Letters Sent to Great-Britain, by His Excellency Thomas Hutchinson, the Hon. Andrew Oliver, and Several Other Persons (1773), 348n
Corbet, Michael
trial of, 302n
Corner, John
letters to, cited, 252n
Cornwall, Charles
House of Commons, speech in, 17
identified, 52n
Cornwallis, Frederick
as archbishop of Canterbury, 150n, 373n
letter to, listed, 373
Corporations, 98
Corsica, 200–01
Cotton, John
as deputy province secretary, 330
as register of probate, 311–12
Council. See also Governor and Council; Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives)
address from (14 May 1769), 268n
as enclosure, 265–66
FB comments on, 266–67
Gage, transmitted to, 265–66
Hillsborough, transmitted to, 269
received, 266
advice and consent of
American Board of Customs, return of, respecting, 350n
British troops, quartering of, respecting, 328–52
as constitutional requirement, 294
FB demands, 346
FB does not seek, 288, 292, 294
FB seeks, 125
offices, appointments to and removal from, required for, 114, 135–36
agent of. See also Bollan, William
business of, 14
FB refuses to recognize, 14
Hillsborough meets, 31
and House agent, 29
information from, 20
and Pownall, T., 29
American Board of Customs
on “Concerted plan” of, to obtain British troops, 316, 336–37, 343, 350n
conspiracy of, suspicions concerning, 4, 105, 316, 350n
on misrepresentations of, 26, 315–16, 318, 350n
representations of, considers, 104
retreat of planned, claims, 316, 336
return of, advise on, 91, 103–04, 106n, 216n
American revenue acts, repeal of, advocates, 15, 20, 29, 31, 129, 204n
and Andros, revolt against, 310n
answers to FB’s messages and speeches
(28 May 1768), 179n
Bernard Letters
Bollan sends, 21, 35, 39, 247–48, 329
prints, 248
proceedings discussed in, 8, 15, 38, 59n, 182
publishes, xxiv, 24–26, 245, 249
receives, 52n
requests more transcripts, 26, 30–31, 34
responds to criticism in, 24–26, 30, 35–36, 248, 348n, 328–52
reviews contents of, 348n, 328–52
Bollan
advised by, 35–36, 133, See also Bollan, William: Danforth, letters to
appointed agent of, 51n
instructs, 129
Boston selectmen
and, 98
confers with, 329
Boston, influenced by, 267, 277
Boston, removal from, 268
and Bowdoin, 3, 21, 87–90n, 128–29, 142, 175, 241n, 327
Bowdoin, leadership by, 3, 36, 175, 251
British troops, provisions for
sets conditions, 80–81
British troops, quartering of
commissary for, refuses to appoint, 99
Dalrymple explains orders respecting, 63–64, 69
debates concerning, account of, 328–52
in Manufactory House, approves, 96
in Manufactory House, considers, 96, 98, 101n, 329–31, 333–34
objects to, 3–4, 8, 13, 63–70, 72, 80–81, 83–84, 95–101, 142, 229, 329–35
opposition to, justifies, 329–35
refuses to provide for, 64, 68–69
responsibilities respecting, 71, 230n, 288, 328–52
“undutiful Behaviour of,” 64
British troops, withdrawal of
advice not requested, 288, 292, 294
advice respecting, 288
advocate, 83
opinions respecting, 286–87, 292
request, 265–67
Castle William in town of Boston, declare, 71
censure of, 142–43
on constitutional theory, 351n
councilors
Boston, living out of, 106n
conduct of, 185
discussions reported, 326
election of vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
FB consults with privately, 128
on FB’s anecdotes concerning, 339
FB’s removal, predict, 246
Gage criticizes, 3
identified, 49n, 133n, 190n, 268n, 270n, 319n, 352n
intimidation of, 108
as justices of the peace, 145
lists of, 106n, 188–89, 190n, 191–92
mentioned, 210
motivation of, 269
politics of, 133n, 141, 185, 269, 280n, 339
views of, expressed, 83, 106n, 108, 132
British troops, deployment of, cannot justify, 315, 343
Dalrymple attends meetings of, 63–64, 69, 79, 331–32
Dalrymple requests provisions from, 79–80, 331–32
“Delinquency” in, 269
elected councilors, FB vetoes, 32, 269, 275, 280, 362n
elections to
mentioned, 207n
procedures for, 190n, 267, 269, 319n, 352n
FB
circumvents, 15
his baronetcy, avoid public congratulations, 258–59
his conspiracy to bring British troops, suspicions concerning, 4, 35, 317, 337, 350n
impeachment of, threaten, 351n
misrepresentations of, refute, 26, 315–16, 318, 352–58
misrepresented by, 300
opposes, 4–5, 86–88, 153, 161, 188, 206, 246, 249, 251, 259, 267, 269, 270n
on FB as governor
and abuse of power, 359–61
“wanton Exercise of Power,” 353–54
“dictatorial” behavior, 332
“false Representations,” 360
misconduct of, 347
FB lacks support in, 109, 164, 254, 318
FB requests instructions respecting, 87
FB, praises, 179n
friends of government
restoration of, proposed, 185–86
Whig campaign to exclude, 274–75, 280, 284–85
Gage attends meeting of, 96
Gage, address to, 315–19
cited, 4, 106, 123, 146n, 352n
FB’s observations on, 104–05, 337
Parliament, presented to, 106, 318
prepares and presents, 104
received, 318
reply to, 318
Gage, letters from, cited, 319n
Gage, letters to FB from, discusses, 317
on Gage, misinformed by FB, 317
Gage, requests
to inquire into “disorders,” 317
to withdraw British troops to Castle William, 317
“good humour” of, 108
government officials, restoration of, proposed, 144, 185–86
Greenleaf, legal costs of, decline to assist with, 101n
happiness of, 346
Hillsborough, censured by, 85, 142
Hillsborough, letters to, 328–52
Bollan, transmitted by, 347
cited, xxiv, 24–26, 30, 34, 36, 89, 100n, 106n, 109n, 133n, 175, 249n, 279n, 301n, 357n
content of, about, 25–26
despatched, 296
as enclosure, 347
FB unable to comment on, 357
mentioned, 34
preparation of, 277–78
published, 26, 35–36, 56n, 357
received, 357
Hillsborough, letters to FB from
discusses and criticizes, 129, 317, 328–52
presented to, 103, 107, 128, 162, 258
“Remarks” on, 299
House of Commons, petition to, about, 132–33
House of Representatives
answers to FB’s messages and speeches, considers, 298
influenced by, 207n
petition to king from
presentation, delay in, considers, 162
praised by, 301n
relationship with, about, 179n
justices of the peace
appointment of,
considers, 111
censure of, discusses, 107–08
commission, reform of, 111–12
king, displeasure of
reviews and considers, 342–43
king, petition to
Bowdoin discusses, 325
cited, 133n
FB’s misrepresentations of, 51n, 128–29, 342
Hillsborough, FB sends, 325
Parliament, presented to, 163n
prayer of, about, 129–30, 204n
preparation of, 51n, 89, 341–42
respectful, 123
as “King’s Council,” 186, 215, 315, 343, 345–46, 354
Liberty riot
advises on prosecutions for, 134, 138n, 316
criminality of, 315
discusses, 338
inquiry into, abandoned, 338
“planned,” 343
as “pretence” to obtain British troops, 316
rioters, prosecution of, abandoned, 134
“major part” of
FB, prepare addresses to, 266, 268n, 322n
Hillsborough, letter to, prepare and sign, 249n, 277–78, 352n, 353
legitimacy of, Oliver challenges, 88
as opposition group, 4–5, 15, 88–89, 130–31, 355
Parliament, petitions to, prepare and sign, 16, 130–32, 133n, 326, 351n
and Manufactory House, attempted clearance of, 97, 100
military assistance, and FB’s request for, 7, 85, 125, 285
minutes of. See also Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives): proceedings of; Council: proceedings of (with given date);
amendments to, 88
Bowdoin keeps set of, 87
as enclosure, 65, 81, 84, 100, 106, 352n, 357
FB refers to, 97
FB’s personal copies, 331
Gage, sent to, 83
Parliament, presented to, 65, 81, 100, 106
publication of, 69, 86–87, 330
oath of secrecy, debates, 87–88
and Oliver, A., 88
opposition from, discussed, 268–70, 292
Parliament, censured by, 11, 320, 355, 357n
Parliament, petitions to. See also House of Commons: Council petition to; House of Lords: Council petition to
American colonies, as first from, 322
Bollan
received by, 320
cited, 133n
FB misrepresents, 326, 341–42, 355, 360
House of Commons, debated in, 321, 323n
mentioned, 8
prayer of discussed, 15, 51n, 129, 131–32, 325–26, 342
preparation of, 8, 15, 129–33, 326, 355
presented, 16, 29, 129–30, 320–21
presention of, 130n
published, 130n
signatories to, 132
transmission, protocol respecting, 15, 132, 321
and popular power, 93, 105, 166n, 226
FB’s allegations concerning, reviews, 340–41
populism of, 111, 131, 133n, 135, 316–17, 350n, 357n
as “privy council,” 131, 164, 186–87
proceedings of
(29 Jul. 1768), 134, 138n, 336–37, 341, 343, 350n, 352n
publication of, 350n
(19 Sept. 1768), 333
(19 Sept.–26 Oct. 1768), 328–52
(22 Sept.–03 Oct. 1768), 349n
(23–26 Sept. 1768), 349n
(26 Sept. 1768), 349n
publication of, 349n
(29 Sept. 1768), 64, 68n, 70n, 331, 349n
(5 Oct. 1768), 71n, 80, 82n, 349n
(12 Oct. 1768), 87
(17 Oct. 1768), 96, 98, 100n, 101n, 332
(26 Oct. 1768), 90n, 91, 98, 101n, 103, 106n, 335, 350
(9 Nov. 1768), 107, 109n, 339, 350n
(10 Nov. 1768), 108, 109n, 339, 350n
(7 Dec. 1768), 111, 114n, 145, 146n
(28 Dec. 1768), 101n
(22 Feb.–01 Mar. 1769), 221n
(5 Apr. 1769), 166n
(3 May 1769), 259n
British troops, and quartering of, 3, 217n
Council papers, publication of, concerning, 15, 86–90, 175, 177, 216
“Journal of the Times,” reported in, 138n, 217n
Parliament, mentioned in, 18, 20
secrecy in, 87–88
province secretary
excluded from business, 277–78
insult, 88
Quartering Act, responsibilities under
records of
about, xxiii
access to, 175
on rights and liberties, 132
riots, propose inquiry into, 318
royal appointment of
candidates for, 185–86, 188–92, 270
colonial support for, 185
Hillsborough proposes, 230n
and Pownall, T. 199–200
proposal for, criticizes, 339, 341
proposed, 6, 8, 27, 59n, 93, 109, 113, 120, 122, 181–82, 185–88, 195, 203, 226–27, 270, 348n, 350n
separate agent
appointment of, 51n
mentioned, 53n
on “state” of province, 315
“Enemy’s Country,” as an, 343
“peaceful,” 315
and Superior Court, 101n
and taxation, right of, 302n
and Temple, 241n
votes and divisions in, 59n, 80, 91, 104, 106n, 132–33
Whig party in, 25, 49n, 132, 133n, 146n, 258, 267, 269, 270n
and Whig party, 25, 171, 277, 280
Whigs, restoration of, considered, 185–86
Winthrop’s expedition, considers supporting, 220, 221n
Council Chamber, Boston, 8, 80, 88, 97, 104, 108–09, 131, 176, 185, 239, 339, 348n
Council of Trade and Plantations. See under Board of Trade
Court Party. See under Friends of Government
Courthouse, Boston. See under Town House, Boston
Credit, Financial, 237, 309, 373n
Crime, 194
high crimes and misdemeanors, 120, See also Treason
“of a popular Nature,” 164
penalties for, 362
prevention of, 255n
Crowd Action
American Board of Customs, against, 139
Boston (18 Mar. 1768), 315
Boston (10 Jun. 1768), Liberty riot, 315–16
Boston “mobs,” 97, 139, 145, 164, 256, 356
celebrations, parades, and processions, 139
commemoration, festivals of, 112, 174
crowds
composition of, 167
size of, 97
demonstrations, 97
justices of the peace as participants, 145
Manufactory House, occupation of, 96–97, 100n
and nonimportation, enforcement of, 256
as political weapon, 78n
“trained mobs,” 78n
Crown. See also King, The
assembly, representations from, protocol concerning transmission of, 115
authority of, 187, 290n, See also Government, Royal: authority of
and British regiments, expenses of, 4, 64, 72, 83, 84n, 98–99, 112, 121, 331
commissions of
and power to supersede, 113, 340–41, 350n
and Council, 142
appointment of, 6, 194–95, 300, 348n, 355
dignity and honor of, 135
and judicial appointments, 340, 351n
lawyers acting for, 6, 49, 115, 134–37, 166n, 224, 252
licences of, 234
loyalty to, 135
officers of, 13, See also BERNARD, FRANCIS; Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts; Province Secretary of Massachusetts; Province Treasurer of Massachusetts
Council, excluded from, 359
FB, advise, 164
fears of, 32
insulted, 289
legal penalties respecting, 362
protection and safety of, 1, 93
and Temple, 206
views of, reported, 159, 285, 289, 292
patents issued by, 230
property of, 3, 72, See also Castle William
salaries, 5, 30, 33, 92–93, 95n, 117n, 125, 135–36, 138n, 144, 226–27, 228n, 231n, 250–52, 303n, See also Townshend Duties: tea duty: salaries from
servants of, 9–10, 24, 93, 115, 117n, 118, 135, 167, 180, 197, 208, 240, 263–64
in service of, 93, 135, 142, 185, 209, 252
treason against, 78
and Winthrop’s expedition, expenses of, 220
Cushing, John
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
as justice of the Superior Court, 190n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Cushing, Thomas. See also House of Representatives: Speakers of
Adams, S., “altercation” with, 307
as Boston representative, 49n
and Coffin, discuss landing of troops, 171
Convention of Towns, as chairman of, 76n, 166n
DeBerdt reports to, 161n, 163n, 261n
DeBerdt,
letters from
discussed, 163n
printed, 163n
letters to
cited, 361
quoted, 77
as signatory, 76n
FB, as enemy of, 172
House of Lords, resolutions of, DeBerdt sends copies, 261n
House of Representatives
papers of, in handwriting, 299, 361
resolves of, views on publication of, reported, 303
Hutchinson, as enemy of, 172
letters from, cited, 273n
Navigation Acts, discusses, 218n
Otis Jr., criticizes, 171
troop landing, discusses, 172
Customhouse. See also American Board of Customs
in Boston, 140
British troops, protection of, required, 12
mentioned, 216
smuggling, collusion in, 286n
Customs Officers
Boston. See also Hallowell, Benjamin; Harrison, Joseph
depositions of, published, 57n
Customs, Commissioners of. See under American Board of Customs: commissioners
D’Ennery, Count
identified, 373n
letter from, listed, 371
letters to, listed, 371
Dalrymple, William
Baker, FB’s orders to, FB sends copy, 71n
Boston harbor, Royal Navy to remain in, recommends, 68n, 81
Boston,
landing of troops in, leads, 3, 63–65, 68n
troop deployment in, plans for, 72
Castle William, occupies, 3, 72
correspondence with
about, 71
Barrington, FB sends copies to, 223
Council
cooperation from, on lack of, 81
meeting of, attends, 63, 69, 80, 331
objections from, 82n
FB
apology from, 71
complains about, 3, 221–24, 281
meets with, 63, 69, 70n, 79–81, 84
relations with, 222
Gage
letters from
FB delivers, 84
Montresor delivers, 64
letters to
presented to Parliament, 144
orders from, discussed, 82n
Goldthwait, advises, 81
letters from
Council, presented to, 82n
as enclosures, 224n
as replies, 224n
letters to, 70–71
enclosures to, 71n
as enclosures, 224n
listed, 363
as replies, 224n
mentioned, 70n
Quartering Act, makes requistions under, 79, 82n
and Council’s objections to, 82n, 230n
Council’s objections, contests, 4, 63–64, 331, 349n
hires buildings, 83
his problems with, FB unaware of, 70–71
Manufactory House, FB authorizes his occupation of, 69
temporary accommodation, locates, 3, 65
Dana, Richard
as justice of the peace, 101n
stamp distributor, resignation of, attends, 114n
Danforth, Samuel
Bernard Letters
receives xxiv, 20, 36, 246n, 248, 249n, 322, 347
Bowdoin, passes to, xxiv
Bollan
Bernard Letters
received from, xxiv, 20, 36, 246n, 248, 249n, 322, 347
acquistion of, explained by, 22, 34
Council’s petitions to, sends, 322n
letters from, 319–24
about, 20
cited, 15–16, 37, 52n, 53n, 56n, 57n, 59n, 130, 154n, 178n, 246n, 248n, 249n, 322n, 347, 352n
letters to
enclosures to, 347
received, 320
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
as president of, 4, 15–16, 130n, 131–32, 133n, 248, 323n, 356–57
votes in, 132
FB meets with, 131
Hillsborough
explains Council’s petition to king, 129
letters to, 352–58
about, 129
cited, xxiv, 24–26, 30, 34, 36, 89, 106n, 109n, 133n, 175, 249n, 279n, 357n
received, 357
sends package to, 347
Danforth, Thomas, 220
De Grey, William
Boston, treason of
evaluates FB’s reports concerning, 17
views on, 17
career of, 50n
Hillsborough, as adviser to, 50n
House of Commons, speeches in, 17
Death of General Wolfe (Benjamin West), 53n
DeBerdt, Dennys
Appeal to the World, Boston sends him, 58n
on Convention of Towns, 160
Convention of Towns, petition to king from
Hillsborough, transmits to, 76
receives, 75–76n
will “use,” 161n
Cushing
House of Lords’ resolutions, sends copies to 261n
letters to
discussed, 163n
printed, 163n
quoted, 161n, 163n, 261n, 362n
letters from
enclosures to, 76n
quoted, 77
on FB, representations of, 29, 261n
Hillsborough
defends, 163n
misled by, 163n
places advertisement concerning, 162, 163n
House of Representatives
petition to king from
Cushing sends, 76n
delays transmitting, 115, 163n
delivers, 361
FB, for removal of, presents, 362
identified, 49n
Declaratory Act (1766). See under Parliament, Legislation: American Declaratory Act (1766)
Delaware River, 126
Devil, 216
Dexter, Samuel
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 318, 347
votes in, 132
politics of, 4
Di Lullo, Mauro, 255n
Disorder. See under Civil Disorder
Dissenters, 148
Dixon, John, 23
Dominions, 116, 147, 265n, 266, 301, 315
Dorr, Harbottle
annotations by, 37, 169n, 202n, 213n, 214n
Dowdeswell, William
American policy, as critic of, 16–17
on FB, correspondence of, 17
House of Commons, speeches in, 16–17, 19
identified, 52n
Downshire, Marquess of, 50n
Draper, Richard, 214n, 301n, 349n
Drums, 65
Dublin, 202n
Dunning, John
on Crown, influence of, 53n
House of Commons, speech in, 18
identified, 53n
on treason, 18
Duxbury, Mass., 106n
Dwelling Houses and Private Buildings, 3–4, 65, 82, 98, 155, 167–68, 229–30, 231, See also Jamaica Farm
Edes, Benjamin. See also Boston Gazette: printers of
Boston selectmen, censured by, 176
and FB, 25
impeachment of, 168, 169n, 177, 209, 237
jury, intimidates, 177
“Philanthrop,” letter from, 245n
as printer, 8, 24, 26, 36, 54n, 55n, 57n, 58n, 173–76, 178n, 179n, 238n, 301n, 303n, 348n
prosecution, threatened with, 177, 238n
as Son of Liberty, 176
Editorial Method, 43–47
biographical sources, 60n
and Council records, xxiii
Editorial Policy, 41
Edwards, Owen Dudley, xv
Elections, Provincial. See under Politics: provincial elections
election day (1769), 268
Enclosures
in-letters
House of Commons, address to king from, 117
House of Lords, address to king from, 117
king’s speeches to Parliament, 117
Parliament, presented to, 117
out-letters
American Board of Customs, letters to, 156
American Board of Customs, “supplement” concerning, 160
American Quartering Acts, 230
anonymous letters received, 120
assembly, answers to FB’s speeches, 299
assembly, speeches and messages to, 278
Boston Chronicle, 280
Boston Evening-Post, 122
Boston Gazette, 174, 213, 239, 244
Boston overseers of the poor, deposition of, 347
Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser, 106, 160, 299, 310
Boston selectmen’s circular to the Massachusetts towns, 76
Boston town meeting, votes of, 299
Coffin, declaration of, 165, 172
Convention of Towns, resolves of, 76
Council
address to FB from, 106, 265, 268
address to Gage from, 270, 352n
minutes of, 65, 81, 84, 100, 352n
petition to king from, 351n
Dalrymple
Gage
letters from, 293
letters to Mackay from, 282
Goldthwait, J., orders to, 100
handbill to “To Fellow Citizens and Countrymen,” 257
Hatfield selectmen, letter to the Boston selectmen from, 81
Hillsborough, letters to, 141
House of Representatives
answers to FB’s messages and speeches, 278, 299, 310
messages and speeches to, 278, 299, 310
petition to king from, 361
proceedings of, 280
resolves and resolutions of, 299
justices of the peace of Boston, letters from, 100
lists of councilors, 188, 190–91
Mackay
letters from, 293
letters to, 293
Massachusetts Gazette, 257, 278
Massachusetts Gazette and Boston News-Letter, 81
Master and Council of the City of Strasbourg, letter to, 160
newspapers and extracts, 76, 81, 89, 106, 122, 160, 174, 217, 237, 239, 244, 257, 263, 278, 280, 299, 310
New-York Gazette, or Weekly Post-Boy, 160
not found, 77n, 84, 95, 106, 114, 117, 120, 132, 141, 160, 174, 217, 223, 244, 253, 260, 265, 273, 280, 293, 305
Oliver, A., anecdote by, 217
Parliament, presented to, 65, 76, 81, 89
Parliament, resolutions of, concerning Massachusetts, 144, 208
report of a meeting of the Boston merchants and traders, 257
Silvester, declaration of, 165, 169
England
American Colonies
mail packets to and from, 18, 57n, 63, 92, 121, 188, 194–95, 199–200, 232, 236, 240, 243, 248, 254, 258n, 278, 296, 299, 304
and “Old-England,” 240n
attorney general of. See under Attorney General of England and Wales
benefices in, 147–48
Bernard Letters sent from, 21, 175
counties of, 22
Customs commissioners from, 188n
exiles in, 201
FB’s correspondence forwarded to, 306
FB’s return to
in aftermath of, 235
departure, 35, 41, 283, 299, 304, 307
expectations of, 28
orders for, 258
preparations for, 93, 126, 205, 241, 246, 249
journalism in, 177
judges’ commissions in, 340, 345, 351n
justices of the peace in, 98
law officers, 136
letters from, published, 170n, 182
manorial lords in, 187
news from, 273n
nobility of, 232n
ordination in, 218
Parliament of. See under Parliament of England
political writing in, 177
private correspondence from, 201n
radicals in, 195
solicitor general of, 136
travelers to, 50n, 149, 149n, 157, 158n, 193, 195
trial of colonists in, prospect of, 14–15, 19, 28, 177, 204, 208, 273n, 279n, 302n, 320
English Liberties, 348n
Englishmen, Rights of, 34, 204n, 303n, 343
Epigrammaton Libri (Epigrams, Martial), 214n
Erving, John, Sr.
Bollan
FB’s letters, requests copies of from, 35
letter from
cited, 57n
receives, 57n
letter to
as reply, 57n
and Bowdoin, J., 89
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
minutes of meetings, personal file of, 90n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
as councilor, 133n
Danforth, letters to, cited, 57n
Espionage, 8, 21, 134, 163–66, 176, See also Informers
Essay on Crime and Punishments (Beccaria), 255n
Essex Gazette, 169n
Bollan, petition to House of Commons from, prints, 261n
“Journal of the Times,” reprints, 217n
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 160n
London, letters from, prints, 207n
Exchequer, Chancellor of, 5, 50n, 53n
Factionalism
and Council elections, 274
in New York, 218
in Parliament, 11, 22, 50, 52n, 54n, 56n, 153, 183n, 286n, 323n
Falmouth (Portland), Maine, 256
Families, 22, 89, 160n, 172, 210–11, See also Bernard Family; Otis Family; Royal Family
Faneuil Hall, Boston, 3, 65, 224n
Fauquier, Francis, 102
Fawkener, Lady
identified, 261n
mentioned, 260
Fawkener, Sir Everhard, 261n
Feke, Robert S., 184
Fenton, James
identified, 214n
Fifes, 65
Fisher, Kitty
allusions to, 244
identified, 245n
mentioned, 243
Fitch, Samuel
advocate general of Vice Admiralty, appointed, 225n
mentioned, 137
FitzRoy, Augustus Henry, 152, See under Grafton, Duke of
Flags, 65
Fleet, John
identified, 217n
mentioned, 237
Fleet, Thomas, Jr.
identified, 217n
Fletcher, Samuel
as importer, 257n
Flucker, Thomas
Council
does not vote in, 106n
excluded from, 248
as friend of government, 146n
votes in, 106n
as friend of government, 210
Gray, meets with, 210
justice of the peace, appointed, 165
justice of the peace, appointments to, reports on, 145
royal council
appointed to, 191
appointment to, proposed, 191
Folger, Timothy, 161n
Fort Hill, Boston, 72
Fort Pownall, 126
Fortifications. See Castle William
Francis, Sir Philip
as “Junius,” 55n
Franklin, Benjamin
Appeal to the World, Boston sends, 58n
and Hutchinson-Oliver Letters (1773), 29
province agent, appointed, 52n
on Townshend Acts, repeal of, 160n
Franklin, William
identified, 95n
relocation of, FB proposes, 94
expression, of, 180, 212, 348, 353–54, 359
rights of, 168
writing, of, 180
Freiberg, Malcolm, 53n
French and Indian War, 132, See also Seven Years’ War
Friends of Government
Council
in, 4
not elected to, 131, 278n, 280n, 284–85, 341, 353
restoration to, 188
restoration to, proposed, 8, 185–86, 188
decline of, 286n
despondent and discouraged, 146, 236, 269, 284–85
as faction, 89
FB, consult with, 188
House of Representatives, in
numbers, 274
intimidation of, 210
as justices of the peace, 145
refuse commissions, 114
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), approve, 158
mentioned, 114n, 166n, 176, 185
Parliament, resolutions of, unenthusiastic about, 144–45, 236
parliamentary authority, defend, 122, 243
as rescinders, 274
views of, 285
Fruit, 286n
Fuller, Rose
House of Commons, motion in, 19
identified, 53n
Gabbett, Joseph
FB, letters to Gage from, delivers, 307
identified, 304n
mentioned, 303
Gage, Thomas
Boston
landing of troops in, expects resistance to, 72, 73n
“prejudice against,” 58n
retention of troops in, FB requests, 294
troop deployment in, plans for, 3–4, 73, 329
troop deployment to, instructions for, cited, 4, 49n, 77, 78n
Boston, and withdrawal of troops from
about, 283n
FB opposes, 294
FB, discusses with, 32, 282–83, 286–89, 292–97, 301n
FB, does not discuss with, 285
Hillsborough, instructions from, concerning, 301n
House of Representatives’ request for, refuses, 266
resumption of, FB agrees to, 303
on resumption of, 306–07
suspends, 287–88
suspension of, FB requests, 286
Bowdoin, letter from, cited, 221n
and British army accounts, presentation of, 289
as commander in chief, 3, 301n
correspondence with, about, 69, 84, 221, 233, 265, 283n, 287, 289, 294, 304
Council
address from, 315–19
about, 318
adoption of, 104–05
cited, 4, 106, 123, 146n, 352n
as enclosure, 106
Hillsborough, FB sends to, 318, 343
responds to, 318
address to FB from, FB sends copy, 265–66
attitude toward, 3
letters to
cited, 319n
as replies, 106n
minutes of, FB sends copies, 84
proceedings of, concerning quartering of troops, FB reports on, 68–70, 82–84
Dalrymple
letters to, cited, 68n, 70n, 84n
orders to, presented to Council, 82n
FB
congratulates, 271
criticizes, 287–88
and departure of, 223, 304, 307
letters to Pownall from, FB transmits, 306
replies to, 304
as governor, 56n
Hillsborough
instructions from, 301n
letters from
published, 57n
letters to
Bollan transmits copies to Boston, 245, 247, 249n, 322
Council comments on, 356
as enclosure, 248
enclosures to, 287, 294, 318, 322
Parliament, presented to, 320
published, 26
House of Representatives
letter to, read in, 271n
proceedings of, FB reports on, 303–04
resolves of, criticized in, 58n, 300
identified, 49n
letters from, 71–75, 270–71, 282–83, 287–88, 306–08
cited, 32, 68n, 69n, 70n, 266n, 286n, 287n, 288–89, 293n, 295n, 319n, 348n
Council, presented to, 329, 333
Hillsborough comments on, 85
Hillsborough, Gage sends copies to, 287, 289
House of Representatives, read to, 271n
Montresor delivers, 64
received, 73, 233, 271, 282, 286, 288, 292, 294, 306–07
replies not found, 221
letters to, 68–70, 82–84, 219–21, 232–33, 265–66, 286–90, 293–95, 303–04
cited, 3, 32, 65, 68n, 69n, 73n, 78n, 84n, 223, 268n, 283n, 288n, 293n, 302n, 306n, 307n, 350n
considered by, 293
discussed, 296
as enclosures, 268, 289, 293–94
Hillsborough, sends copies to, 294
as replies, 233, 282, 286, 288, 293–94, 306–07
Mackay
letters from
by express, 296
letters to
cited, 283n
as enclosures, 282
sends FB copies, 282
orders to, sends, 282
military assistance
explains position regarding, 78n
ready to provide, 336
Town House, removes canon from, 295
troops, and quartering of
accounts of expenditure, settlement of, requests, 270–71
Council’s objections to, contests, 4, 96, 100
at Crown’s expense, 71–72
in defensive positions, 72
FB reports on, 65, 68–70, 82–84
legality of actions, about, 101n
premises, hires, 99
in private houses, no plans for, 4
public buildings, appropriation of, favors, 3, 71–73
in public houses, 4
reports concerning
Parliament, mentioned in, 231n
temporary billets, wishes to avoid, 72
troops, retention of, FB requests, 303
Venus, transit of, expedition to observe
cancellation of, informed of, 232–33
does not fund, 221n
FB requests assistance for, 219–21
supports, 221n
Garth, Charles
Quartering Act, amendments to, proposes, 229
Gaspee, HMS, 28
General Court
adjournments and prorogations, 33, 277, 308
and Boston, removal from, 163n, 203, 234, 267
British troops, expenses of, refuse, 289, 332
and British troops, withdrawal of, 267
Cambridge, moved to, 235n, 268n, 290n
composition of, 268n
and Council, election of, 267
dissolution of, 315, 341, 343, 349n, 354, 361
Governor. See under BERNARD, FRANCIS: GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS
Governor and Council. See under Governor and Council
Governor’s Council. See under Council
House of Representatives. See under House of Representatives
“ill humour” in, 272
legislation. See under General Court, Legislation
proceedings of, radicalism of, 168
prorogations of. See under General Court: adjournments and prorogations
salary grants, 138n, 252, 277, 291
session dates (1769), 163n
in session, 32, 235n, 252n, 268n, 274, 283, 341
summoning of, Hillsborough’s instructions respecting, 234
General Court, Legislation
acts and resolves. See also under General Court, Legislation
about, 45
Annual Supply Act (1769)
cited, 311n
passage of, 309
Annual Taxation Act (1769)
cited, 311n
mentioned, 301n
passage of, 309
appropriation acts, 301n
continuation acts, 301n
governor’s salary act
failure to enact, 277
instructions concerning, 276
impost and excise acts, 301n
Impost and Tunnage Act (1769), 301n
Indian trade act, 301n
Genoa, 201n
Geography, 219–21
George II, King
death of, 311–12
George III, King. See also King, The
accession of, 312n
children of, 117
kidnap, plan to, 117n
queen of, 117
Georgia Gazette
listed, 363
Germans, 160n
Gerrish, Joseph
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Gerrish, Joseph (N.S)
identified, 226n
mentioned, 225
Gibbs, Mr., 373n
Gill, John. See also Boston Gazette: printers of
and FB, 25
impeachment of, 168, 169n, 177, 209, 237
jury, intimidates, 177
“Philanthrop,” letter from, 245n
as printer, 8, 24, 26, 36, 54n, 55n, 57n, 58n, 173, 175–76, 178n, 179n, 238n, 301n, 303n, 348n
prosecution, threatened with, 177, 238n
Glass
Glorious Revolution (1688–89), 207n, 311n
Goddard, Sarah Updike, 238n
Goldthwait, Joseph
commissary general, declines appointment as, 81
letter to, listed, 364
mentioned, 80
orders to
as enclosure, 100
Parliament, presented to, 100
Gossip, 7
Government
autonomy in, 38
and conspiracy theories, 195, 329, 361
“contempt” of, 84
“disobedience” to, 9
and general welfare, 181
“good government,” 94, 250, 340
punishments and rewards in, 93
Government of Massachusetts
acting governor, Hutchinson as, 234, 276, 290, 309
American Board of Customs, protection requested by, 139–40
annual supply acts, 258, 295, 301n, 309–10
authority of undermined, 12, 84, 115
“General Despondency,” 93
authority of, restoration of, 93, 121–22, 135, 181, 185, 237, See also Government, Colonial: reform of
and Bernard Letters, publication of, 247, 249, 300
Boston, removal from, 162
British government, communications with, 247–48
barracks for, provides, 332
“civil power and authority suspended,” 85
commissions under, 106n, 111–14, 136, 145
constitution of, 28, 87, 112, 122, 181, 243
and Council, 357
“Dignity” of, 234
dissolution of (1689), 310n
expenses of. See Public Finances
FB accused of quitting, 276
informers, 172
insurrection, facing, 117, 164, 166
internal disputes, 109–10, 154–58
law officers in, 100n, 134–37, 156, 165, 225, See also Sewall, Jonathan; Attorney General of Massachusetts
newspapers, criticized in, 7, 176, 210–11, 245n
newspapers, support in. See “Philanthrop” (Jonathan Sewall)
officers of. See also Attorney General of Massachusetts; BERNARD, FRANCIS; Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts; Province Secretary of Massachusetts; Province Treasurer of Massachusetts
commissions of, 348n
Massachusetts, misrepresent, 197
mentioned, 5–6, 49, 110, 114, 136–37, 201n, 225
as newspaper writers, 311n
salaries of, 93, 252, 279n, 298
in secret discussions, 6
threats against, 164
opposition to
and Council, 90n
from Whig party, 225, 274, 276
overthrown, feared, 117
pluralism in, 7
private animosities in, 159
property of, 97
and public buildings, 97, 100n, 334, See also Buildings
and public finances, 220, 352n
publications by, 214n
Quartering Act, obligations under, 82n, 98–99, 230n, 231n, 261n, 288, 329, 332–33, 344–45
reform of. See under Government, Colonial: reform of
and sedition, 162, 176, 215–16
“state” of, 108, 116, 118, 125, 142, 226
Parliament considers, 142, 144, 153, 162, 202
support for, 4, 8, 24, 26, 36, 89, 114, 122–23, 131, 146, 158–59, 186, 188, 236, 243, 248, 250, 269, 274, 280, 284–85, 286n, 341, 353, See also Friends of Government
“tolerably quiet,” 102
and treason, investigations of, 12, 208, 228
weakness of, 109, 226, See also Government, Royal: weakness of
and Whig party, ascendancy of, 32, 226, 280, 284
Government, Colonial
constitutions of, 119n
functions of, 6
reform of, 10, 30, 38, 59n, 93, 122, 141–42, 140–42, 154, 159, 181, 186–87, 188, 243, 339, 348n, See also Council: royal appointment of
parliamentary legislation required for, 6
Government, Royal
in American Colonies, 113
authority of challenged, 33, 227
authority of, restoration of, 2, 14, 93, 113, 187, 226
and colonial government, reform of, 8, 109, 112, 186, 226, 269, 339, 348n
and Council, reform of, 6, 8, 25, 27, 59n, 93, 109, 113, 120, 122, 181–82, 185–88, 191, 195, 199–200, 203, 226–27, 230n, 270, 339, 341, 348n, 350n
elements of, 227
extension of, 14, 114, 136, 187, 195, 339, 341
and governors’ responsibilities, 346
governors’ salaries, 5
governors, authority of, 114, 359
honors in, 187
as “King’s Government,” 3, 72–73, 112–13, 145, 153, 161, 165, 210, 216, 274, 280, 310n
loyalty to, professions of, 342
officials. See under Crown: officers of
opposition to, 112
Province Charter (1691), under, 87, 310n, 350n
royal appointed councils, 355
royal commands, 64, 79–80, 88, 115, 208, 226, 234, 258, 262, 267, 288–89, 310, 348, See also under King, The: royal commands
royal commissions, 12, 16, 18, 28, 91, 99, 112–14, 139–40, 144, 147, 206, 224–25, 261n, 340, 350
royal writs of mandamus, 8, 191
Governor and Council
British troops, authority to request, 1, 78n
British troops, quartering of, sequence of debates respecting, 328–52
and justices of the peace, reform of commissions, 106n
meetings of, 63, 68n, 70, 79, 91, 96, 98, 107, 223, 277, 299, See also Council: proceedings of (with given date)
minutes. See under Council: minutes
Quartering Act (1765), obligations under, 82n
Winthrop’s expedition, do not fund, 221n
Governor’s Council. See under Council
Governors, Colonial
Hillsborough, circulars from, See also Hillsborough, Earl of: circulars from
about, 264,
cited, 59n
instructions to. See also Hillsborough, Earl of: FB as governor: instructions to
Martinque, of, 373n
Massachusetts, of, 18, 29, 53n
mentioned, 42
New England, of, 207n
New Hampshire, of, 219
New Jersey, of, 95n
powers of, 341
Quebec, of, 373n
salaries of. See also Crown: salaries
St. Domingue, of, 373n
Windward Islands, of, 373n
Grafton Ministry
American policy of
conciliation in, 10, 31, 264, 323n
criticism of, 15
and FB, 232
flaws in, 31
further taxes, no plans for, 263
imperial rhetoric in, 11
on Massachusetts, 16
and Parliament, 11–12
Parliamentary debates on, initiate, 153, 207n
tea duty
repeal of, 38
retention of, 30
tea duty, repeal of, divisions on, 30
end of, 195
FB’s reports, consider, 10, 16, 154
FB’s supporters in, 201
formation of, 1–2
governors’ salaries, provision for, 251
identified, 50n
opposition to, 39
Parliament, majority in, 10–11
Townshend duties, repeal of
considers, 30–31
favors, 264
treason commission, proposes, 16, 273n
Grafton, Duke of
administration of, 1–2, 9–11, 15–16, 31, 38–39, 151, 153, 171, 195, 201, 207, 232, 251, 264, 273, 323, 362
cabinet, outvoted in, 30
in Chatham ministry, 50n, 54n, 323n
and factionalism, 11
and FB, 153
identified, 50n
mentioned, 218n
portrait of, 152
resignation of, 58n
supporters of, 306n
tea duty, repeal of, favors, 30
Gray, Harrison
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
votes in, 106n
Flucker, meets with, 210
Temple, libel by, receives, 210, 213
Great Britain
American Colonies
concessions to, 122
friends of, 55n
imperial power in, 17
and independence of, 117
reconciliation with, 2, 27, 94, 262
deterioration in, 173–74
war with, prospect of, 1–2
authority of, 263
chronology of events in, 24
constitution of, 215
“corruption” of, 240n
dominions of, 301n
government of. See under British Government
as “home,” 10, 18, 150, 159, 161, 168, 178, 192, 237, 308–09, 331, 337
loyalty to, 284
mentioned, 362
military installations in, 283n
as “mother country,” 77n, 150, 237, 317
newspapers of, 76n
people of, 239n
politics in. See under British Politics
resistance to, 172
treason trials in, 300
Great Lakes, 233
Greenleaf, Benjamin
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Greenleaf, Stephen
British officers, waits on, 222
British troops, quartering of, oversees, 65, 70
Brown sues, 101n
identified, 224n
Manufactory House, clearance of, attempts, 96–97, 100n
Greenwich, 221n
Grenadiers, 65
Grenville, George
American writings, denounces radicalism in, 171n
FB’s “Respect” for, 212
as Grafton administration, critic of, 171n
“Grenvillean system,” 31
Hillsborough, criticizes, 201
House of Commons, speeches in, 168
about, 170n
House of Lords, resolutions of, criticizes, 17
name misspelt, 214n
supporters of, 11
as Temple, patron of, 193, 213
Guilford, Earl of, 50n, See under North, Lord
Haddock, Richard, 245n
Haddock’s Bagnio, 243–44, 245n
Halifax, Earl of
letters to, filed, 41
Halifax, N. S.
British commander at, 222, See also Dalrymple, William
British fleet arrives from, 63, 69
British regiments at
Boston, arrive in, 63, 93, 223
Boston, deployed to, 77, 85, 317, 329
British troops withdrawn to, 32, 282, 285, 292, 295–96, 304
mentioned, 82n, 123n, 225, 284n
Vice Admiralty Court at, 6, 224–25, 228n
Hall, Hugh
identified, 219n
mentioned, 218
Hallowell, Benjamin
American Board of Customs
appointed commissioner of, 193
represents, 210
correspondence of, carries to London, 247
Treasury
attends, 210
examined by, 57n
Hancock, John
Adams, J.
and, 137
represented by, 110
biographers of, 138n
as Boston selectman, 197–98, 215
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Customs commissioners, pursued by, 5, 350n
legal pursuit of, 5–6, 137, 157n
and Liberty, seizure of, 137
mansion of, 74
Quincy, D., courtship and marriage, 137–38n
Sewall, settles differences with, 137–38n
as smuggler, 5
and Temple, 193
treason, pursued for, 137
trial of, 6–7, 110, 137, 138n, 142n, 156, 225
Hancock’s Wharf, Boston, 34
Handbills
“To Fellow Citizens and Countrymen,” as enclosure, 257
Hanging, 214n
Hanoverian Succession, 359
Happiness
Boston, of, 317
FB, of, 203
Massachusetts Council, of, 346
Hardwick, Mass., 278n
Harrison, Joseph
and “B. W.” affair, 218
and Liberty riot, 167
Hartford, Conn., 68
Harvard College, 32–34, 206n, 220, 221n, 235n, 268n, 290n, 326
commencement, 326
Harwich, Lord, 50n
Harwich, Mass., 278n
Hatfield Selectmen
Boston selectmen, letter to
as enclosure, 81
Parliament, presented to, 81
Hatfield, Mass., 81n, 278n, 373n
Hawke, Edward
identified, 373n
letter to, listed, 369
Hawley, Joseph
Council, election to, refuses, 270n, 275
FB’s views on, 275
as Northampton representative, 279n
Otis Jr., disagreements with, 275
patriotism of, 279n
Health and Ill-Health
recovery, 94
spa treatment, 94
wellbeing, 5, 93–94, 125, 181, 222, 238n
Henry VIII, King
treason statutes of, 12, 15, 17, 208, 302
Henshaw, Joshua
as Boston selectman, 197, 215n
Council, election to, vetoed, 279n, 280n
Hercules, 218n
Hill, John
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 318
as councilor, 106n
as justice of the peace, 101n
Hill, Wills. See under Hillsborough, Earl of
Hillsborough, Earl of
Admiralty, letters from, published, 57n
assembly
FB’s messages and speeches to, FB sends copies, 278, 295, 299
proceedings of, FB reports on, 273–79
summoning of
FB reports on, 253
FB reviews plans for, 161–62, 267–68
attorney general and solicitor general of England and Wales, letter to, cited, 117n
Barrington
FB, letters from, transmitted by, 281
friendship with, 92
as interlocutor, uses, 102n, 118, 204, 235, 240, 281
similarity in views, 196
and Bernard Letters, xxiii–xxv, xii, 51n, 52n, 53n, 56n, 58n, 174–77, 178n, 182, 247n, 248, 249n, 322, 348, 353, 356, See also BERNARD, FRANCIS: BERNARD LETTERS
Bollan
censures, 37
criticized by, 36
Boston
demands obedience from, 5, 107
and “state” of, 85
Boston Evening-Post, FB sends copies, 217
Boston Gazette
FB sends copies, 93, 174, 205, 209, 217, 239, 243
printers of, prosecution of, FB recommends, 173–74
Boston merchants, meetings of, FB reports on, 257
Boston News-Letter, FB sends copies, 89, 257
Boston overseers of the poor, deposition of, Danforth sends, 347
Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser, FB sends copies, 106, 299, 310
Boston selectmen, circular to Massachusetts towns from, FB sends, 76
Boston town meeting
letters to FB from, FB sends copies, 106
votes and resolves of, FB sends copies, 299
Bowdoin, accusations of, FB refutes, 127–30
Bowdoin, letters from, 324–28
cited, xxiv, 25–26, 130, 175, 350n, 351n
received, 328
British criticism of, 10, 17, 20, 36, 201, 207n, 264
British troops
deployment of, issues orders for, 4
quartering of
Council’s obstructions to, FB reports on, 79–82, 95–101
preparations for, FB reports on, 63–68
withdrawal of
discusses with Gage, 282
favors, 32
circulars from, 263–65
Coffin, declaration of, FB sends, 165, 172
colonial government, opinions on, 6
colonial government, reform of
cabinet, recommends to, 154, 203–04, 230n, 242n
FB’s proposals for, 141
considers, 154
colonial policymaking
conciliation in, favors, 264
influence on, 10, 20, 31, 38, 348
pragmatism in, 230n
punitive measures in, favors, 10, 13, 30, 196, 203–04, 230n, 348
Convention of Towns
FB reports on, 71–77
petition of, refuses to accept, 76
resolves of, FB sends copies, 76
correspondence with
about, 57n, 65, 76, 81, 89, 100, 106, 109, 114, 129, 132, 136, 146, 163, 165, 174, 182, 188, 213, 217, 239, 253, 255, 257, 264, 268, 273, 278, 291n, 293, 299, 311,
Bollan requests copies of, 348
delayed, 268
inconsistencies in, 118–19
investigation into, proposed, 261n
numbering of, 41–42
Parliament, presentation to, discussed, 181, 249
as series, 41
as source of information, 171n
Whigs, reviewed by, 36–37, 39, 168, 200
Council
address to FB from
FB sends copy, 268–69
Gage sends, 318
address to Gage from, FB sends copies, 106, 318, 343, 352n
censures, 59n, 85, 142–43, 153
minutes of, FB sends copies, 65, 81, 100, 106, 352n
opposition of, FB reports on, 86–90
Parliament, petitions to, FB reports on preparation of, 130–33
proceedings of
American Board of Customs, return of, FB reports on, 103–04
Council, address to Gage from, FB reports on, 104–05
Hillsborough, concerning instructions from, FB reports on, 103
official papers, publication of, FB reports on, 86–90
quartering of troops, concerning, FB reports, 79–82, 95–101
troops, request for withdrawal of, FB reports on, 266–67
royal appointment of
FB recommends, 8, 59n, 113, 181–82, 183n, 185–88, 191, 199, 300
proposes, 230n
“unjustifiable behaviour” of, 142
Council, letters from, 328–52
Bollan delivers and transmits, 347, 350n, 357
cited, xxiv, 24–26, 30, 36, 44, 89, 100n, 106n, 106n, 106n, 109n, 133n, 133n, 175, 249n, 279n, 357n
despatched, 296
preparation of, 278
councilors, lists of, FB sends, 188
Customs commissioners, views on, 161n
Danforth, letters from, 352–58
cited, xxiv, 24–26, 30, 34, 36, 89, 106n, 109n, 133n, 175, 249n, 279n, 357n
received, 357
and de Grey, 50n
DeBerdt
and, 115
misleads, 163n
views of, 117n
FB
baronetcy for
approves, 232
FB expresses gratitude, 253–55
patent, pays for, 118, 179–80, 205
letters to Gage from
FB sends copies, 289
Gage sends copies, 287
mispresentations by, Bowdoin alleges, 324–28
orders to Goldthwait from, FB sends copy, 100
relocation of, options for, discussed with, 181
as scapegoat, considers, 31, 119, 153, 201, 348, 351n
supports, 178n
FB aims to influence, 174, 198, 255n
FB as governor
attitude toward, 13
concerns with, 222
conduct as, FB defends, 162
conduct of, approves, 7, 9, 13, 31, 59n, 85, 116, 118, 232, 348
departure of
anxieties concerning, 125
arrangements for, informed of, 299
departure, arrangements for, FB reports on, 252
firmness, urges, 153
instructions to. See also Hillsborough, Earl of: governors, instructions to
assembly, official correspondence, not to communicate to, 177
assembly, summoning of, 203, 234
assembly, to dissolve, 175, 300, 349n
Circular Letter, for rescinding of, 59n
FB acknowledges receipt of, 161, 164, 252–53
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” respecting, 115
leave of absence suspended, 93, 102, 125, 223
Liberty riot, to investigate, 2, 6, 8, 204, 208
mentioned, 5
province magistracy, reform of, 6, 114
Townshend duties, partial repeal of, 263–65
treason, to investigate, 8
about, 28, 117n, 204, 208–9, 228, 261n, 273n
FB receives, 28
troops, deployment of, concerning, 72, 83, 329
prudence, urges, 264
recalls, 31, 146n, 154, 232–35, 240, 279n
FB writes to, 93, 125, 174, 258, 285, 290
FB, reports from, evaluates and considers, 9, 117–19, 154
FB’s correspondence with Dalrymple, FB sends copies, 224n
Gage, instructions to
troop deployment, concerning, 4, 77
cited, 49n
Gage, letters from
Bollan transmits copy to Boston, 322, 249n
Council comments on, 356
enclosures to, 294
as enclosures, 248
FB sends copies, 293
published, xxiii, 26, 57n, 178n
Gage, letters to
FB sends copies, 293
Gage, letters to FB from
FB sends copies, 268
Gage sends copies, 294
governors, correspondence of, carefully reads, 10
Hancock, prosecution of, FB reports on, 137
handbills, FB sends copies, 257
hard-liner, reputation as, 10, 30, 230n
Hatfield selectmen, letter to Boston selectmen from, FB sends copy, 81
House of Representatives
answers to FB’s messages and speeches, FB sends copies, 278, 299, 310
FB’s messages and speeches to, FB sends copies, 278, 299, 310
petition to king from
delays presenting, 7, 115–16, 117n, 162, 163n, 207n, 300
explains delay in presenting, 115–16
presents, 351n
receives, 115
transmission of, censures, 59n
petition to remove FB
Cushing sends, 361
DeBerdt delivers, 361
proceedings of
FB reports on, 273–79, 295–303, 308–15
FB sends copies, 280
resolves and resolutions of, FB sends copies, 278, 299
House of Representatives, resolves and resolutions of, FB sends copies, 299, 301n
Hutchinson
instructs FB to liaise with, 253
successor to FB, nominates as, 311n
views of, FB reports, 27
“illegal and unconstitutional Acts,” investigation of
FB reports on progress, 164–65
instructions respecting, 115
and Imperial Crisis, 39, 50n, 204, 230n, 264
instructions from, as enclosures, 234–35
justices of the peace
new appointments, FB reports on, 111–14, 144–46, 165
justices of the peace of Boston
letters to FB from, FB sends copies, 100
obstructions by, FB reports on, 97–98
king’s speech to Parliament (8 Nov. 1768)
defends, 116
letters from, 84–86, 115–19, 142–43, 153–54, 207–09, 231–35
Board of Trade, considered by, 310
cited, 7, 9–10, 13, 53n, 59n, 95n, 106n, 109n, 114n, 117, 127n, 138n, 146n, 154n, 160n, 163n, 164, 182, 183n, 207n, 235n, 241n, 253n, 255n, 259n, 264, 279n, 319n, 348n, 349n, 351n
copies transmitted to Boston, xxiv
Council
Hulton, FB gives extract to, 103
Parliament, presented to, 39, 59n, 143, 153, 323n
published, 39
received, 28, 85, 117, 119, 125, 143, 146, 153, 160–61, 163n, 179, 182, 204, 208, 228n, 232, 235, 252, 254, 264, 273n
as replies, 65, 76, 81, 85, 89, 146, 182
letters to, 63–68, 71–77, 79–82, 86–89, 95–101, 103–09, 111–14, 127–33, 144–46, 161–66, 173–82, 185–88, 209–14, 216–18, 238–40, 252–53, 253–58, 266–68, 271–79, 291–93, 295–303, 308–15
about, xxiii, 3, 6, 8, 11–12, 33, 52n, 59n, 178n, 183n, 197, 261n, 291n, 293n, 303n, 318, 348n, 350n
Adams, S., commentaries by, 58n
attorney general of England, referred to, 115
Barrington discusses, 281
Board of Trade, considered by, 136, 146, 163, 165, 174, 188, 253, 268, 273, 278, 293, 299
Bollan transmits copies to Boston, 35, 247–48, 249n, 322, 348n
Boston, copies transmitted to, 245
Bowdoin, criticized by, 25, 325–28
cited, 3–4, 6–9, 13, 21, 25, 32–33, 45, 51n, 68n, 71, 76n, 84n, 85, 86n, 89n, 91, 95n, 110, 114n, 117n, 127n, 130n, 136, 138, 141, 142n, 143n, 146n, 153, 154n, 156, 161n, 165, 166n, 169n, 175, 178n, 179n, 182, 198, 201n, 204n, 207n, 209n, 213n, 217n, 223, 224n, 225, 228n, 231n, 238n, 244, 245n, 249n, 252n, 255n, 259n, 273n, 279n, 291n, 301n, 306n, 323n, 328n, 348n, 349n, 350n, 351n, 352n, 357, 362n
Council, criticized by, 8, 51n, 301n, 348n, 328–52, 328–52, 353, 357n, 362n
enclosures to, 76, 129, 130n, 169, 172, 245n, 270, 319, 325, 349n, 351n, 352n
as enclosures, 190–91, 249n, 322, 349n
king, presented to, 85, 142, 153, 182, 208
listed, xxv, 86n, 117n, 216, 363–72
Parliament, presented to, 11–12, 16, 29, 51n, 52n, 59n, 63–65, 75–76, 79–81, 103–06, 128–32, 320
private, 179, 188, 209, 212, 254
published, xxiii, xxv, 36, 39, 54n, 56n, 58n, 59n, 101n, 106n, 109n, 114n, 133n, 178n, 200, 247n, 322, 347, See also BERNARD, FRANCIS: BERNARD LETTERS
quoted, 1, 19, 27–28, 232, 283, 300, 349n
received, 65, 76, 81, 85, 89, 100, 106, 109, 114–15, 132, 136, 142, 146, 153, 162, 165, 174, 188, 209n, 217, 239, 253, 257, 268, 273, 278, 293, 299, 310
as replies, 28, 103, 119, 125, 134, 161, 164, 179, 208, 235, 252, 254
Liberty riot, cessation of investigation into, informed of, 134
Mackay
letters from, FB sends copies, 293
letters to, FB sends copies, 293
Massachusetts Circular Letter, rescinding of, instructions on, 59n
Massachusetts Gazette, FB sends copies, 278
on Massachusetts, crisis of government in, 85
memorial to, mentioned, 95n
newspapers, FB sends copies, 199, 217
nonimportation movement, FB reports on, 255–58
official correspondence, publication of, FB reports on, 86–90
and Ohio River colony, 59n
Oliver’s anecdote, FB sends, 217
Parliament
addresses to king from, sends FB, 160n, 117, 207
debates in, informs FB about, 153–54
presents FB’s correspondence to, 11–12, 15–16, 115, 142
discussed, 180–81
plans for, 10, 13, 117–19, 182
proposes resolutions on Massachusetts to, 11, 144
resolutions of, sends FB, 208
on parliamentary authority, enforcement of, 263
political writing, FB reports on, 216, 239
Pownall, J.
FB’s correspondence with, reviews, 118
meets with, 117
printers, prosecution of, FB recommends, 173–74, 238n
Providence Gazette, FB sends copies, 239, 243
province law officers, roles of, FB explains, 134–35
province magistracy, reform of
FB recommends, 59n
royal instruction
as enclosure, 235
sends, 235
Sayre
and, 115
letter from, cited, 163n
as secretary of state
resignation, 38
sedition, evidence concerning, FB reports on, 8
Sewall, FB discusses, 134–35
Shelburne, discusses FB with, 51n
Silvester, declaration of, FB sends, 165, 169
tea duty, retention of, favors, 30–31
Temple, libels by, FB reports on, 209–13
Townshend duties, partial repeal of
announces plan for, 263–65
treason, investigation of
FB reports on, 271–73
instructions concerning, about, 28, 117n, 204, 209, 228, 273n
treason, trials for, views on, 204
troop transports, arrival of, FB reports on, 63
troops, landing of, FB reports on, 79
and Virginia, governorship of, 103n
Virginia, lieutenant-governorship of
on offer, withdrawal of, 118
Whig party criticizes, 38, 201
Hingham, Mass., 106n
His Majesty in Council, 232n, 351n, See also Privy Council
and commissions, power to supersede, 113
orders-in-council, provincial legislation, for disallowing, 112
His Majesty’s Government. See also King, The; Government, Royal; Crown
His Majesty’s Ships (HMS). See under name of vessel; Royal Navy
Historians
and historiography, 8, 14, 21–22, 24, 28, 37–38, 56n, 89, 149
History
American folk memory, 4
colonial America, of, xv
course of, 39
Hobbes, Thomas
Cive (1651), cited, 178n
Holt, John
identified, 238n
mentioned, 237
Hood, Samuel
Boston, “prejudice against,” 58n
British troops, withdrawal of
FB, consults with, 296–97, 303, 306
correspondence with, about, 284
FB requests passage to England, 283–84
FB writes to, 284n
identified, 373n
letters from, received, 283
letters to, 283–84
replies, 283
Stephens, letters to
Parliament, presented to, 144, 320
published, xxiv, xxv, 37, 58n, See also Letters to Hillsborough (1769)
Vice Admiralty, as judge of, 302n
Hope, HMS, 123n
Horse Riding, 94
Houghton Library, xv
House of Commons
adjournments, 322n
American affairs, debates, 16–20, 29, 153, 320–22
American correspondence, debates, 16–19
Bollan, petition from
as enclosure, 322
mentioned, 260
presented, 16
printed, 261n
clerks of the papers
Bernard Letters, copy, xxiv, 20–22, 24–25, 39, 57n, 175, 246n, 247n, 248, 324n
FB’s correspondence, considers, 16–20, 29, 34–35, 362n
government majorities in, 10
House of Lords
address to the king from
approves, 24, 144, 204n, 228n, 238n, 261n, 322n, 357n
debates, 20
receives, 12
votes on, 20
resolutions of
adoption of, 24
approves, 144, 204n, 228n, 238n, 261n, 322n, 357n
debates, 19–20
receives, 12
votes on, 20
journals of, 178n, 182, 183n, 349n
king, address to
and king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), 9
leaders of, 11, 52n, 175, 182, 273n
Massachusetts Council, petition from
preparation of, 129
presentation of, 320–21
presented, 15–16
read, 16
summary of, 132–33
members. See under Parliament: members of
members’ privileges, 174
mentioned, 52n, 168, 204n, 261n, 286n, 323n
Quartering Act (1765), amendments to, debates, 231n, 261n
rumors concerning, 242–43
Strangers’ Gallery, 20
Townshend duties, repeal of, debates, 322
and Wilkes controversy, 10, 16, 19, 22, 78, 195
House of Lords
factions in, 11
journals of, about, xxiv
king, address to
adoption of, 209n, 228n, 261n, 322n, 357n
FB’s disappointment with, 226
mentioned, 153
recommendations of, 12
and king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), 9, 11
library of, xxiv
Massachusetts Council, petition from
preparation of, 129
mentioned, 186
Quartering Act, final reading of, 231n
resolutions of, on Massachusetts
adoption of, 24, 143, 151n, 204n, 228n, 238n, 242n, 261n, 322n, 357n
criticism of, 144, 160, 188, 236–37
mentioned, 153
Wilkes controversy, debates on, 238n
House of Representatives
in abeyance, 346
acting governor’s salary grant, does not vote, 303n
and Adams, S., 26, 28, 32, 298–99, 303, 361
agent of
candidates for, 29
and Council agent, 29
effectiveness of, 7
instructs, 361
represents, 362
answers to FB’s messages and speeches
Council, considered by, 298
discussed, 274–75, 277, 295, 298, 342
as enclosures, 274, 277–78, 299, 310
and governor’s salary, 303n
printed, 277
radicalism of, 277, 298, 301n, 303n, 308
royal authority, challenge, 300n, 310n
Bernard Letters, reviews, 300
Boston members, influence of, 268n, 274, 277, 280
British troops, presence of, protests, 300
business of
pending, 309
suspends in protest, 295–96
clerk of, 26, 28, 32, 296, 298–99, 301n, 303, 361
as author, 49n
as compiler, 301n
colonial assemblies, circular to (11 Feb. 1768)
about, 39
controversy over, 171n
Parliament, denounced by, 11
radicalism of, 11
rescinding of, 39, 59n, 175, 342, See also Rescinding Controversy
votes and divisions on, 39, 59n
and constitution, 112
and Council, 207n, 301n, 342, 353
Crown officers, misrepresented by, 300
dissolution of. See under Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives): dissolution of
elections to, procedures for, 85
FB
on abuses of power by, 359–61
conduct of
conspiracy by, suspects, 4
criticism by, reviews, 359–60
defies, 33
impeachment and removal of, considers, 32, 38, 58n, 174, 259, 301n, 359, 361–62
in conflict with, 346
letters to Gage from, reads, 271n
misrepresented by, accusations respecting, 300, 360–61
troops, blames him for bringing, 300
FB intends to confront, 259
FB lacks influence over, 340
FB lacks support in, 123, 171, 274
FB recommends censure of, 309
FB’s correspondence, copies of, requests, 174
FB’s enemies in, 163n
friends of government in, 24, 36, 250, 274, 280
numbers, 274
Gage, conduct of, censures, 300
and governor’s salary grant, 5, 33, 277, 279n
Hillsborough
letters to Council from, publishes, 296
letters to FB from, request, 59n
independence, aspires to, 308
Journals
printed, 174
votes expunged, 39
king, petitions to
compared to petitions of the Council, 131–32
FB, for removal of, 32, 38, 174
dismissed, 362
presented, 361
Townshend duties, for repeal of, 115, 163n
mentioned, 76n
presentation of, delayed, 115–16, 117n, 163n, 300
transmission of, 115
transmission of, protocol concerning, 59n, 163n
loyalty, proclaims, 299
mentioned, 3
messages and speeches to. See also Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives): speeches and messages to
Board of Trade, considered by, 299
cited, 301n
and governor’s salary, 303n
Hillsborough, FB sends copies to, 278, 299
itemizing public business, 301n
quoted, 301n
as rejoinders, 277
and Otis Jr. See under Otis, James, Jr.: House of Representatives
Parliament, condemned by, 204n
parliamentary authority, challenges, 308
and parliamentary supremacy, denial of, 203
parliamentary taxation
exemption from, claims, 297–98, 299, 302n, 305
political composition of, 274
Pownall. T., defended by, 261n
proceedings of
(31 May–15 Jul. 1769), 32–33, 56n, 59n, 234, 251, 252n, 267, 268n, 271n, 274–78, 279n, 289, 290n, 295–96, 297–98, 300n, 301n, 302n, 303n, 308, 310n, 311n, 361
suspended, 32, 235n, 289, 295–96
(1771), 52n
as enclosures, 280
Hillsborough, FB sends copies, 280
printed, 295
public finances, delays annual appropriations for, 308–09
rescinding of votes, procedures respecting, 297
resolves and resolutions of
(7 Jul. 1769)
authorship of, 297–98
radicalism of, 298–300, 305, 308
Board of Trade, considered by, 299
British troops, for withdrawal of, 296–97, 300
as enclosures, 278, 299, 301n, 302n
Hillsborough, FB sends copies to, 278, 298–99, 301n
mentioned, 307
Pownall, J., FB sends copies to, 296
quoted, 302n
“Rights of Englishmen,” proclaims, 303n
royal authority, views on, reported, 277
separate agent, appoints, 49n, 51n, 52n
Speakers of, 49n, 261n, 274, 276, 296–97, 303, 305, 307, 321, 361, See also Cushing, Thomas
“standing army” in Boston, protest, 300
Townshend Acts, repeal of, campaign for, 163n
troops, quartering of
accounts presented, 270
avoid paying, 298
troops, withdrawal of
debates, 275–76
Virginia resolves, considers, 276–77
votes and divisions
business, suspension of (8–10 Jun. 1769), 277
circular letter to colonial assemblies (21 Jan. 1768), proposing, 39, 59n
Circular Letter, rescinding of, 175
Whig party in, 26, 28, 32–33, 175, 179n, 249, 274, 276–77, 280, 301, 303, 308–09
Hubbard, Thomas
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
as councilor, 133n
politics of, 4
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Hudson River, 126
Hulton, Elizabeth
identified, 106n
Hulton, Henry
as commissioner of Customs, 140, 188n
Hillsborough, letter to FB from, FB copies extract of, 103
identified, 106n
Hussey, Richard
House of Commons, speech in, 17
identified, 52n
Hutchinson, Elisha
as importer, 257n
Hutchinson, Thomas. See also Chief Justice of Massachusetts; Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts;
as acting governor, 190n, 235, 308–09
assembly, lacks support in, 33
assembly, relations with, 291, 309
instructions concerning, 234
preparations for, 276, 297, 309
prospects of, 33
salary, 32–33, 252, 276, 291, 303n
salary, views on, 276
strategy of, 290–91
American Board of Customs
letters to, 139–40
as co-signatory, 140
quoted, 111n
Treasury, read by, 140
views on, 140
assembly, business of, favors conclusion of, 309
Bernard Letters, reaction to, 26–27
Boston Gazette, printers of, prosecution of, 177
British troops
retention of, favors, 303
withdrawal of, favors, 303
as chief justice, 100n, 177, 190n, 291n
Rex v. Corbet (1769), 302n
on Convention of Towns, 311n
Cooper, W., FB discusses, 311–12
correspondence of, 29
correspondence with, about, 235n, 291
Council
election to, 190n
on opposition in, 133n
on politics of, 90n
restoration to, proposed, 186, 189
on English liberties, “abridgement of,” 348n
on Erving, 133n
FB
relationship with, 27
as successor to, 33, 232, 234, 290–91, 311n
views on, 27
FB consults with, 103, 109, 156, 213, 303
as FB, adviser and confidant to, 8, 141, 164, 188n, 252–53, 271, 276, 309
and FB
friendship, 27
misunderstandings, 291
unpopularity of, 357
as governor, salary grant, 252
and Hillsborough, 311n
identified, 49n
Jackson, letters to, cited, 68n, 224n, 230n
as justice of the peace, 165
legal training, lack of, 100n
letter from, received, 291
listed, 371–72
as replies, 291
libel, views on, 213
as lieutenant governor, 190n
mentioned, 357
Palmer, letters to, cited, 311n
as “pensioner,” 206n
plans to “drive off,” 171–72
plans to “seize,” 168
Pownall, T., letters to, cited, 179n
provincialism of, 27
on Quartering Act, 230n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Sewall and Customs commissioners, dispute between, intervention in, 6, 110, 111n, 156, 157n, 193
and Sewall, 225
“TH,” referred to as, 45
and treason commission, 28
on troops, arrival of, 65
and troops, withdrawal of, 32
unknown, letters to
cited, 90n
quoted, 90n
Whately, letters to, cited, 55n
Williams, letter to, cited, 55n
Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr.
as importer, 257n
Hutchinson-Oliver Letters (1773), 29
“Hyperion” (anti-government writer)
identity of, 169n
quoted, 170n
Illness. See under Health and Ill-Health: illness
Immigrants, 160n
Imperial Administration. See also British Colonial Policy
internal disputes, 154–58
Imperial Authority, 263
Imperial Crisis, 2, 4, 13–14, 30, 33, 119, 252, 286
historiography of, 8–9, 14, 21–22, 24, 28, 37–38, 56n, 89, 149
Imperial Government. See under British Government
Importers, 256, 257n, 289, 292
Imports. See also Nonimportation
duties on, 228
Great Britain, from, 256
resistance to, 302n
Inches, Henderson
Independence, 4, 11, 19, 33, 94, 117, 236, 238n, 308
Indian Affairs
superintendent of, 221n
Informers, 8, 100n, 136, 156–57, 164, 167–69, 171–73, 177, 334
Inns, 344
Insurrection. See also Rebellion
allegations of, 117, 164, 166n, 198, 205
British government, considered by, 117, 123, 316
considered, 103n
refuted, 77n
not expected, 303
Parliament, resolutions of, concerning, 12
Intelligence. See under Espionage
Intimidation
as political tactic, 108, 146, 210
Ireland
British regiments from
arrival expected, 4, 68n, 78n, 93, 100, 317
departure of, 77
orders respecting, 329
transports for, 123n
lord lieutenant of, 301n
mentioned, 361
Jackson, Joseph, 215
as Boston selectman, 197–98
Jackson, Richard
Americans, as friend of, 28
as Beresford, interlocutor with, 230
Bernard Letters, FB comments on, 249
British politics, FB requests news of, 241–42
correspondence with, about, 28, 242, 247, 262–63
FB
differences of opinion with, 262
recall of discussed, 262
relocation of, advises on, 227
Hutchinson, letters from, cited, 68n, 224n, 230n
identified, 95n
letters to, 241–42, 246–48, 261–63
about, 246
as replies, 204
newspaper extracts, FB sends copies, 263
Sons of Liberty, radicalism of, FB reports on, 262
as importer, 257n
Jamaica, 227
planters of, 53n
Jamaica Plain, 69n, 176, 223, 224n
James II, King, 207n
Johnson, Messrs.
letter to, listed, 372
Johnson, Sir William
identified, 221n
mentioned, 220
Jokes, 326
Jones, Elisha
mentioned, 127n
Journal of the Times, 216
“Junius” (anti-government writer), 10, 29n, 50n, 55n, 58n, 177, 238n
Juries, 134, 177, 207n, 208, 228, 302n
Justice, 2, 7, 17, 78, 105, 108, 115–16, 120, 134, 176, 192, 197, 232, 240, 285, 316–17, 321, 329, 331–32, 336, 345–46
Justices of the Peace
authority, lack of, 134
commissions, reform of, 6, 18, 111–14, 350n
in crowds, 145
FB, censured by, 107–08
mentioned, 340
misrepresentations of, 35, 300
neglect of duty, 13
new appointments, 111–14, 144–46, 165
Parliament, censured by, 320, 357n
popularity of, 113
Quartering Act, responsibilities under, 71–72, 78–79, 98–99
troops, quartering of, refuse to assist in, 97–99
in Whig party, 145
Justices of the Peace of Boston
letters from
as enclosures, 100
Parliament, presented to, 100
signatories, 101n
King Street, Boston, 65
King, The. See also Crown; George III, King; King-in-Parliament,
and American bishop, appointment of, 147
and American Colonies
conciliation with, favors, 10, 204
petitions from, and redress of grievances, 299
protocol for preparation and transmission, 115, 279n
Americans, assuages, 30
appointments at king’s pleasure, 186, 226, 345
authority of, 274, 285, See also Government, Royal: authority of
opposition to, 33
provincial commissions, to supersede, 145, 340, 346
resistance to, 194
reverence for, 226
Boston
on “Disobedience” of, 7, 9, 11, 117
petition from, mentioned, 27
rebellion in, fears, 9, 85, 117
representations of, ignores, 28
British troops, quartering of
opposition to, disappointment at, 142
his “Cause,” 280
Convention of Towns, petition from
about, 76n
transmission of, 76
Council, petitions from, cited, 351n
criticism of, 167–69
dominions of, 147, 265n, 266, 301n, 315
FB
baronetcy for, creates, 28, 118, 232n
correspondence of, presented with, 85, 142, 153, 182, 208
petition from, mentioned, 92
FB as governor
abuses of power by, informed of, 359–61
conduct of, approves, 7, 55n, 59n, 154, 232
offers “highest approbation,” 240
misrepresentions by, informed of, 58n, 343, 354, 360–61
FB as representative of, 20, 64, 209, 275, 346
and Crown salary, 125
as vicarious target, 199, 299, 362
and friends of government, encouragement to, 187
Hillsborough
doubts, 10
proposals of, rejects, 204
His Majesty’s pleasure, 115, 341, See under King, The: royal commands
in His Majesty’s service, 98, 105, 154, 193, 287, 290
House of Representatives, loyalty of, pledged, 299
House of Representatives, petitions from
FB’s removal, for, 174, 259n, 261n, 362
cited, 32
not presented, 7
Townshend duties, for repeal of,
mentioned, 76
presentation delayed, 163n
transmission of, 115
transmission of, protocol concerning, 59n, 163n
interest of. See also under Crown
irreverence toward, 262–63
king’s troops. See under British Army
loyalty to, 93, 145, 197, 299, 300n
Massachusetts Council, petition from
about, 129
as enclosure, 325
FB misrepresents, 51n
prayer of, 131
Bowdoin explains, 325–26
presentation of, 51n, 129, 351n, 357n
receives, 123
and Massachusetts, king’s counsel in, 134–36
Massachusetts, as monarch of, 144
and Militia Bill (1768), 195
ministers of. See under British Government: ministers
and ministers, 50n
munificence of, 255n
opinions of, 263
orders of. See under His Majesty in Council: orders-in-council
Paoli, sympathizes with, 202n
Parliament
address from
adoption of, 144, 153, 196n, 209n, 228n, 238n, 273n, 306n, 320, 322n
criticized, 51n
debated, 207n
presentation of, 209n
quoted, 12
recommendations of, 12, 15, 204n, 208, 323n
“King’s Friends” in, 11
speech to, (8 Nov. 1768), 7
American reactions, 158–59
Boston, news of arrives in, 188
as enclosure, 117
FB receives, 158
as historical turning point, 9
quoted, 117
speech to (9 May 1769), as enclosure, 263
peace, king’s, 1
power of, 79
prerogatives of, 359
as prosecutor. See also Crown: prosecutions
receptions of, 241n
repudiation of, 167
requisitions of, 77, 79, 275, 292, 330–31, 342
resistance to, 145
royal commands, 115
on assembly, communication of official correspondence to, 88
and British troops, deployment of, 267, 288–89
and British troops, quartering of, 79–80
FB created baronet, 234
on General Court, removal of, 234
Hutchinson, FB to advise, 234, 310
mentioned, 64
official correspondence, respecting copying of, 348
Parliament, resolution of, expects obedience to, 208
treason, investigation of, to undertake, 207–08, 226
royal “Ear,” 300
royal licence from, granting leave of absence
cited, 235n
as enclosure, 234–35
royal observations reported
on Boston, “state” of, 198, 214
on FB’s conduct, 7, 85, 232, 240
on FB’s “Prudence,” 116
Virginia, address from, proposed, 279n
writs of. See under Crown: writs of
King-in-Parliament
authority of, 168
King’s Bench, Court of, 208
King’s Chapel, Boston, 70, 149n, 219
Kittery, Maine, 106n
L’Estrange, Roger
identified, 238n
Seneca’s Morals (1764), 238n
Last Attempt (brig), 247
Speech of Th–m–s P–wn–ll, Esq, 261n
Latitudes
measurements of, 220
Launceston, HMS, 65
Law
America, of, 237
British troops, and quartering of. See under Quartering Act (1765): provisions of
“Chicanery” in, 112
disobedience of, 9, 76, 84, 112, 117, 167–68, 194, 196, 216
enforcement of, 18, 70, 118, 263, 267, 360
England, of, 237
evasion of, 4, 112, 173, 195, 267, 298
imperial. See under, Parliament, Legislation; Trade Laws
interpretation of, 329, 332, 340, 344–45
law and order issues, 63, 84, 153, 181, 185, 197, 223
Massachusetts, of, 136, 203, 267, 309, See also General Court, Legislation
“mob Law,” 256
obedience to, 2, 118, 217, 234, 360
treason, of, 272
Law Courts. See also Superior Court of Massachusetts
disruptions to, 360
mentioned, 362
Lawyers, 6, 97, 110, 115, 134–37, 156, 177, 193, 224–25, 252
Lead
duties on, 228n
Leeward Islands, 227
Legge, William. See under Dartmouth, Earl of
Legislation
editorial policy and citation of, 45
Legislation, British. See under Parliament, Legislation
Legislation, English. See under Parliament of England
Legislation, Scottish. See under Parliament of Scotland, Legislation
Lennox, Charles. See under Richmond, Duke of
“Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania” (John Dickinson), 244
Letters to Hillsborough (1769)
advertised, xxiv
Bernard Letters, prints, 324n
Bollan, petition of, printed in, 261n
cited, 100, 106, 109, 114, 129, 132, 133n, 318, 322, 328, 347, 350n, 358n, 362
Council, letter to Hillsborough from, printed in, 56n
Council, petitions to Parliament from, printed in, 130n, 133n
Council’s commentaries in, 36
on sale, 26
Letters to the Ministry (1769)
Bernard Letters, prints, 57n, 59n
cited, 57n, 58n, 65, 76, 81, 89, 143, 153, 179n, 323n
Dorr, comments by, 37n
Lexington, Battle of, 123n
Libel
and Baldwin, 238n
FB accused of, 58n
in newspapers, 87, 129, 177, 212–13, 239, 243–44, 285, 309–10
authorship of, 9, 124n, 157, 171n, 176–77, 199–200, 201n, 205, 209–13, 219, 241n, 243–44, 245n
prosecutions for, 345
in England, 177
obstacles facing, 25, 58n, 177, 251
and Wilkes, trial of, 10, 16, 50n, 195, 238n, 324n
American colonists, of, 177, 261n, See also Rights: American colonists, of
defense of, 321
“Overflowings” of, 112
Wilkes, as champion of, 195
Liberty (sloop)
seizure of, 5, 137, 139, 336, 350n
Liberty Riot
accounts of
exaggerations in, 350n
Parliament, presented to, 16, 36
aftermath of
about, 19
and American Board of Customs, 140, 316
causes of, 316
conspiracy to incite, 316, 343, 350n
Council, considered by, 134, 138n, 315–16, 338
criminality of, 315
investigation into
abandoned, 134
by Council, postponed, 338
extended, 117n, 204, 208, 273n, See also Hillsborough, Earl of: FB as governor: instructions to: treason, to investigate
FB, instructions to, respecting, 2, 6, 8, 204, 208
perpetrators unknown, 214, 315
rioters, prosecution of
attorney general, considered by, 2, 134, 138n, 316, 345
Liberty Tree, Boston, 34, 112, 239
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. See also Hutchinson, Thomas
as acting governor, 234, 276, 357
salary, 279n
Council, and membership of, 186, 321
mentioned, 27, 103, 156, 164, 168, 171–72, 253, 276, 297, 303, 308–09
Lillie, Theophilus
as importer, 257n
Lincoln, Benjamin
Council
does not vote, 106n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
as councilor, 106n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Lincoln, Eng., 53n
Lincolnshire, 230
Lisle, David
American Board of Customs
accused of misconduct by, 157
charged with misconduct by, 193
Boston, lawlessness in, complains of, 157n
mentioned, 193
Piscataqua, relocates to, 157
Sewall
exploited by, 157
provides information to, 111n, 193
suspension of, 156–57
Treasury
exonerated by, 157
memorials to, cited, 157n
London
American Colonies, mail to and from, 130n, 232, 248, 252–54, 257, 273, 282, 299, 304
American Colonies, opinions on, 123
American friends in, 28–29, 38, 144
bathhouses and brothels, 244, 245n
Bernard Letters sent from, 21, 26, 247n
Bollan in, xxiv
Council records in, xxiii
Customs commissioners leave, 157n
demonstrations in, 50n
FB’s enemies in, 177
letters from, mentioned, 222
letters from, published, 160, 171n, 174, 201n, 202n, 205, 206n, 207n, 232n, 273n, 306n
Massachusetts newspapers sent to, 174, 216
mentioned, 1–2, 7, 14, 30, 32, 35, 85, 122, 129, 149n, 157, 182, 208, 210, 235, 320, 347, 361
newspapers, digests of reprinted, 123, 174, 195
pamphlets published in, xxiv, xxv, 37, 52n, 55n, 57n, 58n, 59n, 202n
Paxton in, 155
Rogers, visit of, 122–23, 127n
London Gazette
cited, 232n
Massachusetts newspapers, extracts printed in, 6
cited, 178n
London, City of
Aldermen of, 52n, 194, 196n, 286n, 323n
elections in, 195
Lord Mayor of, 15, 22, 52n, 323n
Parliament, members of, 52n, 286n, 323n
Long Wharf, Boston, 65
Longitudes
measurements of, 220
Lord Chief Justice of England, 50n, 52n
Loring, Joshua
as justice of the peace, 166n
Lowndes, Charles, 193
Loyalists
mentioned, 114n, 169n, 173n, 226n, 373n
Loyalty, 93, 145, 197, 299, 315, See Crown: loyalty to
Luke, Gospel of
cited, 124n
quoted, 122
Lyde, Nathaniel Byfield, 53n, 247
Lydia (brig)
Lynde, Benjamin, Jr.
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
as justice of the Superior Court, 190n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Mackay, Alexander
British troops, withdrawal of
FB, consults with, 283, 285, 287–88, 292, 296–97, 303, 306
Gage, discusses with, 287
proposal for, informs FB of, 283
correspondence with, about, 283n
Gage
letters from
cited, 283n
as enclosures, 282
listed, 371
received, 286
as replies, 282
letters to
by express, 296
orders from, mentioned, 282
writes to, 306
Gage writes to, 282
identified, 283n
letters from
Board of Trade, considered by, 293
as enclosures, 293
received, 292
letters to, as enclosures, 293
Magistrates. See under Justices of the Peace
Magna Carta (1215), 303n
Boston to England, 57, 199, 258n, 278, 299
by Boston Packet, 57
delayed, 304
mentioned, 18
Boston to London
Thames, carried by, 130n
Wolf, carried by, 253, 257, 273
Bayard, delivered by, 68
Boston to Portsmouth, N.H., 290
England to Boston, 160, 232, 248, 254
Delays in, 194
England, from
England, to
by packet, 63, 121, 195, 200, 240, 243, 296, 304
Mankind
intelligence of, 230
Manufactory House, Boston, 73, 100–01, 224
as barracks, 2, 63–65, 83, 329, 331, 333
clearance of, attempted, 4, 96–97, 100, 101n
occupation of, 96
Manufactures
British imports, 132
Marblehead, Mass., 256
Marlborough, Duke of, 261n
Martialis, M. Valerii (Martial)
Epigrams, 214n
quoted, 212
Martin, HMS, 65
Martinque
governor of, 373n
Maskelyne, Nevil, 221n
Mason, George
Massachusetts
astronomy, contribution to, 233
and Boston, 75
boundary disputes. See under Boundary Disputes between Massachusetts and
and British Empire, 132
British government’s views on, 9, 11, 17, 28, 31, 35, 50n, 122, 208, 343
British regiments
and deployment of, 337
and quartering of, 288, See also Government of Massachusetts: Quartering Act, obligations under
and withdrawal of, 277, 289, 294, 317
charter of (1629), 166n, See also Province Charter (1691)
climate of, 157n
colonists of, 30
constitution of, 6, 351n, See under Government of Massachusetts: constitution
as “country,” 26, 97, 113, 126, 157n, 158, 167, 227, 305, 346
courts. See under Law Courts
disorders in. See under Civil Disorder
FB does not return to, 33, 362
FB leaves, 2, 34, 225, 303n, 362
FB prepares to leave, 5, 27, 35, 200, 223, 234, 249, 259
finances of. See under Public Finances
fortifications in, 352n
friends of government in, 185, 210
Gage visits, 315
governors of. See under Governors, Colonial: Massachusetts
interests of, 321
“internal Police” of, 300
and King-in-Parliament, 274
laws of, 267
lawyers, 49n, 97, 136–37, See also Lawyers
legislature. See under General Court
loyalty of, 286n
magistrates. See under Justices of the Peace
mentioned, 201, 221n, 235n, 279n
merchants. See under Merchants
misrepresentations of, 21, 175, 178, 197–98, 316–17, 326, 324–28, 337, 328–52, 362
mobs. See under Crowd Action
newspapers of, 58n, 76n, 123, 175–76, 195, 201n, 213n, 350n
officeholders, about, 136, 141
and Parliament, 35, 131, 153, 177, 200, 208
resolutions of, concerning, 11–13, 126, 144, 153, 196, 238n, 242n, 300
FB, no confidence in, 347
inflamed, 248
rights and liberties, 132
as subjects, 327, See also King, The: subjects of
politics. See under Politics
province agent. See under Province Agent
public buildings, 96, 333, 344, See also Faneuil Hall, Boston; Manufactory House, Boston; Town House, Boston,
radicalism in, 14
reimburses, British, 51n
royal charter. See under Province Charter (1691)
settlers of, 172
shipping. See under Shipping
silver mines, 86n
social elite, membership of Council for, proposed, 186
“state” of, 27, 36, 102, 115, 140, 153, 182, 234, 239n, 262, 276, 283–84, 315
and taxation, 302n
towns. See under Towns
treason in
accusations of, 196
commission proposed, 28
investigations of, 12, 194, 228
treasury of. See under Province Treasury
trials in, 204
valuation of estates, 341
vindication of, 36
Whig party. See under Whig Party
Massachusetts Gazette
cited, 258n
Council, minutes of (26 Sept. 1768), prints, 89n, 349n
mentioned, 214n
Massachusetts Gazette and Boston News-Letter
Council, address to Gage from, prints, 318n
Hatfield selectmen, letter to Boston selectmen from, prints, 81
Parliament, presented to, 81
Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter
cited, 57
Letters to the Ministry, advertises, xxiv
Matthew, Book of
cited, 56n
Medford, Mass., 106n
Men. See also Boston: gentlemen of
in crowds, 167
officeholders, 135
officeseekers, 187
“prudent” and “sensible” sort, 104, 269
radicalized, 19, 104, 206, 263
as representatives, 194, 274, 280
“respectable” sort, 185
“self-interested” sort, 316–318
Merchants
Boston, of, 5, 89, 114n, 219n, 256, 373n, See under Boston Merchants
report of meetings, as enclosure, 257
British army, lease premises to, 141
FB, meet with, 160n
Great Britain, of, 22, 30, 49n, 52n, 117n, 151, 261n, 323n
and Stamp Act, repeal of, 52n
identified, 3, 5, 49n, 89, 110, 132, 172
New York City, of, 257
and nonimportation, adoption of, 256–57n
adoption of, disputes concerning, 257n, 258n
Rhode Island, of, 256
Scotland, from, 114n, 256, 257n
Sons of Liberty among, 256, 292
and trade laws, evasion of, 286n
West Indies, of, 22
and Whig party, 110, 256, 257n
“younger traders,” 256
Middlesex, Eng., 22, 50n, 194–95, 196n
Milton, John
Samson Agonistes (1671) cited, 57n
Mineral Spring, 94
Minnesota, 221n
Mississippi River, 221n
Mobs. See under Crowd Action
Molineux, William
as “Paoli,” 200
Monk, Lawrence
identified, 373n
letter to, listed, 367
Montagu, Charles Greville
as governor of South Carolina, 95n
identified, 151n
Montresor, John
Gage, letters to FB from, delivers, 64, 68–69
identified, 68n
military preparations, assists with, 64, 72, 83
Mount Desert Island Grant
confirmation of, 204n
mentioned, 203
Mount Desert Island, Maine, 160n
Murray, James (Boston)
identified, 114n
as justice of the peace, 111, 114, 145, 146n
Music, 65
Narrative of Facts Relative to American Affairs (J. Pownall), 52n
Native American Peoples
Navigation Acts
mentioned, 218n
Nettleham, Barontecy of, 230, 231n
New England
Anglican clergy of, 149n
in Church of England, 149
Customs commissioners from, 188n
Parliament’s supremacy, attitudes toward, 203
settlement of, 53n
Vice Admiralty Court, 49n, 166n, 225, 244
FB’s fondness for, 94
governor of, 95n
mentioned, 125
and nonimportation, 257
New Jersey Assembly
and governor’s salary grant, 94
New Romney, Eng., 95n
New York Assembly
proceedings of, as enclosure, 160
resolutions on taxation, 159, 277, 279n
radicalism of, 160n
New York, City of
American bishop, as residence for, 148
Boston, mail to and from, 64, 68, 158, 243, 265–66, 296
Boston, rumors concerning revolt in, 64
British garrison at, 78n, 266, 294
England, mail to and from, 243, 296
letters from, published, 258n
merchants of, 257
“Journal of the Times,” serialize, 137, 216
and nonimportation, 257
New York, Province of
agent of, 53
Anglicans of, 218
attorney general of, 252
boundary dispute with Massachusetts, 179n
colonists of, 30
mentioned, 126
Newport, Eng., 50n
Newspapers. See also individual titles
Great Britain, of, 76n
as historical source, 45
New-York Chronicle
Bernard Letters, prints, 54n, 106n, 109n, 114n, 365n
listed, 365–66
New-York Gazette
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768), prints, 160n
New-York Gazette and Post Boy
mentioned, 238n
New-York Gazette, and Weekly Mercury
Bernard Letters, prints
listed, 365–66
“Whip for the American Whig,” discussed, 218n
New-York Gazette, or the Weekly Post Boy
“American Whig,” discusses, 218
cited, 219n
Convention of Towns, proceedings of, prints, 161n
as enclosure, 160
New-York Journal
cited, 217n
mentioned, 238n
Nonimportation
about, 257n
agreements
discontent with, 257n
opposition to, 257
popular support for, 33
transgressions, 256–57, 289, 292
North America
continent of, 148, 181, 194, 266, 347, 355, See also American Colonies
and empire, prospect of, 167–68
mentioned, 17, 229, 263, 264n, 317, 344
North Atlantic Station, 373n
North Briton (1769)
cited, 79n
North Carolina, 114n
North Ministry
governors’ salaries, provision for, 252
North, Lord
administration of, 38, 50n, 58n, 191, 196n, 252
on Boston, treason of, 273n
as chancellor of the Exchequer, 11, 30
and FB, 153
House of Commons
Council’s petition, favors presentation of, 323n
as leader of, 11, 117, 175, 182, 273n
presents American correspondence to, 11–12, 15, 117, 144, 175, 182
identified, 50n
mentioned, 218n
as prime minister, 58n
Northampton, Mass., 279n
Northwest Passage, 221n
Nova Scotia
British regiments sent from Ireland, 82n, 83
mentioned, 225
Officeholders
disqualification of, 202
Ohio River, 59n
Old Granary Burial Ground, Boston, 73n
Old State House, Boston, 71n, See under Town House, Boston
Oliver, Andrew. See also Province Secretary of Massachusetts
Adams, S., anecdote concerning, 218n
American Board of Customs
letter to, 139–40
as co-signatory, 140
Treasury, read by, 140
views on, 140
anecdote of, as enclosure, 217
Council
disrespected by, 88
election to, 190n
reads oath to, 87
restoration to, proposed, 186, 189
FB, as adviser to, 8, 141, 164, 188n, 271, 273n
Hillsborough, letter to FB from
reads, 128
and Hutchinson-Oliver Letters (1773), 29
as justice of the peace
appointed, 165
declines to act, 145
as lieutenant governor, 190n
mentioned, 357n
as province secretary, 190n
Council, excluded from business of, 278
Council, minutes and papers of
attests, 357
maintains, 86–88, 90n, 103, 175, 357
House of Representatives, communicates with, 277–78, 296
salary, 252
transmits official papers to Britain, 199
reputation of, 88
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
stamp distributor, resignation as, 176
Oliver, Peter
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
as justice of the Superior Court, 190n
royal council
appointed to, 191
appointment to, proposed, 191
Orders-in-Council, 294, See under His Majesty in Council: orders-in-council
Otis, James, Jr.
Boston Gazette, writes for, 176
as Boston representative. See Otis, James, Jr.: House of Representatives, in
Boston town meeting, as moderator of, 194
at Convention of Towns, 75
Cushing, T., criticizes, 171
FB, discusses forged letter with, 199, 201n
Hawley
as ally of, 275
influenced by, 275
identified, 100n
impeachment and trial of, proposed, 194–95
Manufactory House, occupation of, as counsel on, 97
radicalism of, 178n
Rex v. Corbet (1769), defense counsel in, 302n
Worthington, views on, 285
Otis, James, Sr.
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Hutchinson, rivalry with, 206
patriotism of, 279n
Owls Head, Maine, 126
Paine, Timothy
Council
does not vote, 106n
votes in, 106
royal council
appointed to, 191
appointment to, proposed, 191
Paint
Painters, 167
Painters and Engravers, iv, 23, 53n, 66, 74, 152, 184
“Palinurus” (anti-government writer), 211, 213
Palinurus (Trojan), 214n
Palmer, William
Hutchinson, letter from, cited, 311n
Panton, Henry
killing of, 302n
“Paoli” (anti-government writer), 200–01, 213n, 244
Paoli, Pasquale
identified, 201n
mentioned, 200–01
reputation of, 202n
Paper
duties on, 52, 141, 168, 200, 209, 211, 216–18, 239, 243, 257, 263, 281, 303, 327, 336, 349–50
Papers of Francis Bernard (Colin Nicolson), 42, 59
Parliament
“all acts of,” American Colonies’ submission to, challenged, 297–98, 305
America, friends of, 17–20, 22, 29
American affairs
commentators on, 29
debates on, 9–23, 85, 123, 151, 153, 262
anticipated, 117n, 118–19, 123
colonies await information on, 14, 20, 237, 242
mentioned, 146, 153, 200, 207n
sources for, 51
news of expected, 241
inquiry into, proposals for, 11, 36, 78, 85, 272
American affection for, 116
American Colonies
concessions to, 122
intervention in, proposed, 93, 122, 237, 269
neglect of, 30
petitions from presented, 163n
taxation of, 297–98, 305, 341, See also Parliamentary Taxation; Townshend Duties
American correspondence
debates, 324n
Hillsborough’s plans to present, 10, 13, 117–18, 182
Boston, transmitted to, 35
published, 37
American representation in, 14, 94, 236
authority of, 298, See also Parliamentary Authority
Bernard Letters presented to, xxiv, 247n
Boston town meeting
proceedings of, presented to, 106, 273n
resolutions respecting, 12
and Boston, disobedience of, 229
and British politics, 250
Convention of Towns
proceedings of, presented to, 76
resolutions censuring, 12
debates of
colonial newspapers, reported in, 7, 177, 183n, 207
reporting of, restrictions on, 177–78, 183n, 196n, 202n, 281
divisions in, 19
factions in, 11, 17, 22, 52n, 54n, 151, 153, 183n, 286n, 323n
FB’s conduct praised in, 201n
FB’s correspondence
considered by, 129
debates, 2, 9, 16–19, 142, 153
presented to, xxiv, 12–13, 15, 25, 65, 76, 81, 85, 89, 109, 114–15, 117, 129, 132, 153, 175, 180, 201
consequences of, 180, 182, 245, 281
publication of, about, 183n
reading of, 16
Gage’s correspondence presented to, 320
government majorities in, 10–11
Hillsborough’s correspondence presented to, 143, 153, 320
Hood’s correspondence presented to, 320
irreverence toward, 262–63
king, address to
colonial newspapers, printed in, 209n
considers, 117
criticized, 51n
as enclosure, 207
FB disappointed with, 160
recommendations of, 208
summary of, 12
king’s speeches to
(8 Nov. 1768), 7, 11, 33, 59n, 78, 116–17, 160, 188
as historical turning point, 9
reprinted, 160n
(9 May 1769)
as enclosure, 263
Massachusetts Council
censures, 355
petitions from
cited, 351n
content summarized, 132–33
FB, misrepresented by, 341–42, 355, 360
mentioned, 25
preparation of, 8, 130, 132, 326, 355
presentation of, 15–16, 16, 129–30, 133, 323n
as potential ally of, 36
proceedings of, presented to, 81, 100, 106, 130n, 318
Massachusetts, resolutions respecting
adoption of, 24, 143–44, 150, 151n, 153, 188, 204n, 228n, 238n, 242n, 261n, 322n, 324n, 357n
American reponses to, 160
criticism of, 13, 143–45, 194, 196, 236, 260
FB disappointed with, 160
further action proposed, 202, 208, 226, 262
provisions of, 28
reponses to, 236–37, 260, 262, 300
summary of, 11–12
Massachusetts, “state” of, considers, 360
members of, 22
America, hostility to, 174
American colonists, critical of, 11, 168, 170, 171n
American liberties, defend, 11, 15, 17–19, 29, 35–36, 236, 261
and FB’s correspondence, 12, 21, 153
on FB’s correspondence, 16–19
identified, 49n, 50n, 52n, 53n, 95n, 283n, 286n, 306n, 323n
knights of the shire, about, 22
letters to America from, 94, 305
mentioned, 22
privileges of, 20, 174–75, 323n, See also Parliament: privileges, breach of
speeches of, 170n, 171, 202n, 204, 260–61, 321, 323–24
official papers, confidentiality of, 180
opposition to, 340
opposition to government in, 10, 16–18, 20
power of, 206, 236, See also Parliamentary Authority
American “pretensions” respecting, 298
denied, 308
omnipotence of, 226
privileges, breaches of, 175, 177, 237
Quartering Act, amendment of, proposed, 229
resentment of, 122
sessions of, 30, 35, 168, 174, 229, 263–64, 272
and sovereignty, 32, 168, 284, See also Parliamentary Authority
supremacy of, 11, 17, 30, 170n, 203, 218n
Townshend duties, repeal of
intended, 263–64
legislates, 38
treason trials in England, debates, 273n, 302n
Wilkes
censures, 10, 13, 50n, 51n, 78, 195, 243
Parliament of England, Legislation
acts, citation of, 45
Bill of Rights (1689), 300
Encouragement of Trade Act (1663), 218n, 305
Governors of Plantations Act (1698)
provisions of, 362
Suffragan Bishops Act (1534)
cited, 149n
mentioned, 147
Treason Act (1543), 12, 16–17, 51n, 208
Parliament of Ireland
acts, citation of, 45
Parliament of Scotland
acts, citation of, 45
Parliament, Legislation
Act for Repealing Revenue Act (1770), cited, 265n
acts, citation of, 45
American Declaratory Act (1766), parliamentary supremacy and, 17, 20, 170n
American Revenue Act (1767). See also Townshend Acts
Crown salaries, provisions for, 33, 92–93, 227, 250–51, 252n
provisions of, 310n
repeal of, 29, 31, 35, 93, 123, 151, 203, 250, 306n, 348
American revenue acts
mentioned, 341
origins of, 121
repeal of, proposed, 14–15, 20, 25, 29, 31, 38, 51n, 121, 129–30, 204n, 297, 300, 305, 325–26, 342, 348
American test act, proposed, 203
American treason trials in England, proposed for, 174, 177
colonial government, reform of, required for, 6, 113–14, 162, 188, 203
governors’ powers, act to extend, 341
justices of the peace’s commissions, annulling, 114
Massachusetts assembly, suspension of, required for, 161
Massachusetts Government Act (1774), 191
Massachusetts magistracy, reform of, required for, 348n
Mutiny Act (1769), as enclosure, 230
Navigation Acts
cited, 124n
Piracy Act (1717), 302n
privilege in America, punishing breaches of, proposed for, 174
Quartering Act (1765)
amendments to, proposed, 77, 229, 231n, 305
intentions of, 332
interpretations of, 333–34, 344–45, 360
opposition to, 98–99, 229, 305, 330
provisions of, 3–4, 63, 79, 82n, 97–99, 101n, 268n, 271, 329, 331–32, 344
repeal of, 203
Quartering Act (1768), cited, 230n
Quartering Act (1769)
as enclosure, 229–30
mentioned, 260
sedition, punishing, proposed for, 174
Stamp Act (1765)
repeal of, 17, 52n, 78, 168, 239n, 251, 261n
Parliamentary Authority
American Colonies
in, 263
in ecclesiastical matters, 148
opposition of, condemned, 170n, 171n
challenges to, 14, 18, 32, 123, 131, 159, 204n
defenders of, 211, 243, 274, 285, See also Friends of Government
enemies of, 120
extension of, 174
FB supports, 236
and legislative supremacy, principle of, 11, 17, 20, 30, 93, 151, 170n, 203, 218, 261n, 306n
news from London concerning, about, 123
opposition to, 111–12, 206, 211
taxation, and. See under Parliamentary Taxation
all taxes, repeal of, 121
American Colonies, of. See also Townshend Duties
American opinions on, about, 15
and British policymaking, 11, 31
and civil lists, 250
exemption from, 128–29, 297–98, 325–26
inequity of, 132
inexpediency of, 30
no plans for futher taxes, 263
opposition to, 2
Parliament debates, 19–20
resistance to, 194
and self-government, 299
American episcopate, for, 149
“external” and “internal” taxes, 20, 261n, 298
legislative authority of
American acknowledgement of, 121
denied, 168
unlimited, 226
precedents in, 121
Townshend duties. See under Townshend Duties
and trade duties, 130, 252n, 298
Partridge, Oliver
as FB’s business agent, 126, 127n
identified, 373n
letter to, listed, 372
Partridgefield, Mass., 127n
Passaic River, 126
Patronage, 6, 49n, 135–36, 187, 224–26
Paxton, Charles
as “Charley Froth,” 244
as commissioner of Customs, 140, 188n
FB contacts, 213
FB writes to, 155
FB, as advocate for, 158n
FB’s views on, 155
letter to, cited, 158n
newspaper libel on, 124n, 243–44
Pemberton, Samuel, 197
Pennsylvania Assembly, 170n
Account of Corsica, prints extracts, 202n
Penobscot Bay, Maine, 233
Penobscot River, 126
People, The
American Board of Customs, hostility to, 139
assemblies of. See Crowd Action
Bernard Letters, inspect and read, 248
British troops
and relations with, 121
and resistance to, 172
common “talk,” 1–2, 8, 69, 121, 212, 247, 256, 260, 262, 309
and Council, 93
factionalism of, 115
FB, no confidence in, 347
illegal combinations of, 11, 196
“respectable” sort, 185
Perth Amboy, N. J., 148
Peru, Mass., 127n
Petty, William, 50n, See under Shelburne, Earl of
Philadelphia
American bishop, as residence for, 148
and nonimportation, 257
“Philanthrop” (anti-government writer), 244, 245n
“Philanthrop” (Jonathan Sewall), 244
Phipps, Constantine John
House of Commons, speech in, 19
identified, 53n
Pitt, William
administration of, 50n
and Barré, 53n
Chatham, Earl of, created, 50n
as lord privy seal, 50n
ministry, forms. See also under Chatham Ministry
Pitts, James
Council
and address of, presentation of, 265–66
as councilor, 133n
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
leads opposition in, 270n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
politics of, 4
Plantations. See under American Colonies
Point Shirley, Mass., 317
Political Writing
about, 7, 9, 137, 200, 210, 213, 244
reported by FB, 173–79, 210, 216, 237, 239, 242–45, See also Enclosures: out-letters
Politics
British government views on, 123
food, of, 169n
gender perspectives, 337
office-seekers in, 113
political writing. See under Political Writing
popular power. See also People, The
power, distribution of, 273–80, 284–86
provincial elections (1769), 273–79
radicalism in. See under Radicalism
social divisions in, 185
tactics
campaigning, 210, 274–75, 280, 284–85, 309
intimidation, 97, 146, 210, 284, 311
patronage, 113–14, 135–36, 187, 224, 312
“Tavern Politicians,” 87
Pomeroy, John
mentioned, 123n
Popham, Edward
Bernard Letters, transcripts of, obtains, 22
and Bollan, 58
identified, 53n
Popular Party. See under Whig Party
Portsmouth, N.H., 290
Powell, Jeremiah
Council, election to, 189, 190n
Pownall, John
Adams, S., influence of, FB discusses, 216
America, options for settling in, discussed, 126
American Board of Customs, “supplement” concerning, FB sends copy, 160
anonymous letter, sends, 120
assembly
proceedings of, FB reports on, 259
on punitve measures against, 203
Bernard Letters
arrival of, FB reports on, 248–49
publication of, FB reports on, 251
Boston Evening-Post, FB sends copies, 122, 218n
Boston Gazette, FB sends copies, 244
Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser, FB sends copies, 160
Boston selectmen, FB discusses, 215
Boston, partial withdrawal of troops from, proposes, 203
on Boston, “state” of, 120
Bradshaw, correspondence with, published, 57n
British colonial policy
conciliation in, favors, 202
discussed, 249–52
punitive measures, favors, 202–03
views on, 202–04
British government, prepares briefing note for, 52n
British intervention, FB urges
“to crush the Faction,” 140–42
British politics, discusses, 204
British troops, arrival of, FB reports, 121
colonial government, reform of
Hillsborough’s plans for, discusses, 203
paper on, FB sends, 141
correspondence with
about, 6, 120, 144, 201n, 203, 280n
allusions in, 306n
Council
address to FB from, FB sends, 270
opposition from, FB reports on, 258–59, 268–70
reform of
FB proposes, 269–70
royal appointment of, advocates, 120, 203
FB
baronetcy for
discussed, 250
urges, 203
departure of, arrangements for, reported, 258
as friend to, 10
hemp cultivation, discussed, 127
Hillsborough’s support, reassures him of, 119n–20n
and land grants of, 127n
reassures, 49n
Rogers as interlocutor with, 127
FB as governor
conduct of
approves, 119
discussed, 125
leave of absence, discussed, 126, 199, 205, 237, 279
relocation of, options for, discussed, 125
treason, investigations of, discussed, 251
FB replies to, 144
Gage and Mackay, FB’s correspondence with, FB sends copies, 293
Hillsborough
discussions with
FB’s correspondence, concerning, 117–18
Massachusetts Council, reform of, 13, 203
on his support for FB, 119–20
views on, 120n
identified, 49n
Imperial Crisis
proposals for settling, discusses, 202–03
king’s speech (8 Nov. 1768)
American reactions to, FB reports, 158–59
letters from, 119–20, 143–44, 202–04
cited, 10, 13, 119n, 120n, 151n, 154n, 161n, 188, 196n, 201n, 228n, 230n, 238n, 242n, 252n
enclosures to, 238n
quoted, 201n
received, 120, 144, 182, 198, 203, 236, 250
letters to, 120–27, 140–42, 158–61, 198–202, 235–38, 242–45, 248–52, 258–59, 268–70, 279–80, 284–86
about, 246
cited, 5–7, 9, 14, 21, 24, 27, 32, 53n, 54n, 118n, 127n, 133, 160n, 171n, 178n, 188, 207n, 213, 216n, 218n, 244, 258n, 293n, 302n, 306n
enclosures to, 204n, 237, 245n
private, 121, 141, 158, 198, 243, 248, 250, 269, 284
quoted, 7, 24, 26, 32, 120n, 144, 198n
as replies, 144, 161n, 198, 203, 236, 250
secret, 199–200
Mount Desert Island Grant, confirmation of, urges, 203
Narrative of Facts Relative to American Affairs (1768), 52n
New York Assembly, resolutions of, FB reports on, 159
New York councilors, removal of, proposes, 203
newspaper extracts, FB sends, 237
New-York Gazette, or Weekly Post-Boy, FB sends copies, 160
Otis Jr., FB discusses, 199
Parliament
American representation in, FB recommends, 236
on FB’s correspondence, presentation of, 182, 204n
intervention of, hopes for, FB reports on, 243
resolutions of
FB expresses disappointment with, 236–37
FB, sends copies to, 144, 238n
his disappointment with, 143–44, 202
reactions to, FB reports on, 160, 236–37
views on, 143–44
Pownall, T., FB discusses, 199–200, 201n
Providence Gazette
FB sends copies, 237
radicalism in, FB reports on, 237
Quartering Act, repeal of, on conditions for, 203
retirement plans, 127n
Rogers, published letter of, FB discusses, 121–22
seditious plots, FB reports on, 198–200
“strong” letter, transmits, 201n
Temple
evidence of his duplicity, FB sends, 244
machinations of, FB reports on, 159, 199–200, 285
newspaper libel, as author of, FB reports on, 243
Townshend Revenue Act, repeal of
on conditions for, 203
proposals for, 251
Whig party, dominance of, FB discusses, 32, 284
Pownall, Thomas
Administration of the Colonies (1768), 29
American affairs, as commentator on, 29
American policy, conciliation in, advocates, 19–20
Americans, as friend of, 19–20
Appeal to the World, Boston sends, 58n
and Bollan, 29
British government
on American policy of, 56n
Cooper, correspondence with, about, 201n
correspondence with, about, 260
Danforth, letter to, quoted, 56n
DeBerdt, commends, 52n
and FB, mutual distrust, 29, 199–200, 201n, 261n
and Hillsborough, 30
Hillsborough, FB’s correspondence with, proposes inquiry into, 261n
House of Commons, speeches in, 18–20, 29, 53n, 261n, 323n
printed, 260
Hutchinson, letters from, 179
identified, 53n
“Junius,” suspected author of, 29
letters from, received, 259
letters to, 259–61
enclosures to, 263
listed, 370
Massachusetts, reputation in, 29, 261n
Parliament
proceedings of, discussed, 260
resolutions of, reviews, 18
province agent, as candidate for, 260
Quartering Act, amendments to, proposes, 229, 230n, 261n
Townshend Revenue Act, repeal of, advocates, 29, 261n
treason trials, opposes, 261n
treason, investigations into, discussed, 259–60
Whig party, corresponds with, 201n
wife of, 261n
Press, Liberty of, 58n
Prestonpans, Battle of, 283n
Printers, xxiv, 25, 89, 159, 169, 173, 176–79, 209–10, 214, 219, 237–39, 243, 246, 248, 256, 296–97, 301, 349, See also Gill, John; Edes, Benjamin
and Bernard Letters, xxiv, 8, 21, 25–26, 38, 174–75
identified, 238n
and, 257n
threaten legal action, 256
prosecution of, 25, 173, 176–77, 211, 237
Privy Council. See also His Majesty in Council
and FB, recall of, 235
House of Representatives, petition for FB’s removal
considers and dismisses, 32, 38, 362
receives, 361
King’s Council, as. See under His Majesty in Council
Massachusetts, inquiry into, 193
Mount Desert Island grant, confirms, 204n
provincial commissions, continues, 312n
secretary of state, letters from, 42
Propaganda, 162
Providence Gazette
“Advantage of Independence”
discussed, 238n
quoted, 238n
Bernard Letters, prints, 54n, 106n, 109n, 130n
cited, 114n
Hillsborough, FB sends copies, 239
printers of, 238n
“Son of Liberty,” 240n
Providence, R.I., 243
Province Agent. See also DeBerdt, Dennys; House of Representatives: agent of
election of, 359
mentioned, 14, 51n, 52n, 53n, 133
Province Charter (1691), 5–6, 27, 85, 87, 93, 114, 122, 132, 166, 186, 188, 203, 300, 303, 310, 341, 345–46, 350, 354
provisions of, 277
reform of, 144
Province House, Boston, 65, 68, 71, 176, 178, 198, 224, 278, 363, 366, 368, 371
Province Secretary of Massachusetts. See also Oliver, Andrew
Council, membership of, proposed, 186
and Council, papers of, 86–87, 103
deputy, 330, See also Cotton, John
as “King’s Secretary,” 88, 277
Province Treasurer of Massachusetts, 213
Province Treasury
depleted, 309
disburse funds, authority to, 220
Public Finances
Public Houses, 4, 63, 97–98, 100, 230n, 267, 344, 349n, See also Taverns
Public Welfare, 250
Quartering Act (1765)
amendments proposed, 77, 229, 305
colonial attitudes to, 305
continuation of, 230, 231n, 261
contravention of, 101n
intentions of, 332
interpretations of, 333–34, 344–45, 360
opposition to, 98–99, 229, 305, 330
provisions of, 3–4, 63, 79, 82n, 97–99, 101n, 268n, 271, 289, 305, 329, 331–32, 344, 349n
quoted, 82n
repeal of, 203
Quartering Act (1768)
cited, 230n
Quebec, 225
governor of, 373n
Queen Street, Boston, 24
Queen’s College, Mass., 362n
Quincy, Edmund
Quincy, Samuel
as attorney general of Massachusetts, 138n
as office-seeker, 137
Radicalism
in Boston, 1, 9, 168, 171–72, 215, 239, 284, 305, 308
criticism of, 171
in Massachusetts, 11, 14, 28, 122, 153, 160, 185, 228, 277, 298, 301n, 303n, 349n
Rebellion, 3, 9, 19, 72, 102, 183, 195, 213, 345, See also Insurrection
identified, 193n
mentioned, 193
Sewall, letter to, cited, 158n
Regulars, 1, 123, 175, 204, See under British Army
Remick, Christian
blockade of Boston Common, watercolor, 74
view of Boston Common, watercolor, 74
Republicanism, 167
Requisitions. See Parliament: requisitions of
Rescinding Controversy
assembly, FB dissolves, 300
FB’s role in, about, 342
Hillsborough, instructions from
cited, 59n
Parliament, discussed in, 17, 171n
“rescinders” and election (1769), 274, 278n
and Whig party, 175
Revere, Paul
British roops landing in Boston, engraving of, 66
Revolt. See under Insurrection
Revolutionary War. See under War of Independence,
Rewards, 134
Rex v. Corbet (1769), 302n
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 245n
Rights
American colonists, of, 31, 34, 132, 323n
baronial, 187
charters, deriving from, 132, 300, 341, 361
claims of, 130–31
constituents, of, 50n
duties and, 156
expression, of, 194
and freedom, 168
Governor and Council, of, 344
king, the, of, 168–69, 226, 284, 345
legislative autonomy, of, 31, 279n, 299
and liberties, 34, 132, 302n, 354
Massachusetts, province of, of, 321, 354
mentioned, 20
nature, of, 302n
people, the, of, 76n, 354, 357
petition, of, 87, 299, 323n, 342
questions of, 261n
religious, 148
revolution, of, 308
taxation of, 121, 129, 168, 170n, 279n, 299, 302n
trial, of, 194
Rippon, HMS, 34, 283–84, 299, 312
Rittenhouse, David, 233
Robertson, James
British troops, accounts of, presents, 289
FB, letters to Gage from, carries, 294
letters from
listed, 371
mentioned, 270
Robinson, John
American Board of Customs, transmits FB’s views to, 109
as commissioner of Customs, 140
Privy Council, reports to, 193
Rockingham, Marquess of
administration of, 51n
supporters of, 11, 17, 52n, 151, 153, 183n, 286n, 323n
Rockinghamites, 11, 17, 151, 323n
Rogers, Nathaniel
Boston Evening-Post, letter in, 123
Boston, arrives in, 127n
candor of, 122
FB, discusses imperial crisis with, 122
on Grenville, 170n
as importer, 257n
in London, 122–23
Parliament, “Resentment” of, fears, 122
Pownall, J.
as interlocutor with, 126–27
letter to FB from, delivers, 125
Townshend duties, repeal of
reports British opinion on, 120–25
Townshend Revenue Act, repeal of, prudence may acheive, 123
Roman Republic, 201n, 213n, 310n, 351n
Romans, Book of, 170n
Romney, HMS, 65, 82n, 123n, 139, 316, 350n
Ropes, Nathaniel
Council
does not vote, 106n
votes in, 106n
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Rosier, John
Bernard Letters, prepares transcripts of, 34, 57n
identified, 57n
Rowe, John
as Boston selectman, 197
Roxbury, Mass., 222
Royal Charter of Massachusetts. See under Province Charter (1691)
Royal Navy
Boston harbor
arrive in, 69
deployment in, 65, 68n, 81, 82n, 123n, 284n, 344, 350n
movements in and out of, 82n
deployment of, 65, 82n, 220–21, 284n
officers mentioned, xxiv, xxv, 19, 37, 58n, 68n, 69, 70n, 79, 144, 284, 302n, 303, 320, 331, 373n
withdrawal of, 295
Royall, Isaac
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
Ruddock, John
as Boston selectmen, 197–98, 215
as justice of the peace, 101n
Ruggles, Timothy
as Hardwick representative, 278n
Russell, James
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
as councilor, 106n
royal council
appointed to, 191
appointment to, proposed, 191
Salaries. See also Crown: salaries
Salem, Mass., 69, 106n, 162, 163n, 234, 256, 286n
Samson Agonistes (John Milton), 57n
Sanders, Thomas. See under Saunders, Thomas
Satire, 214n
Saunders, Thomas
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Savile, Sir George
on FB, 19
House of Commons
Bollan, petition of, presents, 321
speech in, 19
Sayre, Stephen
Hillsborough, letter to, cited, 117n, 163n
House of Representatives, petition to king from, delivers to Hillsborough, 115, 117n
identified, 117n
Schaeffer, John Martin, 160n
Scotland
merchants of, 257
Parliament of. See under Parliament of Scotland
Scotsmen, 256
Seabury, Samuel
American episcopate, and controversy over, 218, 219n
“B. W.” letter
and, 219
discussed, 218
correspondence with, about, 218
identified, 219n
letter from, received, 218
letter to, 218–19
listed, 369
Seasons, 1–3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 27, 36, 38, 54, 82n, 93, 100, 123, 126, 158, 161, 163n, 167, 175–76, 193, 195, 199, 201, 205, 222, 229, 251, 268n, 285, 288, 345, 349n
Secker, Thomas
as archbishop of Canterbury, 373n
death, 149
identified, 150n
Secretary at War
mentioned, 6, 49n, 195, See also Barrington, Lord
Secretary of State. See also Conway, Henry Seymour; Hillsborough, Earl of; Shelburne, Earl of; Richmond, Duke of
Secretary of State (Colonial Department). See also Hillsborough, Earl of
Admiralty Board, letters from, 225
assembly, dissolution of, as “Wanton Act,” 296
authority, exceeds, 171n
Bollan meets with, 347–48
Bowdoin writes to, 326
British troops, deployment of, orders for, 4, 72, 288
correspondence with
arrears in, 110
assembly, communication to, instructions respecting, 177
confidential letters copied, 247
discussed, 361
correspondence with, about
Parliament, debated in, 19
printed, 8
in-letters, filing system, 42
Massachusetts Council, communications with, about, 357
mentioned, 31, 34, 36, 38, 41, 56n, 76, 117n, 171n, 203, 361
office of, 21
Secretary of State (Northern Department)
mentioned, 238n
Secretary of State (Southern Department). See also Shelburne, Earl of
Sedition
allegations of, 2, 69, 162, 164–66, 173, 194, 216
considered, 226
refuted, 215
evidence of, 165–74
and high crimes and misdemeanors, 194
Hobbes on, 178n
investigations of, 164–65
Parliament, resolutions of, concerning, 12, 174
prosecutions for considered, 58n, 177
Seizures
Select Letters on the Trade and Government of America (Francis Bernard), xxv
Selkrig, James, 257n
Selkrig, Robert, 257n
Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca)
De Vita Beata, 238n
Seneca’s Morals (L’Estrange), 238n
Sewall v. Hancock (1768–69), 6–7, 110, 137, 156, 225, See also Hancock, John: trial of
Sewall, Jonathan
Adams, J.
and, 137
offers position to, 137
American Board of Customs
complaints made by, 154–55, 157n, 158n
FB unware of, 154
compromise with, reaches, 6, 156
correspondence with, 156
dispute with
FB reports on, 154–58
and Hutchinson’s intervention, 111n
his competency questioned by, 110, 154–55, 157, 158n, 193
Lydia case, his opinion in, criticized by, 157
memorials of, reads, 157
misrepresentations by, investigates, 110, 154–55, 193
supplies correspondence to, 193n
American Board of Customs, letter to, cited, 158n
as attorney general of Massachusetts, 136, 166n
career of, 136
FB
as critic of, 244
patronized by, 6, 135–36, 224–26
as protégé of, 6
FB seeks replacement for, 225
FB’s disappointment with, 6, 135, 166n, 273n
Hancock, relationship with, 137, 138n
Hancock, trial of
prosecutions, abandons, 6, 110, 137
as prosecutor in, 5–7, 110, 137, 156, 225
House of Representatives, resolves of, criticized in, 300
meets with, 156
illness of, 110
informers, protects his, 156–57
as laywer, 136
Lisle
information received from, 111n, 193
misrepresented by, 157
loyalty of, 6–7, 135, 225, 273n
morale of, 156
newspaper libel on, 243
Paxton, criticized by, 155
as political writer, 7
Reeve, letter from, cited, 158n
replacement for, 225n
resign, threatens to, 154, 157n, 193
as solicitor general of Massachusetts, 136
treasonable activities, investigations into, concerns over, 228
Venner
correspondence with, about, 193n
information received from, 111n, 155–56, 158n, 192–93
letter from, cited, 158n
letters to, as replies, 193n
misrepresented by, 157
Venner and Lisle, meets with, 110, 155
and Vice Admiralty Court
advocate general, appointed, 136, 158n
as advocate general, 6, 110, 136–37, 156, 166n
leave of absence, requests, 225
Whig party, as source of information on, 137
Shakespeare, William
Sheffield, Mass., 278n
Shelburne, Earl of
advises FB on prosecuting libels, 177
as Barré, patron of, 53n
correspondence with
about, 41
numbering of, 41–42
FB, lacks “intimacy” with, 281
Hillsborough
compared to, 10
discusses FB with, 51n
House of Representatives to prosecute libels, urges, 179n
identified, 50n
Jackson, as interlocutor with, 227
letters to
Adams, S., commentaries by, 58n
Bollan transmits copies to Boston, 35
filed, 41
Parliament, presented to, 11, 50n
on Parliament, resolutions of, 144
Rogers, meets with, 123
as secretary of state
American policy, relinquishes responsibility for, 50n
Grafton administration, views on, 51n
Sheriffs, 70
Shipping
Batteaux, 220–21
Halifax, from, 123n
Halifax, to, 82n
mentioned, 93, 125, 160, 199, 232, 247–48, 254, 258, 278, 283, 299, 304
schooners, 236
sloops, 139, 220–21, 336, 350n
warships, 139, 299, 316, See under name of vessel
Ships’ Captains, 53n, 57n, 124n, 130n, 247, 253, 257, 258n, 273
Shirley, William
as governor, 29
Sicily, 201n
Silver, 86n
Silvester, Richard
declaration of, 166–69
Board of Trade, considered by, 165
identified, 169n
seditious speeches, reports on, 167–69
wife of, 167
Silvester, Richard, Mrs, 167
Simpson, Jonathan, 257n
Smith, Henry
Governor and Council, meets with, 331
letters to
listed, 364
Smith, John, 57n
Smith, Sidney L.
engraving by, 74
Smugglers
prosecution of, 136
pursuit of, 286n
Soldiers
mentioned, 63, 65, 70, 73, 79n, 97–99, 112, 146, 168–69, 217, 237, 267, 298, 305, 332, 344, 360
prosecutions of, 146
Solicitor General of England and Wales
Hillsborough, letter from, cited, 117n
Sons of Liberty
Barré depicts Americans as, 53n
crowd action, organize, 334
FB’s views on, 16, 18, 96, 113, 134, 249, 269
as justices of the peace, 112
Parliament, proceedings of, reactions to, 260, 262
political writing of, 55n, 239n
Pownall, T., correspond with, 199
prosecution of, 134
resistance, proclivity for, 204
Wilkes, congratulate, 195
South Carolina
governorship of, FB declines, 5, 94, 95n, 151
mentioned, 231n
South End, Boston, 167
Sovereignty, 27, 186–87, 250, 308
Spa, 94
Sparhawk, Nathaniel
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 318
as councilor, 106n
Specie
shortage of, 132
Speech of Th–m–s P–wn–ll, Esq. late g–v–rn–r of this province, in the H––se of C–m––ns, in favor of America (1769), 260
Spooner, Walter
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n
Spooner, Walter
Council, election to, vetoed, 280n
Springfield, Mass., 278n
Spry, William
as governor of Barbados, 227
St. Domingue
governor of, 373n
St. George, Flag of, 34
St. George’s Fields’ Massacre, 78
St. James’s Chronicle
St. James’s Palace, 241n
St. John’s, Nfld., 221n
Stables, 218n
Stamp Act (1765)
distributors, 112
Stamp Act Crisis, 7, 9, 42, 53, 176, 213
Stamp Act Riots, Boston (1765)
mentioned, 176
Stanley, Hans
identified, 306n
Navigation Acts, American opposition to, views on, reported, 305, 306n
Stephens, Philip
correspondence with, about, 225
identified, 373n
letters to, 224–26
listed, 369
Sewall, continuation of, FB recommends, 224–26
Steuart, Charles
Coffin, letter from, cited, 173n
Stoddard, William
as justice of the peace, 101n
Strasbourg, 160n
magistrates of, 159
Strasbourg, Master and Council
letters from cited, 160n
letters to, as enclosure, 160
Suffolk County, Mass., 224n, 311–12
“Sui Imperator” (anti-government writer), 169n
Sultana, HMS, 123n
Sun, 233
Superior Court of Massachusetts
justices of, restoration to Council proposed, 186
Sutherland, Scot., 283n
Tain, Scot., 283n
Taunton, Mass., 106n
Taverns, 223
Taxation.
America, of. See under Parliamentary Taxation
“external” and “internal” taxes, 20, 261, 298
innovations in, 10
Parliament, by. See under Parliamentary Taxation
representation, without, 236
Taylor, John, 257n
Tea
Bohea, 169n
boycott of, 169n
duties on, 30–31, 33, 38, 303n
salaries from, 138n, 228n, 251–52
“hyperion” tea, 169n
Temple, John
activites of, FB’s suspicions concerning, 159
American Board of Customs
complains to Treasury about, 193
estrangement from, 140, 193, 206
opposition to, “principal Mover” in, 200
Bowdoin, E., marriage to, 49n, 89
and Bowdoin, J., 200, 207n, 241n
Bradshaw, letters to, cited, 161n
and Cockle, dismissal of, 286, 373n
as commissioner of Customs, 188n
dismissal of, FB urges, 206
FB, as enemy of, 89, 210, 214n, 285
and Fisher, K., 244
and Folger, dismissal of, 161n
newspaper libels, involvement in, suspected, 9, 157, 199–200, 205, 209–13, 219, 241n, 243–44, 245n
as “Palinurus,” 211
as “Paoli,” 201n
as “Philanthrop,” 244
populace, spared condemnation by, 139
and Sewall, 157
Toovey, deposition of, publishes, 285
Treasury
complains to, 161n
letters to, cited, 161n
memorials to
about, 193
Trecothick, letter from, not found, 286n
and Whig party, 9, 49n, 193, 200, 244
Temple, Robert, 245n
Terrick, Richard, 149n
Terror, 194
The Tempest (Shakespeare), 338, 350n
Thomas, Peter D. G.
on Pownall, T., 56n
on Quartering Act, 230n
on Townshend duties crisis, 1
Thompson, Samuel, 284n
“Timothy Tickle” (Anglican writer), 218
“To the Sons of Liberty” (article), 55n
Toovey, Sampson
deposition of
about, 286n
printed, 286
Tories
Town House, Boston, 3, 65, 68, 71n, 172, 235n, 268n, 295
British regiments quartered in, 70–71
doorkeeper, 70
Towns. See also named town
Boston, criticize, 75
British troops in, quartering of, proposed, 84
and Convention of Towns, 12, 75, 77n, See also Convention of Towns
as corporations, 98
representatives of mentioned, 279n, See also under named town
Townshend Acts (1767). See also Townshend Duties
and British policy, 11
and Crown salaries, 92
listed, 11
opposition to, 11, 136, 160, 227, 250
repeal of, 14–15, 29, 163n, 171n, 203, 250
as compromise, 251
delayed, 150–51
Townshend Duties. See also Parliament, Legislation: Revenue Act (1767)
collection of, 19
Crown salaries from, no prospect of, 227
enacted, 228n
repeal of, 7, 29–31, 38, 204, 264
British opinion on, 120–25, 150–53
compromise over considered, 121–22
salaries from, 92, 138n, 228n, 251–52
tea duty, retention of, 30
Townshend Revenue Act (1767). See under Parliament, Legislation: Revenue Act (1767), See also Townshend Duties
Townshend, Charles
America, knowledge of, 250
American civil list, plans for, 5, 92, 250–51
Trade Duties, 130, 252n, 298, See also Townshend Duties; Trade Laws; Tea: duty on
Trade Laws. See also Townshend Duties
protested, 15
Transatlantic Communications, 13–14, 21, 38–39, 50n, See also Mail
Transatlantic Voyages, 123, 127n, 149, 157, 158n, 193
Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America (Jonathan Carver), 221n
Treason
arrest for, 117n
evidence of
destroyed, 168
difficulty of procuring, 272
discovery of, 173
inconclusive, 144, 173, 194, 228, 251, 260, 272
Henrician statutes, 12, 15–17, 51n, 208, 302n, 323n
investigation of, 17–18, 51n, 117, 261n, 273n
findings from, 271–73
proposals for, 8, 12, 17, 28, 137, 144, 153, 204, 208–09, 226, 228, 251, 261n, 272, 273n
royal commission, by, 12, 16, 18, 28, 120, 144, 204n, 261n, 273n
misprision of, 181, 208–09, 226, 251, 271
Parliament
discussed in, 17, 33, 51n, 78, 209n, 273n
resolution of, respecting, 196, 320
trial venues considered, 18–19, 28, 300
trials for, British government considers, 24, 28, 49n, 144, 204, 208, 261n, 273n, 279n, 323n
Treasury
American Board of Customs
letters from, considers, 140
letters to, cited, 158n
memorials from
mentioned, 31
Parliament, presented to, 35–36
published, xxiv
quoted, 157n
Sewall, concerning, 110, 155, 158
FB, letter to American Board of Customs from, reads, 156
and governors, salaries of, 94
Liberty riot, considers, 56n
Lisle, memorial from, about, 157
lords commissioners of, 50n, 52n, 53n, 133n
secretary of, 158n, 193, See also Bradshaw, Thomas
secretary of state, letters from, 42
Temple
letters from, cited, 161n
memorials from
about, 201n
cited, 193n
Venner
exonerates, 193
memorials from
about, 157
America, as friend of, 11
America, reconciliation with, advocates, 323n
on American Board of Customs, 19
Appeal to the World, Boston sends, 58n
on FB, 19
House of Commons
Council, petition from, reads, 321
identified, 52n
Temple, letter to
mentioned, 285
not found, 286n
Tremont Street, Boston, 65
Trowbridge, Edmund
as attorney general, 210
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
as justice of the Superior Court, 190n, 210
politics of, 210
royal council, appointment to, proposed, 191
Tudor, John, 101n
Tyler, Royal
Council
election to, 189, 190n, 319n, 352n
papers of, as co-signatory, 268n, 318, 347
as councilor, 133n
deposition of, discussed, 334
FB’s informers, denies allegations by, 100n, 334
as overseer of the poor, 100n, 334
politics of, 4
Venner, Samuel
American Board of Customs
accused of and charged with misconduct by, 110, 111n, 157, 193
challenges, 110
as secretary to, 155, 157n, 158n, 193
writes to, 158n
Bradshaw, letter to, 158n
correspondence with, about, 192
and FB, 192–93
grievances of, 193
Hutchinson, letter to, sent, 192
letters from, 192–93
listed, 368
London, relocates to, 157
Sewall
accused of misleading, 110, 156–57
provides information to, 111n, 155, 193
writes to, 193n
Treasury
memorials to, 157
petitions, 158n
Venus, Transit of, 220
expedition to observe, 219–21, 233
cancelled, 232–33
observations of, 233
Verres, Gaius Licinius
allusions to, 199–201, 211, 213, 244–45, 310n, 351n
identified, 201n
Vice Admiralty Court
advocate general of, mentioned, 6, 49n, 110, 136–37, 154–56, 157n, 158n, 166n, 224, 225n
criticism of, 300
judge of, membership of Council, proposed, 186
judges mentioned, 6, 49n, 136, 166n, 225, 226n, 228n, 244
New England, of, 6, 110, 156, 225
North America, for, abolished, 225n
regional courts, establishment of, 225n, 268n
special commission, 302n
and trade laws, enforcement of, 136
Viper, HMS, 123n
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro)
Aeneid, 214n
Virginia
colonists of, 30
council of, 102
House of Burgesses
“behaviour” of, 102
Circular Letter, replies to, 276
Speaker of, 276
taxation, resolutions on, 277, 279n
lieutenant-governorship of, 118, 125, 205
politics in, 125
Waldo Patent, 127n
Waldo, Samuel, Jr.
identified, 127n
mentioned, 126
Waldo, Samuel, Sr.
identified, 127n
War Office
clerks of, 55n
secretary of state, letters from, 42
Ward, Artemas
Council, election to, vetoed, 270n, 279n, 280n
Warren, James
Adams, J., letter from, cited, 138n
Warren, Joseph
as “A True Patriot,” 177
identified, 171n
libel by, 177
papers, burns, 168
as “Paskalos,” 213n
“Verres,” compares FB to, 213n
Warren, Joseph.
Boston Gazette, writes for, 176
Watson-Wentworth, Charles. See under Rockingham, Marquess of
Watt (ship’s captain), 124n, 130n
Weaponry, 3, 37, 72, 167–69, 172, 178n, 201
Weather, 199
Wentworth, Benning
and Seabury, “B. W.” letter to, 219
West Indies, 373n
West, Benjamin
Death of General Wolfe, 53n
Westchester, N.Y., 219n
Westminster, Palace of, 135, 144, 162, 262, 269, 272, 284, See also Parliament
Weymouth, Lord
on FB’s reports, 51n
libeled, 238n
Whately, Thomas
Hutchinson, letter from, cited, 55n
Wheelwright’s Wharf, Boston, 123n
Whig Party. See also Boston Faction; Sons of Liberty
ascendancy of, 32, 188, 274, 276, 279–80, 284, 305
Bernard Letters
and, 9, 14, 16, 21, 24, 36, 38–39, 182, 198, 214, 248, 300, 348n, 361–62
reactions to, 24–25, 36, 38, 178
and Bollan, 14–15, 21, 38, 144
and Boston Gazette, 25, 173, 176
in Boston, 58n, 171n, 178, 200, 253, See also Boston: Whig party; Boston Faction
British troops, withdrawal of, call for, 31, 301n
campaigning of, 24–25, 30, 163n, 178, 213
and Coffin family, 172
conservatives in, 132, 141, 172
and Convention of Towns, 76n
Council
and election to, 185–86
campaigns concerning, 274–75, 280, 284–85, 309
in, 3–4, 25, 49n, 129, 132, 133n, 141, 146n, 171, 251, 258, 267, 269, 270n, 318
critics of, 114n
disposition of, 305
divisions in, 275
FB
campaign for his removal, 32–33, 174, 259n
members courted by, 137
misrepresented by
accusations respecting, 38, 175, 310n
evidence for, 14, 21, 24–25, 36, 38–39, 76n, 348n
relationship with, about, 6, 8, 30, 123, 161n
and FB’s correspondence, 248
friends of government, proscribe, 210
Hillsborough, criticize, 171n
House of Representatives
in, 175, 249, 272, 274, 276–77, 301n, 303, 308–09
influence in, 188, 274, 276, 280
leaders in, 280
numbers in, 274
opponents in, 274, See also Friends of Government
insurrectionism of, 166n
investigations of, 164, 173, 272
leaders of, 159, 164, 277, 280, 284, See also Adams, Samuel; Cushing, Thomas; Hancock, John; Hawley, Joseph; Otis, James, Jr.
as “demagogues,” 173
prosecution of, 6, 28, 58n, 110, 137, 144, 177, 195, 272
not proposed by Parliament, 196
psychology of, 279n
trial of, 204
London, friends in, 144
moderates in, 4, 8, 24, 89, 123, 129, 132, 133n, 171–72, 204n, 218n, 272, 286n
in New York, 218
and nonimportation, 257n
office, exclusion from, 203, 226
Parliament, resolutions of
deprecate, 144–45
parliamentary authority
defenders of, intimidate, 284
political writers for, 9, 137, 238n, 349n
political writing of, 7, 200, 210, 213, 238n, 244, 310n, 350n
printers for, 25, 176–77, 238n
protest movement, leads, 196n
punishment of, 348
radicals in, 1–2, 4, 8, 14, 26, 28, 32, 123, 133n, 169n, 171–72, 178n, 200, 228, 305, See also Radicalism
social composition of, 105
and Temple, 9, 49n, 193, 200, 244
Whig Party (England), 10, 17, 22, 50n, 53n, 54n, 151, 153, 183n, 323n, 324n
“Whip for the American Whig,” 218–19
White, George
Bernard Letters, transcripts of, attests, 20, 53n, 246n, 247n, 248, 324n
as clerk, 246n
promotion of, 34
White, Samuel
Council
papers of, as co-signatory, 318
votes in, 106n
death, 356
Whitehall, 144
Wilkes, John
American support for, 195, 196n
Baldwin, supplies libel to, 238n
city of London, as mayor of, 196n
controversy surrounding, 50n, 54n, 177, 195
and London election, 194–95
mentioned, 260
and Middlesex election, 194–96
North Briton (1769), 79n
Parliament
expulsion from, 10, 13, 16, 22, 78, 194–95
friends of government, encourages, 242–43
reported in American Colonies, 195, 273n, 324n
political career of, 196n
publications of, seditious and obsence, 195
secretaries of state, answers, 226
Wilkes-Barre, Penn., 53n
Willard, Joseph, 220
Williams, Israel
Council
election to, 190n
restoration to, proposed, 189
as friend of government, 27
as Hatfield representative, 278n
Hutchinson, letter from, cited, 55n
identified, 127n
land tracts, sells, 126
Williamsburg (Va.)
American bishop, as residence for, 148
Wiltshire, Eng., 21–22
Windward Islands
governor of, 373n
Wine, 286n
Wine Licence Office, 157
Winter, 83
Winthrop, John
and transit of Venus, expedition to observe, 220, 221n, 233
Wisconsin, 221n
Wolfe, James, 53n
Women, 201
and politics, 214n
Worcester, Mass., 106n
Workhouse, Boston, 73n, 96–97, 334
Worthington, John
Council
as friend of government, 285
Otis Jr.’s views on, 285
York, Maine, 106n
York, Neil Longley, xv
Yorkshire, 323n
Zoilus, 214n